常见的字母与字母组合发音规则.docx
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常见的字母与字母组合发音规则.docx
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常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
附:
常见的字母与字母组合发音规则
(I)元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则
●元音字母的发音
(一)元音字母a
1.重读开音节[ei]paper;late;make;lake;face
2.重读闭音节[?
]bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass
(*例外:
any一些[e];many许多[e])
3.非重读音节[?
]或[i]
即:
[?
]——ago;along;among;above;aloud
[i]——comrade;village;manager;palace;private;necklace
*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,而且归属
后一个音节段。
如上的ladder,village.
4.在字母w或wh后面,发[?
]was;wash;what;want;
(*例外:
water水[?
:
])
5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组合里,重读时均发[a:
]
即:
dance;France;chance
ask;mask;task;basket
class;grass;glass;pass;——(*例外:
mass[?
])
fast;cast;past;last;master;
father;path;bath;——(*例外:
maths[?
])
(二)元音字母e
1.重读开音节[i:
]me;he;she;these;evening
2.重读闭音节[e]hen;get;set;tell;echo
3.非重读音节[i]useless;ticket;basket;pocket;before;below;
(三)元音字母i或y
1.重读开音节[ai]China;try;my;hi;time;guide;
2.重读闭音节[i]sit;hit;ill;little;system;
3.非重读音节[i]unit;study
(四)元音字母o
1.重读开音节[?
u]no;so;go;home;photo;
2.重读闭音节[?
]not;hot;box;fox;cock;cost;
3.非重读音节[?
]purpose;concern
4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发[?
]
son;month;come;ton;(*例外:
Tom[?
])
love;dove;glove;above;another
mother;brother;become;some
5.两个单词:
woman[‘wu-m?
n]女人(单数);women[‘wi-min]女人(复数)
(五)元音字母u
1.重读开音节[ju:
]pupil;student;use;cube
2.重读闭音节[?
]或[u]
即:
[?
]——cut;luck;umbrella;us
[u]——put;full;pull
4.非重读音节[?
]autumn;August;support
●元音字母组合的拼读规则
(一)元音字母a的字母组合
1.ai或ay在重读音节中[ei]rain;train;brain;pain
day;may;play;stay;lay
*ay在非重读音里[i]或[ei]Sunday;Monday;Tuesday;Thursday;Friday
2.al+绝大多数辅音字母[?
:
]small;wall;call;talk;walk;chalk
或[?
:
l]also;always
*al后面是k时,只发[?
:
]
al+f或m时,al发[a:
]half;calm
-al在词尾非重读[(?
)l]medal;metal;(例外canal运河,重音在后[?
l])
3.-ance在重读时[a:
ns]chance;dance;France
在非重读时[?
ns]importance;performance;ambulance
4.-ant非重读[?
nt]assistant;important;peasant
5.-ange一般[eind?
]change;danger;strange;(*但orange[ind?
])
6.-age一般[id?
]village;carriage;marriage
7.-ask一般重读时[a:
sk]ask;mask;task;basket
8.-ass一般重读时[a:
s]class;glass;grass;pass;(*但mass[?
])
9.-ast一般重读时[a:
st]last;past;fast;cast
-aste一般[eist]waste;paste;taste
10.-ath一般[a:
θ]bath;path;(*但maths[?
θ])
或[a:
?
]father;rather;(*但gather[?
?
])
11.-au一般[?
:
]cause;autumn;August;(*但because[?
])
-augh(t)[?
:
(t)]caught;taught;daughter
(*例外:
laugh[la:
f])
12.-aw[?
:
]draw;saw;law;awful
13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发[?
]
was;wash;want;what;(*但water[?
:
])
14.-ar重读音时[a:
]party;car;farm;army;yard;hard;star
在字母w或音[w]后面时[?
:
]war;warm;warn;towards;*quarter
在非重读音时[-?
]beggar;dollar;solar
15.-are一般[-ε?
]hare;bare;dare;stare;rare;care;parent
16.-air一般[-ε?
]chair;fair;hair;pair;stair;repair
17.-able一般[eibl]able;cable;table;stable
(二)元音字母e的组合
1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:
-ea[i:
]team;meat;lead;teach;read;mean;please;steal
-ea[e]threat;bread;meant;read(过去式和过去分词);peasant
-ea[i?
]real;really
-ea[ei]great;break
2.-ee[i:
]feel;week;keep;three;steel;street;sweep;see
*但是一个例外:
coffee[i]
3.-eer[i?
]deer;pioneer;engineer;volunteer
4.-er重读音节[?
:
]her;term;service;Germany
非重读[?
]worker;paper;western;teacher
特殊读法[a:
]clerk
5.-ere[i?
]here;mere
-ere或者发[ε?
]there;where
6.-ear有三种音,分别是:
-ear[i?
]ear;dear;near;clear;tear(n.);beard
-ear[?
:
]early;earth;learn;heard
-ear[a:
]heart
*tear作为动词时,发[ε?
]
7.-ei[ei]eight;weigh;weight
-ei[ai]height
-ei[i:
]receive
8.-ey重读[ei]they;hey;survey
-ey重读[i:
]key
-ey非重读[i]monkey;donkey;valley;volleyball
*-et非重读[it]pocket;ticket;rocket
9.-ew一般[ju:
]new;few;knew
-ew或者发[u:
]grew;threw
-ew还可以发[?
u]sew
10.-ege[id?
]college
11.-est[ist]biggest;modest;happiest;
12.词尾的-ed在浊音后[d]lived;studied
-ed在清音后[t]worked;finished
-ed在字母t或d后[id]wanted;needed
(三)元音字母i或y的组合
1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发[i:
]field;piece;achieve
-ie在词尾[ai]lie;die;tie
2.-igh(t)在重读音节[ai(t)]high;night;light;bright
3.-ir在重读音节[?
:
]girl;firm;circle;first;third
4.-ire在重读音节[‘ai?
]fire;tired;hire;retired;wire
5.-ild[aild]child;wild
6.-ind[aind]find;kind;mind;wind;(*但window[ind])
7.-ing[i?
]king;wing;sing;doing;making
8.-(a)tion[(ei)?
n]nation;pronunciation;information;composition
-stion[t?
n]question
-sion[?
n]或[?
n]mission使命;precision精密
9.-ye在词尾[ai]good-bye;bye-bye
10.-ist[ist]list;fist;
(四)元音字母o的组合
1.-oa在重音时[?
u]boat;coat;road;goat;toad
-oar在重音时[?
:
]blackboard;aboard
2.-oi,-oy在重音时[?
i]boiler;point;join;oil
boy;toy;joy;loyal
3.-oo一般[u:
]soon;too;zoo;room;noon;food;mood;boot;moon
*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短音。
如classroom[u]…等等。
在字母k或有时在t,d之前时[u]cook;look;book;took;foot;good;
4.-or在重音时[?
:
]for;horse;important;morning;born
-or在字母w后面[?
:
]work;word;world;worse;worth
(*但是wore,worn例外,均发[?
:
])
-or在非重音时[?
]monitor;doctor;professor;forget;
forwards;forgive;conductor
5.-oar一般[?
:
]board;aboard;blackboard
6.-oor一般[?
:
]或在美式英语里发[?
?
]door;floor
-oor还发[u?
]poor
7.-ore在重音时[?
:
]snore;more;before;foreign;forest
8.-ou一般[au]shout;loud;round;found
-ou还发[?
]country;countryside;trouble
-ou还发[u:
]wound;wounded
9.-ough(t)发[?
:
(t)]ought;brought;bought;fought;thought
(*例外:
cough[k?
f])
10.-oe[?
u]toe;hoe;Joe
11.-old[?
uld]old;hold;cold;told
12.-ost[?
ust]post;most;host;ghost(*例外cost[?
st])
13.-our在重音时[au]sour;our;hour;
还发[?
:
]four;course;pour
还发[u?
]tour;gourd
-our在词尾(非重音)[?
]colour;neighbour;favourite
14.-ow在重音时[au]now;cow;down;how;town
-ow在重音或非重音中[?
u]low;yellow;below;follow;grow
tomorrow;window;widow;know;show
(五)元音字母u的组合
1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或f之后,均发[u]
如:
full;bull;pull;push;bush
字母l,r或j+u构成的开音节,u发[u:
]rule;true;blue;June
2.-ue在词尾[ju:
]argue;continue
3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发[u:
]fruit;juice
-ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面的一个音节时发[i]
如:
build;guilty;biscuit
(*即就是说字母u不发音)
4.-ur在重音时[?
:
]turn;return;Thursday;nurse;purse
在非重音时[?
]surprise;Saturday
-ure在重音时[(j)u?
]pure[ju?
];manure[ju?
];sure[u?
]
-ture发[t?
?
]picture;future;mixture
(II)●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则
辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特殊的,下面试列举如下:
1.b在一般情况下[b]back;big;lab;brother
b和u在一起,u常发[i]building;build;busy
-bt一般[t]debt;doubt
2.c在字母e,i或y前面时[s]city;Bruce;juice;bicycle;face;central
c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[k]cup;cold;cattle;duck;
bicycle;cap;cut;class;
c在词尾时也发[k],但后面有e,那还发[s]gymnastic[k];music[k]
grace[s];Bruce[s]
-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前[k]occasion;according;occupy;acclaim
在元音字母e和i之前[ks]accent;success
-ci有时发[?
]social
-ch有三种音[t?
][k]或[?
]如下:
[t?
]China;rich;chick;chalk
[k]school;chemist;chemistry;chemical;ache;technology
[?
]machine;parachute;moustache
-tch[t?
]catch;match;fetch;hatch;butcher
-ck[k]duck;luck;ticket;pocket;black;cock
3.d在一般情况下[d]did;made;desk;duck;doubt;damage
-ds发[dz]birds;hands
dr在元音字母前[dr]dry;dress;driver;drill
-dge一般[d?
]bridge;fridge;judge;edge
4.f在一般情况下[f]five;flag;life;leaf
5.g在字母e,i或y前面[d?
]large;general;gymnastics;age;energy
*例外:
give;forgive;get;forget等,g都发[g]
在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前[g]goat;game;guard;ghost;glass
在词尾也发[g]big;egg;fig;flag
-gn[n],即g不发音foreign;sign;gnaw
-gh发[f]或[-](*既不发音)[-]high;thought;light;brought
[f]laugh;cough
-dge发[d?
]bridge;knowledge;judge
*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音guess;guest;guard;guide
而-gue在词尾发[g]league;colleague
6.h在一般情况下[h]help;behave;hello;hit;hurry
h在字母r或x后面不发音rhino;exhibition
XX文库-让每个人平等地提升自我7.j在一般情况下[d?
]joy;judge;injure;journey;January;jar;just
8.k在一般情况下[k]king;milk;kick;kiss;lock;knock
k后面是n时,k不发音,即kn发[n]knock;knee;know;knowledge;knife
9.l在元音字母前发[l](*即“勒”音,供参考)light;look;let;lab;live
l在辅音字母或词尾时发[l](*即“尔”音,供参考)cold;sell;chalk
10.m在一般情况下[m]meet;meat;mother;come;make;Tom
m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发[m]comb;tomb;climb;bomber
11.n在一般情况下[n]in;now;next;ton;nest
n在m后面时,n常不发音,即-mn发[m]autumn;column
但后面有后缀或构成合成词,则n还要发音的autumnal;columnist
-ng常发[?
]或[?
g]发[?
]sing;king;English;young
发[?
g]finger;younger;language
-nk常发[?
k]bank;sink;sank;sunk;ink;thank
12.p在一般情况下[p]map;cap;people;pest
-ph[f]photo;phantom;philosophy;physics;phrase
13.que在一般情况下[k]unique;cheque
qu一般发[kw]quarter;quick;quilt;quiet;quite;queen
14.r在元音字母前才发音[r](*即音同“略”供参考)room;read;rest;around
r在辅音字母或词尾前,一般不发音car;star;jar
rh在元音字母前只发[r]rhyme;rhino;rhetoric
15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者在词尾同时在短元音之后,一般发[s]
如:
see;some;set;sister;works;lips;newspaper;yes;this
注:
一条发音习惯,欧美人在发[s]音后面的清辅音时,习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅音(而书写音标的时候,还是写成清辅音),试举例如下:
如:
school---音标[sku:
l],而习惯念成[sgu:
l]
street---音标[stri:
t],而习惯念成[sdri:
t]
stubborn---音标[‘st?
bn],而习惯念成[‘sd?
bn]
student---音标[‘stju:
d?
nt],而习惯念成[‘sdju:
d?
nt]
space---音标[speis],而习惯念成[sbeis]
steal---音标[sti:
l],而习惯念成[sdi:
l]
就是这样,像这样的单词还有很多。
这里只列举这么多了。
s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间时,发[z]
如:
these;nose;lose;rise;wisdom;observe
词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后(即在浊音之后),发[z]
如:
pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;boys
词尾的s在长元音之后,发[z]hers;yours
s还可以发[?
]sure;Russia
-sh一般发[?
]sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;fish
-sch一般情况下[sk]school;scheme(计划)
-sion一般情况下[?
n]tension;succession
在元音字母后[?
n]decision;conclusion
-sure在元音字母后[?
?
]measure;pleasure
16..t在一般情况下[t]tooth;cat;teach;tool;hit
cut;let;ten;table;taste;
-th一般发[θ]或[?
],即发[θ]thin;tooth;youth;think;thigh
发[?
]that;with;this;these;those
-tr[tr]try;trust;trip;trouble;tree;street
-tion[?
n]information;organization;pronuncia
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