难记考点歌诀Hard to remember all the verses.docx
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难记考点歌诀Hard to remember all the verses.docx
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难记考点歌诀Hardtorememberalltheverses
难记考点歌诀(Hardtorememberalltheverses)
Thetrickisrunningaroundtoseeifyoucanfindit.Overtheyears,therearesomequestionsthatmustbekeptinmind.Forexample,biochemical,thenseveralbiochemicalenzymes,unlessnoproblem(ofcoursethisisnotpossible),isitall!
.Forexample,myocardialinfarction,aslongasthetopicismyocardialinfarctionlocation.Forexample,infectiousdisease,malariamedicationisdead,isdead,pediatricchromosomedisease,height,weight,headtochest,vaccinationetc..Fourmajorquestionsoutoftheliving,cannotmemorizequestions.TheannualZhentilook,willknowwhattodieproblem.
Infarctnecrosissong:
anemia,infarction,spleen,kidney,bleeding,infarction,lungandintestine.Coagulation,necrosis,kidney,spleen,liquefactionofthepancreas,brainoften.Caseousnecrosis,lipidaccumulation,dampness,gangreneoflungs,uterus,intestine.
Hotsong:
missedtyphoidfeverandpneumonia,tuberculosis,liverfailurewindrelaxation,malariapelvicintermittentfever,Hodgkinreturnwaveofbrucellosis.
Note:
continuedfevertyphoid,typhus,lobarpneumonia.Theairhumidity,septicemia,tuberculosis,liverabscess.Intermittentfevermalaria,acutepyelonephritis.RelapsingfeverandHeJiejindiseasearemorecommoninrelapsingfever.Undulantfeverinbrucellosis.
Song:
glycogenenzymeglycogentwobiochemicalenzyme:
themonkclosedmediasisterthrush
Note:
glycogensynthesisglycogensynthase,liverglycogenphosphorylaseby.
Songofgluconeogenesis:
sugar,gluconeogenesis,pyruvate,
Carboxycarboxylicacidreceptor.
Fructose2grape6,
Addphosphoricacidtothewhole.
Thekeyenzymesofgluconeogenesisarepyruvatecarboxylase,phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase,fructosetwophosphatase,andglucose6phosphatase.
Theenzymesrequiredforglycolysis:
glycolysisisnotuncommon;thethreekinasesneedtobekeptinmind,hexokinase,pyruvate,and6phosphatekinase-1(glycolysisincellfluid)
Note:
hexokinase(GK),6phosphofructokinaseandpyruvatekinase1.
Threeacidcycleenzymesong:
threecarboxylicacidcycleenzymes,thereare8main,youremember?
Inorderforthecitratesynthaseaconitase,isocitratedehydrogenase,alphaketoglutaratedehydrogenase,succinatethiokinase,succinatedehydrogenase,malatedehydrogenase,fumarase.Isithardtoremember?
It'snothardtoremember.Youdon'thavetorememberthatexactly.It'snotlemons,amber,apples,apples......Aslongasyouseeapicture,yousayit'sanenzymeinthethreecarboxylicacidcycle.It'snotamistake.It'scalled"stickyedge",butyoudon'trememberthesenamesatall.
Songs:
ablackcat,twotigers,twolemons,afox,anapple,abarrelofvinegar(alphaglutaricdehydrogenase)
Somebodysaysblackcatiswhat,thatisnotAconitum?
.
Alphareceptoragonistsong:
theeasiestwaytoremoveakidneyistostopbleeding,preservelife,poison,hypotension,shock,nervesource.Thesamekindhasahydroxylgroup,themostlong-termeffect.
1.Usedforneurogenicshock.
2,fordruginducedhypotension,especiallychlorpromazinepoisoning.
3,uppergastrointestinalbleeding.
4、theeffectofhydroxylamineislongerthanthatofnorepinephrine,butitissusceptibletodrugresistance.
Betareceptoragonists:
betaagonistisoproterenolsong,asthmaaswonderfulblock.Heartfailurestopsjumping,lowshock,thismedicineisnotsaid.Drugssimilartodopa,
Formyocardialinfarction,heartfailure
1,forbronchialasthma.
2、atrioventricularblock.
3.Cardiacarrestduetosinusnodedysfunction.
4.Septicshockwithlowcardiacoutput.
5,similardrugsdobutamineformyocardialinfarctioncomplicatedheartfailure.
6,norepinephrine,epinephrine,isoproterenolcannotbeusedforhypertension,arteriosclerosis,organicheartdisease.
Alphabetareceptoragonistsong
Gejue:
adrenalbornwideuse,mostlikelycausedbycardiacarrhythmia.Allergicarrestandbronchialasthmacanalsobecombinedwithlocalanesthetics.Samekindofmedicaments,dopamine,shock,kidneyfailureisnoteasy.Thereisalsoaephedrineanestheticforlowbloodpressureasthma.
Dopamineismainlyusedinthetreatmentofshockandcanalsobecombinedwithdiureticsinthetreatmentofacuterenalfailure.Ephedrineisalsousedinthepreventionandtreatmentofepiduralanesthesiaandhypotensioncausedbyspinalanesthesia.
Whichofthefollowingdrugsismostlikelytocausecardiacarrhythmias?
Mlikesymptom:
Oh,evil,pain,diarrhea,sweating,salivation,
Runnynose,frequenturination,defecation(incontinence),
Pupildilationandpulmonaryedema,
Trachealspasm,coughandslowheartrate(bloodpressuredrop).
N-likeheartrateandbloodpressurerise,
Respiratoryparalysis,muscletremors.
Abdominalpainandposturesong:
Esophagealreflux,flexionpain,erectbodycanalleviate.Pancreaticcancerwithsupinepainisobvious,anteversionandpronepositioncanbealleviated.Leftlyingdown,lightchest,proneposition,duodenalstasis.
Refluxesophagitispatientsinbodyanteflexionepigastricburningpainsignificantly,
Anderectpositioncanbealleviated.
Inpatientswithpancreaticcancer,thepaininthesupinepositionisobvious,whileintheforwardpositionorpronepositionthepainisrelieved.
Attheleftlateralposition,patientswithgastricmucosalprolapsehadlesspain.
Theknee,chestpositionorpronepositioncanrelievethesymptomsofabdominalpainandvomitingintheduodenalstasis.
Position:
headsurgeryaftersurgerygejuesleepslope,cervicalandthoracicsurgerybedslope,lowerabdominalsurgery,hipandspinehalfsitting,supine,headandfootshockpatients,sometimesdesirablesupine.
Killipgradingofmyocardialinfarction:
I,II,IIIandIV,noncardiacdepression,ZuoXinshuai(50%),pulmonaryedema,cardiogenicshock.
Heartfailurecausedbyacutemyocardialinfarctioniscalledpumpfailure,andtheKillipclassificationmethodisadopted:
ClassI:
noobviousheartfailure;
StageII:
leftheartfailure,pulmonaryrales,lessthan50%lungfields;
StageIII:
acutepulmonaryedema;
StageIV:
cardiogenicshockwithhemodynamicchangesatdifferentstagesandlevels.
Myocardialinfarctionpositioningsong:
Myocardialinfarctionlocationdifficulttoremember,youcannotremembermeinahurry.Makeupanothersongtodayandwrapitupallyourlife.
Openinglanguage:
1,chestlead,Ijustsaythefigures,suchasIsaid1,referstotheV1lead,Isaid2,referstotheV2lead......Andsoon。
Remember.
2,theECGI,AVLleadatanytimeonbehalfofthe"side";II,III,andAVFleadsatanytimeonbehalfof"down",thisisaconstantancienttruth.WhatIsaidbelowis"seesideplusL",whichmeans"I,AVL"";
See"plusF"meansadding"II,III,AVF"".Remember.
3.LocationofECGaccordingtothesixtheditionofinternalmedicine".Minutesbeforetheinterval,confinedtotheanteriorandlateralwall,anteriorwall,inferiorwall(thatis,AVF,II,III)inferoseptalandlowersidewall,lateralwall,posteriorwall.
Listentothemusic:
Frontroom123.1.
Top345.2
Front567.3
Before1-5.4.
Next123.5.
Lowerside567.6
Seebelow,plusF.
SeesidewithL.
Thereis78behind.7
HighsideL8.8
TheanteriorwallV1V2V3.
LimitedanteriorwallV3V4V5
ThefrontsidewallV5V6V7I,AVL
ExtensiveanteriorwallV1V2V3V4V5
TheinferoseptalV1V2V3+II,III,AVF
ThelowersidewallofV5V6V7II,III,AVF
TheposteriorwallofV7V8
Thehighsidewallof1,AVL,V8
08yearsoftestquestions:
whichsideleadstothehighsidewallmyocardialinfarctionECG?
(answer:
I,AVL).Note:
becausetheanswerisonlyI,AVL.NowriteV8.Sochooseonlyone,AVL.1marksforeachquestion.Wejusthaveaunitonlyonepoint(358points,359pointsscore)mingluosunshan.Andshewillnotanswerthisquestion,yousaymiserablynotsad?
Comprehensiveexaminationpaperwrittenexamination,themyocardialinfarctionsectionwilltest,themostlikelyismyocardialinfarctionlocation.InJuneof08,IpostedapostontheInternet,andpredictedthattherewouldbeaproblemwiththelocationofthemyocardialinfarction,andcompiledthesong.Moveitovertoday,
Justwanttoaddapointtothestudents.
Heartmurmursong:
twoorthree,blowing,narrowrumble,themainpulsesigh,themachineisnotclosed,music,heartmuscle.
Note:
thisverseaslongaswithoutnotes,whichmeanstheinsufficiency.
Twoorthreetricuspidregurgitationwasblowing,stenosisrumbling;aorticregurgitationissighing;PDAmachine;endomyocarditis(papillarymuscleandtendonruptureorvalvularperforation)forthekindofmusic.
Splitheartsong:
Reversedivision,completelyleft.Fixedcompartmentseptum.Usuallysplitrightandlungnarrow,twopointedlesionorventricularseptaldefect.
Reversedivision(alsoknownasparadoxicalDivision)isseenincompleteleftbundlebranchblockandaorticvalvestenosis;fixeddisruptionisalmostunaffectedbyrespirationandisseeninatrialseptaldefect.
Infact,patientswithaorticstenosissufferfromleftventricularoverload(leftventricularhypertrophyanddilatationforalongtime),leftbundlebranchontheleftventricularwall,andexcessivetraction,andthefunctionislikeleftbundlebranchblock.
Pathologicalusuallydivided:
completerightbundlebranchblock,pulmonarystenosis,mitralvalvelesion(stenosisorinsufficiency),ventricularseptaldefect,etc..
Heartmurmurratingsong:
systolicmurmurisdividedinto6grades,whichissignificantatLevel3orabove.ClassIisthemostlightlistenedcarefully,secondlevelauscultationiseasier.ClassIIIisringersqualitative,tremorloudIV.Vloudchestwall,deafeningVImustbefaraway
Note:
diastolicmurmursarenotg
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