必修1 Unit4Unit5必修2 Unit 5定语从句.docx
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必修1 Unit4Unit5必修2 Unit 5定语从句.docx
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必修1Unit4Unit5必修2Unit5定语从句
英语必修1Unit4&Unit5必修2Unit1&Unit5
语法知识——定语从句
一.几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义:
用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:
紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:
引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:
that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词:
when/where/why
5.引导词的位置:
位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
6.引导词的功能(作用):
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句
eg.Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
eg.Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。
③由代词/名词+of+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)引导..
﹙3﹚分隔性定语从句:
(定语从句与先行词被其它成分隔开,限定性与非限定性定语从句都含有此句型)。
eg.DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouse
andborrowedanecklaceofyours?
二.限定性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的主语,不能省略。
eg.Doyouknowthegentlemanwho/thatissittingthere?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格,在定语从句中代替先行词,又作定语从句的宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。
eg.Doyouknowthegentleman(whom/who/that)wemetjustnow?
②当作介宾时:
介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;
介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
eg.Theman(whom/who/that)Ispokewithismyteacher.
ThemanwithwhomIspokeismyteacher.
※注:
固定的动词短语(动词+介词)如lookfor,takecareof等不能把动词与介词拆开,既介词不能提至引导词前。
eg.Sheistherightgirl(who/whom/that)wearelookingfor.﹙√﹚
Sheistherightgirlforwhomwearelooking.﹙×﹚
3.whose:
指人或物,是所有格“…的”形式。
Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语(动宾或介宾)。
Whose+n.
即先行词的什么东西怎样了,whose不能省略。
eg.Ididn’tfindthedeskwhoselegwasbroken.(主语)
HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.(动宾)
ThebossinwhosecompanyIworkisverykind.(介宾)
4.which/that指物,指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语(动宾或介宾)。
①当作动宾时,关系代词可省略。
②当作介宾时:
介词不提前时,关系代词可省略;介词提前时,关系代词不可省,即介词+which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
eg.Thehousewhich/thatwasdestroyedintheearthquakeisweak.
Thepen(which/that)youfoundyesterdayismine.
Thegames(that/which)theyoungmencompetedinweredifficult.
Thegamesinwhichtheyoungmencompetedweredifficult.
※注:
介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom,指物用which)。
5.as指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语,宾语,表语或状语,不能省略。
主要用于“thesame…as…;such…as…;so…as…;as…as…;asfollows”固定结构中,形式固定此时的引导限定性定语从句。
※注:
也可引导非限定性定语从句。
eg.SuchpeopleasknewHillthoughthewashonest.
SuchpeopleasHillknewthoughthewashonest.
6.when关系副词:
指时间。
在定语从句中作时间状语,不能省略。
此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表时间的名词)。
eg.IstillrememberthetimewhenIjoinedtheLeague.
=IstillrememberthetimeonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.
7.where关系副词:
指地点。
在定语从句中作地点状语,不能省略。
此时的when还可用介词+which替换(此时先行词一定是表地点的名词)。
eg.IstillremembertheschoolwhereIjoinedtheLeague.
=IstillremembertheschoolinwhichIjoinedtheLeague.
※注:
对关系副词when,where的认识。
①.先行词是时间的名词,并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
eg.I’llneverforgetthetime(which/that)IspentinBeijing.
②.先行词是地点的名词,并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
eg.Thisisthefactory(which/that)hevisitedyesterday.
8.why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,先行词通常为reason,不能省略。
且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。
eg.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateyesterday.
Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.
三.非限定性定语从句:
除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句一样。
但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用:
它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。
eg.Theengineer,whoselegwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttohospital.
(那位工程师被很快送往医院,其腿部受了重伤)
Theengineerwhoselegwasbadlyhurtwasquicklysenttohospital.
(那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院)
3.在非限定性定语从句中,任何引导词都不能省略(包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内)。
指人做主语时只能用who,做宾语时用whom;
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句:
eg.Thehouse,whosewindowfacessouth,ismine.
=Thehouse,thewindowofwhichfacessouth,ismine.
=Thehouse,ofwhichthewindowfacessouth,ismine.
四.值得注意的几个问题:
第一.当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
eg.Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.
Thisisthefirstbook(that)Iborrowfromthelibrary.
※Heisthefirststudentthat/whocametoschooltoday.
2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
eg.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschool(that)hehadvisited.
3.当先行词本身是all的,用that.(allthat=what)
eg.Allthat(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.
=All(what)Iwanttosaytoyouis“Thankyou”.
Gooverallthat(what)welearned.
=Gooverall(what)welearned.(that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略)
4.先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,thing时,用that.
eg.I’lltellyouanything(that)Iknow.
5.当先行词前有all,much,little,many,(a)few,every,some,any,no,only,very,oneof,theonly等修饰语时。
eg.Thisisoneofthebooks(that)I’mveryinterestingin.
※ThisisoneofthebooksinwhichI’mveryinteresting.
Thisistheonlybook(that)Iread.
Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.
Alltheglassesthatwereonthetablefelloffontothefloor.
6.(人,物),当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时,用that引导以避免混淆.
eg.Whoisthemanthatistalkingwiththelady?
Whichofyouthatknowtheanswercancometothefront?
7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时,用that.Helikesthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
第二.当先行词是物时,关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时. Theroominwhichhelivesisverylarge.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时(主,宾都用which, 都不能省略).
Football,whichisaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.
Thehouse,whichIvisitedyesterday,isverylarge.
3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容,引导非限定性定语从句.
Healwaysmakesfunofme,whichupsetsme.
第三. 特殊情况.
1.先行词是these,those指人时,关系代词只用who.Thosewhoareplayingovertherearemystudents.
2.先行词是人称代词(he,she…)时,关系代词只用who.
eg.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3.不定代词someone,anyone,everyone,noone,somebody,anybody,everybody作先行词时,关系代词用who.
eg.Anybodywhobreakstheruleswouldbepunished.
4.①先行词是theonlyoneof+可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用单数形式(因为此时的先行词是theonlyone,而不是of后的可数名词复数).
Heistheonlyoneoftheboysthatlikesplayingthepiano.
Thisistheonlyoneofthebooksthatisborrowed.
②先行词是oneof+可数名词复数,在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语用复数形式(因为此时的先行词是of后的可数名词复数,而不是one).
eg.Thisisoneofthestudentswhoarelate.
5.当主句缺先行词时,用theone代替,但须注意:
theone只能代替可数名词单数.如为不可数名词时,指什么用什么.
eg.IsthisschooltheoneIvisitedyesterday?
Ispopmusicthemusichelikesbest?
6.当先行词是theway,在定语从句中充当方式状语时(theway表"以…方式/方法"),引导词通常用that或省略,也可用inwhich.
eg.Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeak.
=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichyouspeak.
=Idon’tliketheway(which/that)youspeakin.
练习
1.Thisisthebag_____mymotherboughtyesterday.
A.that B.who C.whom D.this
2.Theman_____livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.
A.whom B.which C.who D./
3.Thegirl_____yousawinthestreetisMary.
A.that B.whose C.which D.as
4.Isthisthefactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?
A.theone B.which C.who D.whom
5.Isthisfactory_____alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?
A.theone B.that C.which D./
6.Theonlylanguage_____iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.
A.which B.that C./ D.it
7.Thegirlhandedeverything_____shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.
A.which B.inwhich C.that D.all
8._____cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.
A.That B.Who C.Theonewho D.Thestudentswho
9.Pleaseshowmethebook_____youboughtyesterday.
A.which B.whom C.whose D.this
10.Thisisthebestbook_____Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.
A.who B.whom C.which D./
11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_____writtenbyhim.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
12.Theman_____washerejustnowisadoctor.
A.whom B.who C./ D.he
13.Theboy_____hastwolovelydogs.
A.wholivenextdoor B.whichlivesnextdoor
C.whomlivesnextdoor D.thatlivesnextdoor
14.Those_____madenomistakespleaseraiseyourhands.
A.which B.whom C.that D.who
15.Don’tgoin,thisistheshop_____wehavejustbeen_____.
A./,to B.that,/ C.where,to D.which,there
16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_____Iknow.
A.what B.which C.as D./
17.Thisistheschool_____Mr.Smithoncetaught.
A.inthat B.when C.where D.there
18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_____thefamousscientistwasborn?
A.where B.inthat C.that D.which
19.Thefactory_____Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.
A.when B.where C.that D.which
20.Doyoustillremembertheday_____wefirstmet?
A.that B.when C.what D.onthat
21.Thetime_____westudiedtogetherisnoteasilyforgotten.
A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich
22.October1,1949istheday_____we’llneverforget.
A.when B.that C.where D.inwhich
23.October1,1949wastheday_____thePRCwasfounded.
A.which B.when C.where D.inwhich
24.Isthistheshop_____sellschildren’sclothing?
A.which B.where C.inwhich D.what
25.Isthismuseum_____theyvisitedlastmonth?
A.that B.which C.where D.theone
26.Istillrememberthesitting-room_____mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
27.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.
A.until B.that C.when D.where
28.Johnsaidhe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,______wastrue.
A.he B.this C.which D.who
29.Ishouldneverforgetthosey
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