01 名词冲刺中考英语小题精练解析版.docx
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01 名词冲刺中考英语小题精练解析版.docx
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01名词冲刺中考英语小题精练解析版
01名词-冲刺2020年中考英语小题精练
序号
内容
第一部分
语法讲解
第二部分
一、两年年真题、新题精练
二、强化与巩固练习
第一部分:
语法讲解
知识点包括名词的数、名词的所有格、动名词的作用、可数名词、名词复数的不规则变化、可数名词变复数的几种形式等,详情如下:
名词的数
1.单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:
book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:
bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,例如:
orange—oranges。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:
city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:
boy→boys,day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:
hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如:
zoo→zoos,radio→radios,还有某些外来词也只加-s,例如:
photo→photos,piano→pianos。
(6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:
knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s(或es)的读音方法
(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,例如:
man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如:
anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;man,woman等作定语时,它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定,如:
men workers,womenteachers。
有个别名词单复数一样,例如:
Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。
但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时,可以加复数词尾。
(8)单数形式但其意为复数的名词有:
people,police等。
(9)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符。
例如:
ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。
(10)还有些名词仅有复数形式,如:
trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。
(11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有:
科学名词:
physics,mathematics/maths
游戏名称:
bowls
专有名词:
theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls
其他名词:
news,falls
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
在英语中,不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下两种方法:
(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,例如:
Therichmanhasalotofmoney.
Thereissomemilkinthebottle.
Isthereanywaterintheglass?
Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.
(2)用apieceof这类定语,例如:
apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbread
abottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupoftea
acupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时,在容器后加复数,例如:
twocupsoftea
fourpiecesofpaper
threeglassesofwater
不可数名词也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等来修饰。
名词所有格[/page]
名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s',例如:
astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。
2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's,如:
Children'sDay。
3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's,例如:
atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。
4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:
amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。
5.双重所有格,例如:
afriendofmyfather's。
【注意】
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:
John'sandMary'srooms(约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom'sandMary'sbikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:
JohnandMary'sroom(约翰和玛丽共有一间);TomandMary'smother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
动名词作用[/page]
第二部分:
中考英语语法之——名词专项训练
1、两年真题、新题精练
1. (2019江西)Mydaughterhelpsmecook,butsheisn’toldenoughtobeleftaloneinthe________.
A.BedroomB.classroomC.lab D.kitchen
2. (2019天津)The________ofthisactivityistoraisemoneyforanewhospital.
A.silence B.purpose C.culture D.language
3. (2019重庆B卷)Wehavewider________inourvillage,sowecangooutmoreeasilynow.
A.houses B.roads C.schools D.hospitals
4. (2019甘肃省卷)—Hereismyfamily________.Wetookitlastyear.
—Whatahappyfamily!
A.member B.name C.photo D.house
5. (2019苏州)—Keepquiet,son!
Ineedcomplete________whenI’mworking.
—Sorry,dad.Iwon’tmakeanynoiseagain.
A.trust B.silence C.control D.strength
6. (2019襄阳)—Sheisleavingtotakepartinthefinalpoemcompetition.
—I’mproudofher.Iwishheragreat________.
A.speed B.method C.pressure D.success
7. (2019眉山)Thefoodsafetyisaserious________inmanycountries.Peopleshouldtrytosolveit.
A.subject B.program C.problem D.opinion
8. (2019山西改编)Tokeepourcitybeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusyinthestreets.Weshouldn’tthrowrubbisheverywhere.
A.policemen B.cleaners C.drivers D.teachers
9. (2019成都改编)Sally’sfavorite________isorange.That’swhyallhersweatersareorange.
A.size B.color C.style D.taste
10. (2019泰州改编)Mymotherhasapoor________ofdirection,sosheisalwaysafraidtogooutalone.
A.scenery B.condition C.service D.sense
11. (2019合肥42中一模)Allourdreamscancometrue,aslongaswehavethe________tofightforthem.
A.interest B.opinion C.action D.courage
12. (2019合肥高新共同体三模)—Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?
—Sorry.Thisisnottheright________toinvitemeforIamtootiredtowalk.
A.moment B.period C.step D.chance
13. (2019合肥蜀山区一模)—It’sMr.Feng’snewmovie,butIthinkitismoremeaningfulthanhisothers.
—Iagreewithyou.Hislatestmovieisuptohishighest________.
A.standard B.treasure C.rule D.purpose
14. (2019合肥瑶海区二模)—Doyoulikereadingmagazines?
—Ofcourse.Magazinesnotonlymakeusrelaxedbutalsogiveusnew________sometimes.
A.progress B.knowledge C.practice D.relationship
15. (2020新题)—It’susefulforthedeafpeopletolearnsignlanguage.
—Yes,it’samajorwayof________forthem.
A.suggestion B.vacation C.production D.communication
16. (2020新题)Beijingwillholdthe2022WinterOlympics,sowe’llhavea________towatchitinBeijing.
A.chance B.challenge C.choice D.change
17. (2020新题)—It’suselesstoregretwhathasbeendone.Don’tmakethose________again.
—Iwon’t.That’sapromise.
A.orders B.noises C.mistakes D.agreements
18. (2020新题)—Whatisthe________betweenthenewbookandtheoldone?
—Thenewbookhasalotofpicturesinit.
A.description B.decision C.differenceD.discussion
19. (2020新题)Mysisterhasmany________.Sheoftengoesswimming,dancesorpaintsinherfreetime.
A.reasons B.levels C.answers D.hobbies
20. (2020新题)Kellytakesalotofexerciseeverydayandsheisalwaysfullof________.
A.energy B.experience C.business D.memory
21. (2020新题)Myfathermadea________totakemetoLijiangnextweek.
A.notice B.promiseC.mistake D.direction
22. (2020新题)Onlinereadinghasmany________.Forexample,wecanreadatanytime.
A.conditions B.problemsC.purposes D.advantages
23. (2020新题)I’vegota________ofreadingbeforesleeping.Ithasbeenpartofmylife.
A.dream B.diary C.plan D.habit
24. (2020新题)Theartistreceivedhigh________fromtheartcommunityforhisworks.
A.praise B.present C.price D.pride
25. (2020新题)IplantotravelinDecemberbecauseIwillhavemorefreetimeinthat________.
A.year B.century C.month D.week
26. (2020新题)—Ihaveabadcold.
—Sorrytohearthat.You’dbettergotoseea________atonce.
A.doctor B.cook C.writer D.farmer
27. (2020新题)Thebeautifulsmallcupismadeof________.Becareful,oryou’llbreakit.
A.plastic B.silver C.glass D.wood
28. (2020新题)Mostkidslike________becausetheyenjoymakingsnowmen.
A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter
29. (2020新题) Lookatthenicephoto.Thisismyuncle’schild,andheismy________.
A.cousin B.sister C.brother D.daughter
30. (2020新题)Youcan’ttraveltoaforeigncountryunlessyouhavea________.
A.message B.book C.passport D.watch
31. (2020新题)Elephantshavelong________.Theycannotonlybeusedtobreathebutalsoprotectthemselves.
A.fingers B.noses C.eyes D.legs
Ⅱ. 单词拼写
32. (2019成都改编)Creativityisgreat w______(财富)forusbecauseofitsvalueinourworkandlife.
33. (2019广州改编)Helikesallkindsofjokesbecausehehasagreatsenseof h______(幽默).
34. (2019哈尔滨改编)Timgotfour t______(玩具)fromhisrelativesonChildren’sDay.
35. (2019孝感改编)Cometothefrontwith c______(勇气)andshowyourtalent,Peter.
36. (2019盐城改编)Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthe k______(钥匙)toit.
37. (2019河池改编)Forbreakfast,Tinawouldlikesomemilkand c______(蛋糕).
38. (2019合肥瑶海区一模)Theteachersareexcellentandtheirteaching m______(方法)arechangeableanduseful.
39. (2019合肥包河区一模)Ihadjustenoughtimetofinisheatingbeforethe b______(铃)rang.
40. (2019安徽黑马卷)Their t________(话题)areallabouthowtoprotectwildanimals.
41. (2019安徽定心卷)Myparentswereproudofmygood g________(成绩)intheEnglishexam.
42. (2019安徽定心卷)Asthetechnologydevelops,wecanpaythe b________(账单)moreeasily.
43. (2020新题)The b______(盒子)istooheavyformetomoveonmyown.
44. (2020新题)Jackhasagreat i______(兴趣)inplayingtheviolin.
45. (2020新题)Beforewethrowawayrubbish,we’dbetterdivideitintodifferent g______(组).
46. (2020新题)Therewillbefewer w______(工人)infactoriesinthefuturebecausemostworkwillbedonebyrobots.
47. (2020新题)MylittledogBenbenlikestoplayinthe g______(花园)nearourcommunity.
48. (2020新题)Ourteachertoldusnottoplaywith f______(火).
49. (2020新题)Nothingcanchangemywilltobeadoctorinthe f______(未来).
50. (2020新题)The p______(价格)oftomatoesusuallydoublesinwinter.
51. (2020新题)Hejumpedupanddownhappilywhenheheardthegood n______(消息).
参考答案
1. D2.B3.B4.C5.B6.D7.C8.B9.B10.D11.D12.A13.A14.B15.D
16.A 17.C 18.C 19.D20.A21.B22.D23.D 24.A25.C26.A27.C28.D29.A30.C
31.B32.wealth33.humour/humor34.toys 35.courage36.key37.cake/cakes38.methods
39.bell40.topics41.grades42.bill/bills43.box44.interest45.groups46.workers
47.garden/gardens 48.fire49.future50.price51.news
2、强化与巩固练习
1._____isasportinwhichtwopeoplefighteachotherwiththeirhands,whilewearingverylargethickgloves.
A.BoxingB.RacingC.Tennis
2.—Howareyougoingtobe_____?
—I'mgoingtopracticebasketballeveryday.
A.abasketballplayerB.ateacherC.apianistD.apilot
3.Shelikes_____dumplingsforlunch.
A.chickenandcabbageB.chickensandcabbages
C.achickenandcabbageD.chickenandacabbage
4.—CanyouspeakFrench,Mr.Brown?
—Yes,butonly_____Frenchwords.
A.
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