中考语法 非谓语动词讲解及练习.docx
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中考语法 非谓语动词讲解及练习.docx
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中考语法非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词
构成:
(to)+动词原形
动词不定式
非在句中的作用(除谓语动词外的任何成分)
谓构成:
V.-ing
语动名词
动用法(主、宾、表、定)
词
构成:
V.-ing/V.-ed(规则变化)
分词
用法(表、补、定、状)
(一)动名词
一、动名词的构成:
动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成
二、动名词的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语动词宾语
介词宾语
Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.我非常喜欢打篮球。
Stampsareusedforsendingletters.邮票是被用来寄信的。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
表语
Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.
=Collectingstampsishishobby.
多数情况下,动名词作表语可转化成作主语。
定语
Sheisinthereadingroom.她在阅览室。
Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。
置于所修饰词之前。
注意:
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。
我们初中阶段常见的有:
finish,mind,beworth,bebusy,practice,havefun,havetrouble/problem(in),spend...(in),feellike,beusedto(习惯于),giveup,keepon,consider,suggest,can'thelp。
我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。
完成实践值得忙(finish,practice,beworth,bebusy)
继续习惯别放弃(keepon,beusedto,giveup)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
(二)动词不定式
1、动词不定时的构成
不定时的基本形式为:
to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。
2、动词不定式的句法功能
功能
例句
说明
主语
TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式,常常用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。
表语
Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换作为主语。
宾语
—Whatsportsdoesheliketoplay?
他喜欢做什么运动?
—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜欢打篮球。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to。
定语
Haveyougotanythingtosay?
你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I'msorrytotroubleyou.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.(表目的)
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
1.不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末
其结构为:
It+be+adj.(+for/ofsb.)+动词不定式
如:
TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.
It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.
注意:
在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
如:
It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.不定式作宾语
有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语,常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的,如:
wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。
如:
Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it代替,而将真正的宾语放在后面。
如:
IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.
③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式
Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter(not)do...,wouldratherdo,
could/would/willyouplease(not)do...
Iwouldratherstayintheroom.我宁愿待在房间里。
3.不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
如:
Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他关小收音机。
tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:
MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
注意:
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。
这些动词有:
一感(feel)、二听(hear,listento)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。
但变被动语态时,必须加上to。
如:
Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4.不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时,应放在名词之后。
它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没有什么可担心的。
5.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,相当于一个宾语从句。
如:
Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老师正告诉学生们做什么。
Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。
实战演练
(一)
1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?
A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating
2.Itwasgreatfun_____apicniconthehill.
A.tohaveB.ofhavingC.haveD.had
3.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.
A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played
4.----DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?
----Yes.Listen!
Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.
A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing
5.Whynot____?
A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohome
C.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome
6.Theyweremade____fourteenhoursaday.
A.workB.workingC.workedD.towork
7.Isitalwayseasier____friendsthantokeepthem?
A.makingB.makeC.tomakeD.made
8.It____Jacktwentyminutes____themathproblemyesterday.
A.took;toworkoutB.takes;workedout
C.hastaken;workoutD.istaking;workingout
9.Whenyouleave,don’tforget____offthelight.
A.toturnB.turningC.turnD.turned
10.Whodoyouthinkyou’dlike____?
A.tomakefriendsB.makefriends
C.tomakefriendswithD.makefriendswith
11.AlthoughJefflovesKFC,hetries____ittoooften.
A.toeatB.noteatC.tonoteatD.nottoeat
12.----Hi,Betty.ShallwegoswimmingthisSunday?
----ThisSunday?
Iamsorry,Ihavealotofhomework____thisSunday.
A.todoB.doneC.doD.tobedone
13.Sallyhadnopen____yesterdaymorning.
A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith
14.JohnaskedDavidhow____Christmas.
A.celebratingB.tocelebrateC.tobecelebratedD.celebrate
15.WeallconsideredMrZhao____teacher.
A.bethebestB.tobethebestC.beingbestD.beingthebest
16.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.
A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry
17.Haveyoudecided____?
A.togowithwhomB.whomtogowith
C.whomgowithD.withwhomtogo
18.Herhope____agoldmedalinthe2008OlympicGames.
A.towinB.istowinC.winningD.willwin
19.Themeetingroomisbigenough____onehundredpeople.
A.holdingB.holdC.toholdD.holds
20.Wouldyoupleasepassmetheknife____?
A.tocutthewatermelonwithB.tocutthewatermelon
C.cuttingthewatermelonD.cuttingthewatermelonwith
21.Itisbettertoteachamantofishthan____himfish.
A.givingB.togiveC.givesD.gave
22.Thepolicemanwarnedtheyoungman____afterdrinking.
A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive
23.Whatdoyouthinkisthebestway____thewildanimals?
A.protectingB.toprotectC.protectedD.protect
24.I’drather____ontheland____inafactory.
A.work;thanworkB.work;work
C.towork;thantoworkD.towork;towork
25.Mygrandfatherisused____ahatinwinter.
A.towearB.forwearingC.wearingD.towearing
26.I’msorry____youenoughhelp.
A.havegivenB.ofnotgivingC.nottohavegivenD.tohavegiven
27.SomestudentsfromGrade9____dosome____fortheold.
A.volunteeredto;cleanB.volunteered;cleaning
C.volunteeredto;cleaningD.volunteered;clean
28.Theyoungmanwasoftenseen____bythelake.
A.todrawB.todrawingC.drawD.drew
29.Tomis____tomakealivingbyhimself.
A.veryoldB.tooyoungC.toobigD.toostrong
30.Ifind____himallaboutit.
A.necessarytotellB.thatnecessaryto
C.necessaryittotellD.itnecessarytotell
31.Theoldmanseems____inagreathurry.
A.beB.tobeC.beingD.tobeing
32.I____thesameneighborhoodwiththelovelygirl.
A.happenedlivinginB.happenedtolivein
C.washappeninglivinginD.washappeningtolive
33.It’stimeforsuppernow.Let’s______it.
A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.tostophaving
34.Youarenotexpected____suchlonghours.
A.toworkB.workingC.workedD.work
35.Hisfatheragreed____$4,000forthecar.
A.withpayingB.topayingC.topayD.onpaying
36.Themanpretended____whenwesawhim.
A.tobeeatenB.eatingC.beingeatingD.tobeeating
37.Hedoesn’tknow_____.
A.whentodoB.whattodoC.howtodoD.wheretodo
38.Todayweusemachines_____usdomostofourwork.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
39.Shepreferredme_____there.
A.tostayB.wouldstayC.IstayD.stay
40.We’regoingtohelp_____thetrees.
A.wateredB.wateringC.towateringD.water
实战演练
(二)
1.Nooneenjoys_____at.
A.laughingB.tolaughC.beinglaughedD.tobelaughed
2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.
A.tobebrokeninB.frombeingbrokeninC.tobreakinD.frombreakingin
3.Theyinsistedon_________anotherchancetotry.
A.givenB.givingC.beinggivenD.tobegiven
4.—Whereismypassport?
Iremember________ ithere.
—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.
A.toput;totake B.putting;taking C.putting;totake D.toput;taking
5.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.
A.painting;painted B.painted;painting
C.painting;painting D.painted;painted
6.Theyoungtreesweplantedlastweekrequire________withgreatcare.
A.lookingafter B.tolookafter C.tobelookedafterD.takengoodcareof
7.Apolicemansawtwothieves____agirl’smobilephoneonabusandhecaughtthematonce.
A.tostealB.stealingC.stoleD.stolen
8.Shereturnedhomeonlytofindthedooropenandsomething_________ .
A.missedB.tobemissingC.missingD.tobemissed
9.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.
A.tostudyB.studyingC.tostudyingD.study
10.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar.
A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired
11.It'snogood________oversplitmilk.
A.tocryB.cryingC.criedD.cry
12.Haveyouforgotten___________$1000frommelastmonth?
Willyoupleaseremember_________ittomorrow?
A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bring
C.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing
13.Theclassroomwants__________.
A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning
14.Jacksaidthathewouldn'tmind___________forus.
A.towaitB.waitC.waitingD.waited
15.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.
A.tohelpB.helpC.helpingD.helped
16.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.
A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking
17.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.
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