土木工程毕业设计外文翻译拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析.docx
- 文档编号:1236379
- 上传时间:2022-10-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:73.87KB
土木工程毕业设计外文翻译拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析.docx
《土木工程毕业设计外文翻译拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《土木工程毕业设计外文翻译拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
土木工程毕业设计外文翻译拱桥的设计和桥梁裂缝产生的原因分析
本科毕业设计
中英文翻译
专业名称:
土木工程
年级班级:
XXX
学生姓名:
XXX
指导教师:
XXX
土木工程学院
二○一二年六月一日
Designofarchbridgesandthebridgecrack
producedthereasontosimplyanalyse
Thischapterconsidersthefullrangeofarchbridgetypesandarangeofmaterialspresentingseveralcasestudiesanddescribingthedesigndecisionsthatweremade.Ageneraltreatmentoftheanalysisofarchesispresented,includingthederivationofthebasicequationsthatcanbeusedtoundertakehandcalculationswhichmaybeusedtovalidatecomputeranalysisoutput.Detailedarchbridgedesignisoutsidethescopeofthischaptersoonlygeneralissuesarediscussed.Mostofthechapterisdevotedtomasonryarchbridges.Masonryarchbridgeconstructionisdiscussedinitshistoricalcontextandtheimportanceforengineerstotakeaholisticapproachtobridgeassessmentanddesignisemphasized.Thereisasignificantsectiononbridgeassessmentwhichincludesguidanceintheapplicationofcurrentandemergingassessmentmethods.Thisisunderpinnedwithbackgroundinformationregardingthematerialpropertiesofmasonry.Thechapterconcludeswithatreatmentofrepairandmaintenancestrategiesincludingacomprehensivetablewhichconsiderscommonremedialandstrengtheningmeasures.
Theoriginsoftheuseofarchesasastructuralforminbuildingscanbetracedbacktoantiquity(VanBeek,1987).IntryingtoarriveatasuitabledefinitionforanarchwemaylooknofurtherthanHooke’sanagramof1675whichstated‘Utpendetcontinuumflexile,sicstabatcontinuumrigiduminversum’–‘ashangstheflexibleline,sobutinvertedwillstandtherigidarch’.Thissuggeststhatanygivenloadingtoaflexiblecableiffrozenandinvertedwillprovideapurelycompressivestructureinequilibriumwiththeappliedload.Clearly,anyslightvariationintheloadingwillresultinamomentbeinginducedinthearch.Itisarrivingatappropriateproportionsofarchthicknesstoaccommodatetherangeofeccentricitiesofthethrustlinethatisthechallengetothebridgeengineer.EvenintheMiddleAgesitwasappreciatedthatmasonryarchesbehavedessentiallyasgravitystructures,forwhichgeometryandproportiondictatedaestheticappealandstability.Compressivestrengthcouldberelieduponwhilsttensilestrengthcouldnot.Baseduponexperience,manyempiricalrelationshipsbetweenthespanandarchthicknessweredevelopedandappliedsuccessfullytoproducemanyelegantstructuresthroughoutEurope.
Theexpansionoftherailwayandcanalsystemsledtoanexplosionofbridgebuilding.Brickworkarchesbecameincreasinglypopular.WiththeconstructionoftheCoalbrookdaleBridge(1780)aneweraofarchbridgeconstructionbegan.Bytheendofthenineteenthcenturycastiron,wroughtironandfinallysteelbecameincreasinglypopular;onlytobechallengedbyferrocement(reinforcedconcrete)attheturnofthecentury.
Duringthenineteenthcenturyanalyticaltechniquedevelopedapace.Inparticular,Castigliano(1879)developedstrainenergytheoremswhichcouldbeappliedtoarchesprovidedtheyremainedelastic.Thisconditioncouldbesatisfiedprovidedthelineofthrustlaywithinthemiddlethird,thusensuringthatnotensilestresseswereinduced.Therequirementtoavoidtensilestressesonlyappliedtomasonryandcastiron;itdidnotapplytosteelorreinforcedconcrete(ortimberforthatmatter)asthesematerialswerecapableofresistingtensilestresses.
Twentiethcenturyarchbridgeshavebecomeincreasinglysophisticatedstructurescombiningmodernmaterialstocreateexcitingfunctionalurbansculptures.
Typesofarchbridge
TherelevanttermsthatareusedtodescribethevariouspartsofanarchbridgeareshowninFigure1.Archesmaybegroupedaccordingtothefollowingparameters:
1.thematerialsofconstruction
2.thestructuralarticulation
3.theshapeofthearch
Historically,archbridgesareassociatedwithstonemasonry.Thisgavewaytobrickworkinthenineteenthcentury.Becausethesewereproportionedtominimisethepossibilityoftensilestress,theytendtobefairlymassivestructures.Bycomparisontheuseofreinforcedconcreteandmodernstructuralsteelgivestheopportunityforslender,elegantarches.
Nowadays,timberisrestrictedtosmallbridgesoccasionallyinatrussformbutmoreusuallyaslaminatedcurvedarches.Althoughtimberhasahighstrengthtodensityratioparalleltothegrain,itisanisotropicandstrengthpropertiesperpendiculartothegrainarerelativelyweak.Thisrequirescarefuldetailingofconnectionstoensureeconomicuseofthematerial.
Withregardtostructuralarticulationthearchcanbefixedorhinged.Inthelattercaseeitherone,twoorthreehingescanbeincorporatedintothearchrib.Whilstthefixedarchhasthreeredundancies,theintroductionofeachhinger
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 土木工程 毕业设计 外文 翻译 拱桥 设计 桥梁 裂缝 产生 原因 分析
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)