中科院考博英语真题及参考答案.docx
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中科院考博英语真题及参考答案.docx
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中科院考博英语真题及参考答案
中国科学院
博士研究生入学考试
英语试题
(2012年3月)
考生须知:
一、本试卷由试卷一(PAPERONE)和试卷二(PAPERTWO)两部分组成。
试卷一为客观题,答卷使用标准化机读答题纸;试卷二为主观题,答卷使用非机读答题纸。
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若因填涂不符合要求而导致计算机无法识别,责任由考生自负。
请保持机读答题纸清洁、无折皱。
答题纸切忌折叠。
三、全部考试时间总计180分钟,满分为100分。
时间及分值分布如下:
试卷一:
I词汇
15分钟
10分
II完形填空
15分钟
15分
III阅读
80分钟
40分
小计
110分钟
65分
试卷二:
IV英译汉
30分钟
15分
V写作
40分钟
20分
小计
70分钟
35分
GRADUATEUNIVERSITY,CHINESEACADEMY
OFSCIENCESENGLISHENTRANCE
EXAMINATION
FOR
PH.DPROGRAMME
March2012
PAPERONE
PARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach)
Directions:
Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
1.Ihadtomydesiretolaughwhilebeingscoldedbymysupervisor.
A.repress
B.depress
C.compress
D.distress
2.Alllivinglanguages,andEnglishseemstochangemorereadilythansomeothers.
A.evoke
B.evacuate
C.evolve
D.evade
3.HehasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationtomeandIhopethathewilltakeitas
awhenIsaythat.
A.compassion
B.compliment
C.complication
D.supplement
4.Thecurrentfinancialcrisisaholistic,globalapproachtodealwithallissues.
A.criesoutfor
B.getsholdof
C.boilsdownto
D.goesinfor
5.Ifyouseethatthestreetiswetinthemorning,youwouldthatitmusthaverainedduringthenight.
A.reduce
B.seduce
C.deduce
D.induce
6.Evenifsheisresponsibleforthemistake,sheisnotlikelytoit.
A.ownupto
B.liveupto
C.holdonto
D.getdownto
7.TheburstofgrowthandprosperityinAmericaafter1945hadsocialconsequencesthatwereanywhereintheworld.
A.unprecedented
B.unidentified
C.unaccountable
D.unremarkable
8.BuildingtheBird’sNestcallsforgiantcurvingbeamswhichcrisscrossinanpatternofwovensteel.
A.intuitive
B.intensive
C.intrinsic
D.intricate
9.SanFranciscowasbyaterribleearthquakeandfirein1906.
A.deprived
B.detained
C.devastated
D.deported
10.Comparedwithhis,Putinadoptedamoreactive,flexibleandpragmaticforeignpolicy.
A.ancestor
B.predecessor
C.forerunner
D.pioneer
11.Weareapeacefulcommunitybutwecannotandallowthepeopleresponsibletodestroythefabricofoursociety.
A.startup
B.startoff
C.startby
D.stickout
12.Languagemaybeofasaprocesswhicharisesfromsocialinteraction.
A.comprised
B.conceived
C.disposed
D.deprived
13.Older,lessdogmatictheoriesbetterexplainedhowtheproblemsinthefinancialdraggeddowntherestoftheeconomy.
A.charter
B.session
C.chapel
D.sector
14.Theseresultsshouldnotbetakenatface—carefulanalysisisrequiredtoassesstheirfullimplications.
A.revenue
B.expense
C.price
D.value
15.Researchersarelookingfornewwaystotheproblem.
A.abridge
B.approach
C.condense
D.dispose
16.Manywritingexpertsthinkthatintonationisusedtoourfeelingsandattitudes;thesamesentencecanbesaidindifferentways.
A.convey
B.convict
C.conform
D.conduct
17.Medicalstudentslearntodistinguish“acute,”whichmeanssomethingofrecentonset,from“chronic,”whichmeansaconditionthatwillprobablycontinueforaperiodoftime.
A.gloomy
B.temporary
C.tough
D.substantial
18.ByanalyzingthemodernexpansionofWesternculture,thisarticleconcludesthatitisofpracticalsignificancetothedominantpositionofChinesenationalculture.
A.recall
B.retort
C.restore
D.retard
19.Therearefew,ifany,countriesintheworldinwhichsportsnationallifetothedegreethattheydointheUS.
A.permeate
B.overwhelm
C.submerge
D.immerse
20.Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesishispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.
A.onconditionof
B.inlinewith
C.atoddswith
D.indisguiseof
PARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
Therehavebeenfiveextinctionwavesintheplanet’shistory—includingthePermianextinction250millionyearsago,21anestimated70%ofalllandanimalsand96%ofallmarinecreaturesvanished.Thesamplepollingofanimalpopulationssofarsuggeststhatwemayhaveentered22willbetheplanet’ssixthgreatextinctionwave.
Forestsrazedcangrowback,pollutedairandwatercanbecleaned—but23isforever.Andwe’renottalkingaboutlosingjustafewspecies.Infact,conservationistsquietly24thatwe’veenteredanageoftriage(治疗类选法),whenwemighthavetodecidewhichspeciescantrulybe25.Theworst-casescenariosofhabitat26andclimatechange—andthat’sthepathwayweseemtobe27—showtheplanetlosinghundredsofthousandstomillionsofspecies,28ofwhichwehaven’tevendiscoveredyet.
So29youcareabouttigersandelephants,rhinosandorangutans,thenyoushouldbescared.But30shouldn’tleaveusparalyzed.InhotspotslikeMadagascarandBrazil,conservationistsareworkingwithlocalsontheground,31thattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesistiedtothewelfareofthepeoplewholiveclosesttothem.Astrategyknownasavoideddeforestationgoes32,encouragingenvironmentalprotection33puttingapriceonthecarbonlockedinrainforestsandallowingcountriestotradecreditsinaninternationalmarket,34thatthecarbonstaysintheforestandistheforestandisnotcutorburned.It’s35thatanyofthiswillstopthesixthextinctionwave,letalonepreservethebiodiversitywestillenjoy,butwehavenochoicebuttry.
21.A.when
B.because
C.there
D.so
22.A.that
B.what
C.when
D.which
23.A.earth
B.population
C.evolution
D.extinction
24.A.commit
B.acknowledge
C.rebuke
D.deny
25.A.sampled
B.surveyed
C.saved
D.tested
26.A.loss
B.shift
C.formation
D.exclusion
27.A.above
B.on
C.over
D.off
28.A.none
B.any
C.many
D.all
29.A.that
B.since
C.if
D.while
30.A.fear
B.rumors
C.species
D.climate
31.A.ensure
B.ensuring
C.ensured
D.havingensured
32.A.tougher
B.worse
C.further
D.closer
33.A.about
B.in
C.for
D.by
34.A.considering
B.indicating
C.supposed
D.provided
35.A.uncertain
B.unaware
C.unpleasant
D.unsuitable
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA(60minutes,30points)
Directions:
Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Likesomanythingsofvalue,truthisnotalwayseasytocomeby.Whatweregardastrueshapesourbeliefs,attitudes,andactions.Yetwecanbelievethingsthathavenobasisinfact.Peoplearecapableofembracinghorrificpreceptsthatseemincredibleinretrospect.InNaziGermany,AdolfHitlerhadmillionsoffollowerswhoacceptedhisdelusionsaboutracialsuperiority.AsVoltaireputitlongbeforeHitler’stime,“Thosewhocanmakeyoubelieveabsurditiescanmakeyoucommitatrocities.”
Wearesurroundedbyillusions,somecreateddeliberately.Theymaybesubtleormayaffectusprofoundly.Someillusions,suchasfilmsandnovels,weseekoutandappreciate.Otherscanmakeusmiserableandevenkillus.Weneedtoknowifparticularfoodsthattasteperfectlyfinecanhurtusintheshortterm(aswithSalmonellacontamination)orinthelongterm(cholesterol),whetheraprevalentvirusissodangerousthatweshouldavoidpublicplaces,andwhatproblemsapoliticalcandidatemaycauseorresolveifelected.Gaininginsightsaboutthetruthoftenisachallenge,andmisconceptionscanbedifficulttorecognize.
Weoftenbelievestoriesbecausetheyaretheonesavailable.MostpeoplewouldidentifyThomasEdisonastheinventoroftheincandescentlightbulb.AlthoughEdisonperfectedacommerciallysuccessfuldesign,hewasprecededintheexperimentationbyBritishinventorsFrederickdeMoleynsandJosephSwan,andbyAmericanJ.WStarr.
Thebiggestenemiesoftruthare:
peoplewhosejobistosellusincompleteversionsoftheavailablefacts,ourwillingnesstobelievewhatwewhatwantandthesimpleabsenceofaccurateinformation.Companiesadvertisingproductsontelevisiondonotdescribetheadvantagesoftheircompetitors’productsanymorethanamanaskingawomantomarryhimencourageshertodateothermenbeforemakinguphermind.Itisasocialrealitythatpeopleencourageoneanotheroneanothertomakeimportantdecisionswithlimitedfacts.
Technologyhassimplifiedandcomplicatedthefact-gatheringprocess.TheInternetallowsustocheckfactsmoreeasily,butitalsodisbursesmisinformation.Similarly,abeliefthatvideosandphotosnecessarilyrepresentrealityignoreshoweasilytheycanbedigitallyaltered.Unquestioningrelianceonsuchformsofmediamakesusmoresusceptibletomanipulators:
thosewhowanttodeceivecandazzleuswithamodemversionofsmokeandmirrors.
36.AccordingtoVoltaire,.
A.Hitlerwasobsessedwithviolence
B.irrationalideasmaybespreadwidely
C.irrationalideasmayleadtoviolence
D.Hitlerwasmisledbyracism
37.Paragraph2showsthat.
A.truthishardtogetduetomisconceptions
B.publichealthdeservesmuchattention
C.
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