英语作文模版.docx
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英语作文模版.docx
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英语作文模版
议论文的框架
(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)
Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat__作文题目_____.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一________.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:
inthefirstplace,___原因一_______.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,___原因二_____.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat___观点一_____.
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people holdtheideathat___观点二_______.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand,___原因一_______.Ontheotherhand,____原因二_____.Therefore,there isno doubt that___观点二______.
AsfarasIamconcerned,I firmly support the view that__观点一或二______. It isnotonlybecause________,butalsobecause_________.Themore_______,themore________.
(2)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)___作文题目______.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin__题目议题_____.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,___优点一______.Andsecondly___优点二_____.
JustAsapopularsayinggoes,"everycoinhastwosides",__讨论议题______isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,___缺点一______.Inaddition,____缺点二______.
Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof__讨论议题____intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe____讨论议题___.
(3)答题性议论文
Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)__作文题目_______.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem.
Asweknowthattherearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,__途径一______.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis___途径二_____.
Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof___作文题目______,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,____方法_____.
(4)谚语警句性议论文
Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:
"___谚语_______"hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans____谚语的含义_______.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically)
Acaseinpointis___例子一______.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb____谚语_____.
WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:
____谚语_____.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob..
在备考英语四级的过程中,各位考生不仅要注意词汇的积累,句型的掌握,还要注意标点符号的正确使用。
冒号的用法
冒号表示停顿,其停顿时间比分号长比句号短。
它可用逗号,有时也可用句号代替。
尽管现在冒号的使用不如50到75年前频繁,但现在它使用仍很方便,因为它告诉读者其后仍是对上文进一步的陈述。
冒号还能产生轻微的戏剧效果。
冒号常用于引出一个词、短语、或完整的句子(子句)来强调,举例解释,或证明刚才所说过的内容。
注意:
冒号之后的词可用大写也可用小写字母开头。
如果冒号之后的词是另一个完整句子的开始,则用大写字母开头。
反之,如果冒号之后的词只是句子的一部分,则用小写字母开头。
例MayIofferyouasuggestion:
don’tdrivewithoutyourseatbeltsfastened.
Thethoughtcontinuedtoperplexhim:
WherewillIgonext?
用于引出一连串用来解释或强调已叙述过的内容。
如:
Inthebasement,hekeptsomeequipmentforhisexperiments:
thetesttubes,somechemicalagents,threesun-lamps,andthedrill.
冒号后常为缩排且不用引号、与全文分离的长引文。
PresidentJiangZeminenjoysquotingthefirstlineofLincoln’sGettysburgaddress:
Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinlibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.
精典范例
Thereareonlytwotragediesinlife:
oneisnotgettingwhatonewants,andtheotherisgettingit.
--英国作家OscarWide
写作时,切忌这样写:
Thefourmajorreasonsforthelandslidevictorywere:
thecandidate’spersonalpopularity,theenthusiasticsupportofhisparty,hisstandonbudgetissues,andthegeneralmoodofthenation.
这样用的问题在哪?
问题出在冒号用于动词were之后,你可能在英语为母语的人写的报纸或流行刊物中见到这类用法,但它在学术写作中不被大学教师所接受。
在学术论文中,主语补足语或直接宾语应紧跟在冒号之后。
主语补足语的修饰词(obvious)使原本存在句子中的问题得到解决:
冒号不应紧跟在动词之后。
上面例题中,取得压倒性胜利的四个原因是明显的:
thecandidate’spersonalpopularity,theenthusiasticsupportofhisparty,hisstandonbudgetissues,andthegeneralmoodofthenation.
破折号的用法
用于表示句子正常语序中突然或出人意料的中断。
如果意义明确,它也可用于代替括弧或逗号。
通常,破折号特别强调它所隔开的部分。
破折号常用于对一长项已表达过的内容进行总结。
例Thedaywasthelongestinherlife-orsoitseemedtoher.
Couldyou-Ihatetoask!
-helpmewiththesedishes?
Whenwelefttown-adaynevertobeforgotten-theyhadarecordsnowfall.
Mostofthepaintingsinthegallery-infactallbutone-weredoneintheearly19thcentury.
Whathelackedinintelligence-andhelackedagooddeal-hemadeupforinphysicalstrength.
Thethreeofthemwereseatedatoneendofalongdiningtablethatcouldhold-hadonceoftenheld-eighteenpeople.
WilliamHarveydidnotdiscoverthecirculationofthebloodinthebody.Itwasdiscovered-orrather,alwaysassumed-inChina.
Morethan600unforgettable-andoftensurprising-photographsandIllustrationswillrivetyourattention,nomatterwhatyourage.
破折号常用来总结一系列已表达过的内容。
如:
Timeandpatience-twosimplewords-yetwhyaretheysohardformetoremember.
分号的用法
分号有时又称为小句号。
它表示一个停顿,其停顿时间在逗号与冒号的停顿时间之间。
文章如采用许多分号,其风格则变得严肃、正式。
为了正确使用分号,有必要先学会辨认主句。
当两个主句没有任何连接词(and,but,or,nor,for)连接而出现在同一个句子里,这时最好采用分号使之分离。
分号的主要作用很简单,它常用于分离没有连接词连接的句子。
但最好不要在从句之间形成如此之强的停顿。
如果你要连接从句,而又不愿意用连接词时,则采用分号。
Theworldisacomedytothosethatthink;atragedytothosethatfeel.
Youdon’twritebecauseyouwanttosaysomething;youwritebecauseyou’vegotsomethingtosay.
Inthepast,boybabieswereoftendressedinblue;girls,inpink.
Can’tyouseeit’snogoodtogoonalone;we’llstarvetodeathifwekeeptravelingthiswaymuchlonger.
JohnF.Kennedysaidathisinauguralspeech,"Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry."
Ourpowertoapprehendtruthislimited;toseekit,limitless.
Scienceneedstobelivedalongsidereligion,philosophy,historyandestheticexperience;aloneitcanleadtogreatharm.
下列各词和短语如用于连接复合句时,常与分号连用:
thenhoweverthusfurthermore
henceindeedconsequentlyalso
thatisneverthelessanyhowinaddition
infactontheotherhandlikewisemoreover
stillmeanwhileinsteadbesides
otherwiseinotherwordshenceforthforexample
thereforeatthesametimeevennow
例:
Beingcleverandcynical,hesucceededinbecomingpresidentofthecompany;meanwhilehiswifelefthim.
Theweatherwascoldforthattimeoftheyear;nevertheless,wesetouttohiketothetopofthatmountain.
Accordingtoonenationalsurvey,highschoolboysexpectedastartingsalaryof$19,500fortheirfirstfull-timejob;ontheotherhand,highschoolgirlsexpectedastartingsalaryofonly$15,000.
括号的用法
括号用于隔开与中心意思相关不紧密的言语。
InNewYork(I’velivedthereallmylifeandoughttoknow),youhavetohavealicenseforagun.
IthoughtIknewthepoembyheart(boy,wasIwrong!
).
Foralongtime(toolongasfarasI’mconcerned),womenwerethoughttobeinferiortomen.
ThefirsttimeIwentdriving(doyouremembertheday?
),Iwassoscared.
其他几种标点的用法
问:
如果连续使用两个形容词,可用逗号分开它们吗?
答:
在"Singaporeisaclean,friendlycitystate"一句中,逗号代替了"and"。
连续两个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,可用逗号把它们隔开。
但当其中一个形容词修饰另一形容词时,不需要用逗号隔开它们:
Onmywaybackhome,Istaredatthepalebluesky.
问:
何时用连字符连接单词?
采用连字符连接的两个词,意思可一目了然。
例如,没用连字符的合成词lightyear,字面意思是一年比另一年不重要;加上连字符,我们就很清楚light-year是光年的意思。
通常,我们在处理名词前两个或多个词的组合时,可用连字符。
例:
know-how
ready-to-wear
faster-than-expectedproduction
life-form
state-of-the-arttechnology
medium-rangemissiles
当这一群词用作形容词时,仅对它们所修饰的名词之前的词使用连字符。
Itwasafast-pacedcitylife.
即Citylifeisfastpaced.
Bringmetheup-to-datereport.
即Bringmeuptodate.
还有,以"-ly"结尾的副词不用连字符。
Wrong:
Wedonotworkwithfinancially-unstableorganizations.
Correct:
Wedonotworkwithfinanciallyunstableorganizations.
Wrong:
Wearerequiredtoattendallregularly-scheduledmeetings.
Correct:
Wearerequiredtoattendallregularlyscheduledmeetings.
问:
你赞成省略缩略语的中间或末尾的句点吗?
答:
这是一个关于写作风格和品味的问题,有些编者对缩略语用句点;有些则不用。
用与不用取决于你。
我的建议是,一旦你决定采用哪种方式,就不宜改变。
专有名词中的句点应该保留,姓名之间的圆点应予保留。
问:
什么叫不分段句?
答:
两个完整的句子间仅用逗号,或不用任何其它标点,这两个句子叫做不分段句。
例:
Theairconditionerisbroken,wemusthaveitrepairedassoonaspossible.
Howtoridofrun-on?
Hereareafewapproaches:
有如下几种方法可消除不分段句。
Theairconditionerisbrokenandhastoberepairedassoonaspossible.
(使用连词"and")
Theairconditionerisbroken;ithastoberepairedassoonaspossible.
(用分号隔开这两个句子)
Theairconditionerisbroken.Wemusthaveitrepairedassoonaspossible.
(用句号隔开这两个句子)
倒装的妙用
精典范例
Tobeornottobe:
thatisthequestion.
--WilliamShakespear
Neverbeforehavewehadsolittletimetodosomuch.
--美国前总统FranklinD.Roosevelt
Plain:
Wesatonthecliffsbythesea,watchingthesunset.
Interesting:
Onthecliffsbytheseawesat,watchingthesunset.
(介词短语-主语-谓语-分词)
Normal:
Theprofessorwalkedin.
Reversed:
Inwalkedtheprofessor.
(谓语-主语)
Normal:
Jeremyscornedhonestmen.
Reversed:
HonestmenJeremyscorned.
(宾语-主语谓语)
Normal:
AlthoughIamfondofmychildren,Ihopetheywon’tgrowupspoilt.
Reversed:
FondasIamofmychildren,Ihopetheywon’tgrowupspoilt
Normal:
Henevergaveupcertainhabitsofhisyouth,andoneofthemwasthathelikedtoinspecthisclothesthoroughlyforwrinklesbeforehesteppedoutofthedoor.
Reversed:
Certainhabitsofhisyouthhenevergave
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