全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题.docx

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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一真题

2020年英语一真题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation’sgreattraditions:

theSundayroast.1acoldwinter'sday,fewculinarypleasurescan2it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis3shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure4todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority（FSA）has5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompoundcalledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked6hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeopleshould7crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly8toasttheirbread.Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?

9studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno10evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis11tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof12theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14,itwasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea15.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe16uponSundayalongsidesomesteamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?

17,theFSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.However,their19riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscaresjust20withnoonelistening.

1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till

2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence

3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern

4.[A]intensified [B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

5.[A]issued [B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

6.[A]under [B]at[C]for [D]by

7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid

8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]initially

9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While 

10.[A]secondary[B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative

11.[A]insufficient [B]bound[C]likely[D]slow

12.[A]Onthebasisof[B]Atthecostof [C]Inadditionto[D]Incontrastto

13.[A]interesting[B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate

14.[A]Asusual[B]Inparticular[C]Bydefinition[D]Afterall

15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern

16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used

17.[A]Tobefair[B]Forinstance [C]Tobebrief[D]Ingeneral

18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully

19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition

20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstituteaUK“townofculture”award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017,andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.CooperandhercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestmentandanavalancheofarts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain’stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitors.Atownofcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:

aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow-villageofculture?

Suburbofculture?

Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculture”washesinandwashesoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.Thereallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbringinhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.Butitcanbedone:

Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofacomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown’speculiarities—helpingsustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeople.JeremyWright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andturnitintoaction.

21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould

[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

[B]promotecooperation-amongBritain’stowns.

[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.

[D]focusBritain’slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas

[A]asensiblecompromise.

[B]aself-deceivingattempt.

[C]aneye-catchingbonus.

[D]aninaccessibletarget.

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.

[B]meetstheaspirationofitspeople.

[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.

[D]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.

24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent

[A]acontrastingcase.

[B]asupportingexample.

[C]abackgroundstory.

[D]arelatedtopic.

25.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?

[A]Skeptical.

[B]Objective.

[C]Favourable.

[D]Critical.

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperationsatatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,anthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:

eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotyetworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofprepringanarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000,andapparentlytheworkgetsmoreexpensivethemorethatpublishersdoit.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.

Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:

labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney”partlybecause

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

[D]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]Relieved.

[B]Puzzled.

[C]Concerned.

[D]Encouraged.

29.Itcanbele