英美文学赏析英国文学部分.docx
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英美文学赏析英国文学部分.docx
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英美文学赏析英国文学部分
英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks
一.Anglo-Saxonperiod
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.(主题严肃,语言庄重)
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
1.Usingalliteration(押头韵)(该文最大修辞特点,每行第一个词辅音韵)
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(辅音)
2.Usingmetaphor(暗喻,隐喻)andunderstatement
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
二.TheMiddleAges(MedievalAges)
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为
“英国诗歌之父”ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(英雄双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》《TheCanterburytales》。
Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)
A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(英雄双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
③
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
三.TheRenaissancePeriodkeyword:
humanism
(Bacon,Shakespeare,Marlowe)
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology(占星术/学、星座)
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
1 FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626(散文之父)
ThefirstEnglishessayist.
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
2ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”(大学才子派),thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.(不押韵的抑扬格五音步)
Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)
A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina
C.terzarimaD.blankverse
③
3WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
FourComedies:
③FourTragedies:
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
4. BenJonson
5EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?
(B)
A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria
C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③
6ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
四.RevolutionandRestoration(资产阶级革命与王朝复辟)The17thCentury
(JohnMilton,Marvell,Donne,Dryden)
Theme:
sexanddeath
1JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674(文风:
庄严,敬畏)
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》.)
agreatmasteroftheblankverse
Epics:
fallofman
Dramaticpoem:
< SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙
④
TheMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).(Marvell,Donne,Dryden)
Milton和Bunyan对比
(1)Milton
A.wasthechiefPuritanpoet;
B.gaveustheonlyepicsinceBeowulf;
C.voicedthePuritanidealsfortheeducatedclass;
(2)Bunyan
A.wasthechiefPuritanwriterofprose;
B.gaveustheonlygreatallegory----ThePilgrim’sProgress;
C.spokeforthecommonpeople.
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
Poetryofagroupof17thcenturyEnglishpoetswhoseverseischaracterizedbyanintellectuallychallengingstyleandextendedmetaphorscomparingverydissimilarthings
mysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform(主题神秘,语言奇特)
thediction(用语)issimple,theimagery(意象)isfromtheactual,theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
1.Conceits(狂想,自负,幻想)orimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子(Donne)
SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
Valediction:
2. JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
ReligionaryAllegory:
五.The18thCentury:
EnlightenmentandNeo-Classical
(Pope,Swift,Defoe,)
同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,(秩序,逻辑)restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起(theriseofEnglishnovel):
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
CharacteristicsofNeo-Classicalliterature
Prose:
shouldbeprecise,direct,smooth,flexible
Poetry:
shouldbelyrical,epical,didacticanddramaticandeachclassshouldbeguidedbyitsownprinciples;
Dram:
shouldbewrittenintheheroiccouplets
1 AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,Popewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalism(理性主义)toEngland....
AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?
(C)
A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift
Artisticfeatures:
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
2.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745讽刺小说家amastersatirist
Yahoos出自格列佛游记。
半人半兽的马
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
④
3.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
④
4.RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796(前浪漫主义,苏格兰民间诗人,NationalpoetofScottish)
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①
②
③
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
novels:
plays:
六.TheRomanticPeriod
Ageofpassionrebellionandcreativity
Theromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s
Romanticism:
Itemphasizethespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind.(人应该是独立自由的个体)
Init,
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- 美文 赏析 英国文学 部分