培训资料9之动词不定式.docx
- 文档编号:12371057
- 上传时间:2023-04-18
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:31.18KB
培训资料9之动词不定式.docx
《培训资料9之动词不定式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《培训资料9之动词不定式.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
培训资料9之动词不定式
非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)
一、动词不定式
不定式
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
Todo
Tobedone
动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
Tobedoing
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
Tohavedone
Tohavebeendone
动作发生在谓语动作之前
不定式结构有五种形式,在英语句子当中,他们分别可以充当主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,和补语六种成分。
下面我们分别来看看不定式的用法。
一)、不定式结构作主语
Toseeonetimeisbetterthantohearahundredtimes.Toperseveremeansvictory!
注①:
在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,为了避免头重脚轻,我们常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:
It’snecessarytodiscusstheproblemwithanexperiencedteacher.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.
Ittookusfivehourstogetthere.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat
.
注③:
不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由“for+名词词组”来表示,如:
Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.Itwasdifficultformetodothework.
如果形容词是表明主语的品质特征,我们常常用”of+名词词组”,如:
It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.
It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.Itwascarelessofhertomakesuchamistake.
1.It’simportantforthefiguresregularly.(11北京)
A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdated
C.toupdateD.tohaveupdated
二)、不定式结构作动词宾语
1.“动词+带to的不定式结构”。
这类动词常见的有:
afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:
I’vearrangedtomeethimatteno’clock.Ididn’texpecttofindyouhere.
2.“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式结构”。
(这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句)。
这类动词常见的有:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget,inquire,know,explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。
疑问词(也称连接代/副词)有:
what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),如:
Idon’tknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.
Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wheretoputit.
2.Hetolduswhether_________apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.(09四川)
A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had
3.Passengersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.(11天津)
A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
4.Davidthreatenedhisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.(09上海)
A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported
5.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.(09重庆)
A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing
注①:
如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语,则应使用先行it,把不定式后置,例如:
Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.
Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.
注②:
不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语,只有在个别场合,即在含有否定意义的带有介词except或but(=except)的结构中才能这样用,但是在这样的句型中。
遵循前有do后省to,前无do后加to的原则。
Heseldomcomesexcepttolookatmypictures.Thechilddidnothingexceptweep.
Shecandoanythingbutsing.Hewilldoanythingforyouexceptlendyoumoney.
Theycoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoarrive.Shehasnochoicebuttowaituntilhecomes.
注意不定式符号的省略问题!
三)、不定式结构作表语
1.主语和表语都是不定式,其两者结构必须保持一致,如:
Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Toseeistobelieve.
2.主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组,或以what引导的名词性从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:
Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.
Mysuggestionistostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.
在某些句型中,当主语部分有动作动词do时,作表语的不定式可以省略符号“to”,如:
Allwehavetodoispushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.
AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.
四)、不定式结构作定语
1.不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后,如:
It’stimetogotobed.notamantobowbeforedifficulties.
Haveyouanythingtodeclare?
usuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.
Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthevocation.
2.能带不定式结构作宾语的动词,转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语,如:
Idon’twishtoquarrelwithyou.→Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.
Theywillattempttocrosstherivertonight.→Theywillmakeanotherattempttocrosstherivertonight.
Shepromisednottodothatagain.→Shemadeapromisenottodothatagain.
3.某些能带不定式结构作状语的形容词,转化成名词时,也能带不定式结构作定语,如:
Hewasobviouslyanxioustogo.→Hisanxietytogowasobvious.
4.不定式结构与所修饰的名词,有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系,如:
Hehasalargefamilytosupport(=thathemustsupport).
注:
果不定式是不及物动词,它后面应加上必要的介词,如:
Shehasalotofthingstoattendto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafter.
Let’sfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsin.
5.有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系,可以在不定式之前加上for+名词词组,如:
Here’sabookforyoutoread.Hegaveordersforthevisitorstobeshownin.
17.Theabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(11湖南)
A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed
18.Ihavealotofreadingsbeforetheendofthisterm.(10山东)
A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted
19.Hisfirstbooknextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(10全国Ⅱ)
A.publishedB.tobepublishedC.topublishD.beingpublished
20.Thaiistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.
A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce
21.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant.(10四川)
A.todealwithB.dealingwithC.tobedealtwithD.dealtwith
22.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheonefirstisthelibrary.(10重庆)
A.repairedB.beingrepairedC.repairingD.toberepaired
24.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewwithallbyourselveseveryday.(09重庆)
A.dealB.dealtC.todealD.dealing
25.Weareinvitedtoaparty________inourclubnextFriday.(08山东)
A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holding
26.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstationinformationinamoreeffectiveway.(08北京)
A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent
27.Ifthereisalotofwork,I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished(08上海)
A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing
28.---Thelastone________paysthemeal.
---Agreed!
(07全国I)
A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving
五)、不定式结构作状语
不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
1.表示目的:
Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.eboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.
Hewenthometoseehismother.
注①:
不定式结构表示目的时,通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语(参见以上三句),但也有例外的情况,例如:
Istoppedforhimtospeaktome.penedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.
Hebroughtaportertocarrytheboxes/bags.sentamantomendthewindow.
注②:
为了强调表示目的的不定式结构,特别是在不定式结构前有否定词not时,通常可以在不定式符号to之前加上inorder或soas,如:
HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.shoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.
Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.turnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhim.
注③:
表示目的的不定式可以置于句首,这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。
但是,置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上inorder,但却不可以加上soas,如:
Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen(Inordertodrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.)
Togetthebestresults,usecleanwater.
2.表示结果:
WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?
cameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.
不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型:
① so…asto…
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?
② such(…)asto…
I’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.
③ enoughto…
Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.
④ too…to…
Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.
注意:
下列句子中的不表示结果,也无否定含义:
I’monlytoogladtogo.(=I’mverygladtogo.)
Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome.(=Ishallbeverypleasedtogethome.)
〖onlytoo(adv.)极;非常;太;很〗
☆☆有时,不定式结构还能表示一个随后发生的动作,相当于一个并列限定动词词组,这种不定式结构也表示结果,如:
Shewokeearlytofinditwasraining.Hegothometolearnthathisfatherwasill.
1,表示的结果往往含有“令人意想不到”的意味,其中以“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。
(有时也可以表示令人愉快、惊喜的结果),如:
HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.
2,之前有时可以加上only或butonly,以加强语气,如:
Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.
Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.
注:
不定式结构表示结果或表示目的,往往形式相似,这时,须根据词汇意义认真加以区别,试比较:
Hearrivedlatetofindtheothershadgonehome.(=Hearrivedlateandfoundtheothershadgonehome.)
HearrivedlatetoavoidmeetingRobert.(=HearrivedlateinordertoavoidmeetingRobert.)
Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.
Hewenttothestationtoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.(=Hewenttothestationinordertoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.)
3.表示原因:
(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)
Shewepttohearthenews.Ipretendtobehappytoknowhim.
Helaughedtoseesuchfun.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.
29.Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecitybytheirenthusiasticsupporters.(11浙江)
A.beingcheeredB.becheeredC.tobecheeredD.werecheered
30.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproducedpeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.(11重庆)
A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised
31.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(11四川)
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
32.高☆考♂资♀源€网333WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank
presentsformydad.
A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought
33.Wewereastonishedthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(10辽宁)
A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound
34.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting.(10江西)
A.todiscoverB.tobediscoveredC.discoveredD.beingdiscovered
35.,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.(09辽宁)
A.BeingawinnerB.Tobeawinner
C.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner
36.theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.(09天津)
A.CompetingB.Havingcompleted
C.TohavecompletedD.Tocomplete
37.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpecte
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 培训资料 动词 不定式