词汇学练习.docx
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词汇学练习.docx
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词汇学练习
●注意a-,in-,(il-,im-,ir-),non-,un-等前缀的使用.
“negative”prefixes表示否定意义的前缀
a-amoral与道德无关的,apolitical不关心政治的、无政治意义的
dis-disloyal,disobey,disclose,discredit,discourteous,disregard,disprove,dissimilar,
in-injustice,incorrect,inconsiderate,inconsistent,inaccuracy,
il-illegal,illegalize,
ir-irresistible,irrational,irregular
im-immature,imbalance,impossible,impassive
non-noncontentious,non-classical,nonbusiness,
un-unwrap,unexpected,unfriendly,unfair,unendurable,unfavorable,unreasonable,unremarked
●meaningsofrootsandprefixes
ex-out:
express
post-after:
postgraduate
ante-before:
antecedent
over-beyond:
overwork
mis-bad:
misbehave
pre-before:
prepare
over-excessive:
overweight超重,overflow溢出,overwork,
overleap越过,overrun超过,泛滥
sub-below:
subheading副标题,subdue征服,抑制,
subscribe
en-in:
enclose
in-in:
include
super-abovesuperman
mal-wrongly:
maltreat
ultra-extreme:
ultra-conservative极端保守
anti- against:
anti-nuclear反核武器的, anti-government反政府的,
contra- against :
contraflow 逆流,contradict反驳,否定,与。
。
抵触
counter- against:
counterattack 反击,反攻,counteract抵消,中和,
co- with :
cooperate ,
●
1.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis_____.(A)
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
2.Theformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclassiscalled______.(D)
A.prefixationB.suffixation
C.acronymyD.conversion
3.Peoplechangeword-meaningowingtovarious______motives:
love,respect,courtesy,suspicion,pessimism,sarcasm,irony,contempt,hatred,etc.(A)
A.psychologicalB.social
C.communicativeD.lexical
4.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/s/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______.(B)
A.packsB.bags
C.cheatsD.ships
5.Thedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints____.(D)
(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage
(2)asoundunity
(3)aunitofmeaning
(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence
A.
(1)and
(2)B.
(1)
(2)and(3)
C.
(2)(3)and(4)D.
(1)
(2)(3)and(4)
6.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.(A)
A.back-formationB.clipping
C.blendingD.suffixation
7.Inanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappearsandisknownas______context.(B)
A.non-linguisticB.linguistic
C.grammaticalD.lexical
C.theWestAsiaD.America
8.Whatisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages?
(D)
A.Suffixation.B.Variation.
C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.
9.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemainfunctionsofverbalcontext?
(D)
A.Eliminationofambiguity.
B.Indicationforreferents.
C.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.
D.Alltheabove.
10.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularycanbedividedintothefollowingparticularhistoricalperiodEXCEPT______.(C)
A.OldEnglishB.MiddleEnglish
C.NewEnglishD.ModernEnglish
11.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis____.(A)
A.morphemeB.affixes
C.rootD.stem
12.Thereis/are______monomorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:
hot,dog,feet,matches.(B)
A.1B.2
C.3D.4
13.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough_____.(A)
A.affixationB.clipping
C.compoundingD.shortening
14.Want,wish,likeanddesirearesynonyms,butasfarasintensityisconcerned,______isthestrongestofall.(D)
A.wishB.LikeC.wantD.desire
15.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis_____.(A)
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
16."Fleshandblood"isanidiom______innature.(B)
A.verbalB.nominal
C.adjectivalD.adverbial
17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafigureofspeech?
(D)
A.Metaphor.B.Personification.
C.Euphemism.D.Shortening.
18.Neverdothingsbyhalvesisa(n)______.(C)
A.verbalidiominnatureB.nominalidiominnature
C.sentenceidiomD.adverbialidiominnature
19.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,and______.(A)
A.IndiaB.theFarEast
20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutextra-linguisticcontext?
(A)
A.Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.
B.Itreferstophysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.
C.Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.
D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.
21.Americandictionariesgenerallyuse______tomarkthepronunciation.(D)
A.BritishPhoneticAlphabetB.AmericanPhoneticAlphabet
C.InternationalPhoneticAlphabetD.Webster'sPhoneticAlphabet
22.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT______.(C)
A.bedsB.BagsC.cheatsD.bottles
23.Theword"prisoner"comprises______morphemes.(B)
A.1B.2C.3D.4
24.ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT______.(D)
A.rereadB.PrewarC.bloodyD.harder
25.Theprefix"over-"intheword"overweight"isaprefixof______.(B)
A.orientationandattitudeB.degreeorsize
C.timeandorderD.number
26.Usagenotesofthedictionaryexplain______.(D)
A.theslightdifferencebetweenwordsofsimilarmeanings
B.difficultpointsofgrammarandstyle
C.importantBritishandAmericandifferences
D.alltheabove
27.Thesuffixesinwordsheighten,symbolizeare__B______.
A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixes
C.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes
28.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled______.(A)
A.back-formationB.AcronymyC.conversionD.clipping
29.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto______.(A)
A.grammaticalstructureB.Hyponymy
C.culturalinfluenceD.non-linguisticcontext
30.Therearefivetypesofmeaningchangesandamongwhich______arethemost
common. (D)
A.degradationandelevationB.transferandextension
C.elevationandnarrowingD.extensionandnarrowing
●GivetheAmericanEnglishformofeachword.
示例如下:
1.Dialogue:
dialog2.centre:
center_
参考资料:
1,英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除。
英语拼法
美语拼法
公斤
kilogramme
kilogram
方案
programme
program
catalogue
catalog
对话
dialogue
dialog
序言
prologue
prolog
2,英语中的以-our结尾的单词,在美语中删去了不发音的字母u。
英语拼法
美语拼法
举止、行为
behaviour
behavior
颜色
colour
color
特别喜爱的
favourite
favorite
风味
flavour
flavor
荣誉
honour
honor
劳动
labour
labor
3,英语中以-re结尾,读音为[2]的单词,在美语中改为-er结尾,读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
中心
centre
center
纤维
fibre
fiber
公尺
metre
meter
剧场
theatre
theater
4,英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词,在美语中改为-ense结尾,读音仍为[ns]。
英语拼法
美语拼法
防御
defence
defense
犯法行为
offence
offense
执照
licence
license
托词
pretence
pretense
5,英语中以-ise结尾的动词,美语中则拼作-ize。
英语拼法
美语拼法
批评
criticise
criticize
组织
organise
organize
实现
realise
realize
辨认
recognise
recognize
使标准化
standardise
standardize
6,英语中以双写-ll-拼写的部分词,在美语中只有一个-l-,例如:
英语拼法
美语拼法
顾问
counsellor
counselor
珠宝商
jeweller
jeweler
奇异的
marvellous
marvelous
包裹
parcelled
parceled
旅行
travelling
traveling
7,英语中以-xion结尾的词,美语中拼作-ction,读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
联系
connexion
connection
弯曲
inflexion
inflection
反射
reflexion
reflection
●Idioms
1.cryforthemoon异想天开
2.useeverytrickinthebook使出各种绝招,使出浑身解数
3.toputthecartbeforethehorse本末倒置
4.makeshortworkof迅速完成;轻松解决
5.toturnupone’snoseat瞧不起;嗤之以鼻
6.firstandforemost首要的是
7.partandparcel重要部分
8.jointhemajority离开;去世
9.dineandwine吃喝
10.followthemajority从众
11.Tomeetone’sWaterloo一败涂地
12.AnIndiansummer小阳春
13.Fortywinks白天小睡
14.Allgoodthingscometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席
15.cutandrun开溜;临阵脱逃
16.Diamondcutsdiamond.棋逢对手
17.onceinabluemoon千载难逢
18.Achilles’heel致命弱点
19.letbygonesbebygones既往不咎
20.Goldcan\'tbepureandmancan\'tbeperfect.金无足赤,人无完人
21.gaininbothfameandwealth名利双收
22.robPetertopayPaul拆东墙补西墙
23.wearandtear损坏;损耗
24.timeandtidewaitfornoman岁月不饶人
25.Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌
26.Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见
27.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystart.笨鸟先飞
28.whitenight 不眠之夜
29.Nodiscord,noconcord.不打不成交
30.Abirdmaybeknownbyitssong.什么鸟唱什么歌。
31.Onecan'tmakebrickswithoutstraw.巧妇难为无米之炊
32.thehighesteminenceistobegainedstepbystep千里之行始于足下
33.Pastexperience,ifnotforgotten,isaguideforthefuture.前事不忘,后事之师
●GREGraduateRecordExamination
CETCollegeEnglishTest
MBAMasterofBusinessAdministration
PETSPublicEnglishTestSystem
CEOChiefExecutiveOfficer
CPUcentralprocessingunit
ITInformationtechnology
ATMAutomaticTellerMachine
ELTEnglishLanguageTeaching
SOSSaveourship
VIPveryimportantperson
DIYDoityourself
TOFELTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage
ROMreadonlymemory只读存储器
NATOTheNorthAtlanticTreatyorganization
FIFAFederationInternationaledeFootball
AidsAcquiredImmuneDeficiencysyndrome
radarRadiodetectingandranging
●True
1.Thereisaninflectionalmorphemeintheword“shorter”.
2.LongmanDictionaryofPhrasalVerbsisaspecializeddictionary.
3.Morphemesareabstractunits,whicharerealizedinspeechbydiscreteunitsknownasmo
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