初四英语21.docx
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初四英语21.docx
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初四英语21
初四首轮复习之点击中考4
【语法扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:
1.定语从句的功用和结构
2.关系代词和关系副词的功用
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【精析精讲】
一.定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
例如:
Thisisthepresentthathegavemeformybirthday.
Doyouknoweverybodywhocametotheparty?
IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?
ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.
二.关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。
关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。
1.作主语:
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。
例如:
Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.
ThecarswhichareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.
2.作宾语:
SheisthepersonthatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.
Thebookthatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.
3.作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
例如:
What’sthenameoftheyoungmanwhosesisterisadoctor?
Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.
4.作状语
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.
三.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:
Thepersonwhobrokethewindowmustpayforit.
Theboywhoiswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。
例如:
Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?
MrLee(whom)youwanttoseehascome.
3.whose指人,在定语从句中作定语。
例如:
Thegirlwhosemotherisillisstayingathometoday.
Iknowtheboywhosefatherisaprofessor.
4.which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。
例如:
Adictionaryisabookwhichgivesthemeaningofwords.
Hereisthebook(which)theteachermentionedyesterday.
5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
例如:
I’vereadthenewspaperthat(which)carriestheimportantnews.
Whoisthepersonthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
6.when指时间,在定语从句中作状语。
例如:
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.
HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.
7.where指地点,在定语从句中作状语。
例如:
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.
Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.
四.关系代词whom,which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroom
whichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1.只能使用that,不用which的情况:
(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。
例如:
Allthathesaidistrue.
(2)先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。
例如:
Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
例如:
Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.
(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。
例如:
Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2.只能用which,不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从中。
例如:
Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。
例如:
Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.
【中考范例】
1.(2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Doestheteacherknoweverybody_______plantedthetrees?
---Yes,hedoes.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who
2.(2004年常州市中考试题)
Theletter_______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that
3.(2004年扬州市中考试题)
---Whereisthescientist________gaveusthetalkyesterday?
---HehasgonebacktoQinghuaUniversity.
A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which
4.(2004年益阳市中考试题)
Ihatepeople_______talkmuchbutdolittle.
A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who
【满分演练】
一.单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.
A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace _____Ihaveevervisited.
A.there B.when C.where D.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which
11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.
A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where
13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
二.用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.
3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.
4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.
6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.
7.Themanwavedtous.Themanwasmyuncle.
8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.
9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.
10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.
三.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.
2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.
4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.
8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.
交际英语专题训练
()1.–Youlookveryniceindarkblue.--_______.
A.Idon’tmindB.No,notatallC.That’sallrightD.Thankyou
()2.–Iwonthehighjumpyesterday.--_______.
A.It’sasmallthingB.That’sallC.IhopesoD.Congratulationstoyou.
()3.–Waiter!
--_______?
--Ican’teatthis.It’stoosweet.
A.OKB.AllrightC.YesD.Pardon.
()4.–Wouldyoulikesomemore?
--_______.I’mfull.
A.Yes,pleaseB.I’dlovetoC.No,Iwouldn’tD.No,thanks
()5.–I’mgoingtoHawaiiwithmyauntthismonthformyholiday.--______!
A.Haveagoodtime.B.Bestwishestoyou.C.CongratulationsD.Pleasego
()6.–Yourdressisjustwonderful!
--______.
A.Youareright,thankyou.B.Thankyou,andyou
C.No,no,yoursisbestD.Thankyou.I’mgladtohearthat
()7.–Excuseme!
--_______?
--AreyouMrSmith?
A.WhoB.WhatC.YesD.Me
()8.–I’vegotanofferinNewYork.–Oh,_______!
ButI’mgoingtomissyou.
A.that’stoobadB.I’msorryC.IbegyourpardonD.that’sgreat
()9.–Thankyoueversomuchforpresentyousentme.--______.
A.Pleasedon’tsaysoB.It’snotsogood,Ithink
C.No,thanksD.I’mgladyoulikeit
()10.–Aren’tyoutired,Kate?
--______.Ilikegoingshopping.
A.NotatallB.I’msosorryC.You’rewelcomeD.Yes,ofcourse
()11.–Happybirthdaytoyou!
--______!
A.HappybirthdaytoyouB.I’mverygladC.That’sallrightD.Thankyou
()12.–IhavepassedtheEnglishexam.--_______.Congratulations!
A.SorryB.BadluckC.ComeonD.Welldone
()13.–You’vegivenusawonderfulChinesedinner,MrsHuang.--______.
A.Oh,I’mafraidIdidn’tcookwellB.I’mgladyouenjoyedit
C.It’snotnecessaryforyoutosaysoD.Itdoesn’tmatter
()14.–Couldyoucome,please?
Iwantsomehelp.--_______.
A.Sure.I’mcomingnowB.You’rewelcomeC.Yes,IcouldD.That’sright
()15.–Howistheweathertoday?
--It’s______.
A.sunnyB.SundayC.June26D.Seveno’clock
()16.–Canyoustayherelonger?
--______,butIhavetobebacktomorrow.
A.NoproblemB.I’mafraidnotC.I’dlovetoD.No,thankyou
()17.–Haveagoodjourneyhome,David.--______.
A.ThankyouB.WhatapityC.WelldownD.You’dbetternottalk
()18.–Hello.MayIspeaktoMike?
--______.Pleasecallbacklater.
A.WaitaminuteB.HoldonforamomentC.SpeakingD.Sorry,heisout
()19.–Shallwegoskatingtomorrow?
--______.
A.YouareallrightB.It’sverykindofyouC.You’rerightD.That’sagoodidea
()20.--______,please?
--Ithinkit’sabout5:
30.
A.WhatdayisitB.What’sthedateC.Where’syourwatchD.What’sthetime
不定式专题训练
()1.Theteachertoldthestudents______inclass.
A.nottalkB.don’ttalkC.didn’ttalkD.nottotalk
()2.“MrZhang,you’dbetter______toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor.
A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat
()3.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.
A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered
()4.Mymotheroftenasksme______early.
A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup
()5.“Don’talwaysmakeMichacl______thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear.”MrBushsaidtohiswife.
A.doB.todoC.doesD.did
()6.Theyoungladywatchedherdaughter______ayo-yoyesterdayafternoon.
A.toplaywithB.playingwithC.to[playD.plays
()7.Wearetold______everywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourschoolcleanandtidy.
A.nottomakemuchnoiseB.tothrowwastepaper
C.todrawD.nottospit
()8.The
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