高中定语从句汇总讲解学案.docx
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高中定语从句汇总讲解学案.docx
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高中定语从句汇总讲解学案
高中定语从句汇总讲解学案
◆英语谚语欣赏
1.Hewhoknowsnothingbutpretendstoknoweverythingisindeedagood-for–nothing.不懂装懂,一事无成.
2.It’sthefirststepthatcosts.千里之行,始于足下
3.Hethatmakeshimselfasheepshallbeeatenbythewolf.甘当小绵羊,迟早要喂狼.
定语从句相关考点
1、关系代词和关系副词的选取;
2、定语从句与主谓一致;
3、关系代词的省略问题;
4、介词+which/whom…中介词的正确选用;
5、that与which;who与whom;who
与that;as与which之间的选取;
6、定语从句与强调句型;
7、双重定语从句;
8、way后面的定语从句
9、…thesame(…)that/as…such(….)as……so…as…
(…such(…)that…结果状语从句…so…that…)
Step1Leading-in(导入)用下划线标出下文中定语或定语从句。
Heisacleverstudent.HeisastudentwhoisgoodatEnglish.Helivesinasmallvillage.Hisgrandfatherlivedtherebefore.Iknowagirlwholivesinthevillagetoo.HernameisWangFang.WangFang’sfatherisafarmer.Heisahard-workingfarmer.
Step2语法讲解
一、定语从句的定义及相关术语
1.定语从句又称_________性从句,用来修饰某一____词或___词,一般紧跟在被修饰词的后面。
2.定语从句的要素:
_____和________;被定语从句修饰的词为先行词,先行词常为_____或________;
3.关系词及其功能:
引导定语从句的词为关系词,分为______和_________;
关系词通常有三个功能:
①引导句子;②代替先行词;③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系代词有:
_________________________________;在句中充当____、______、______。
关系副词有:
__________________________;在句中充当_______。
4.分类:
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
二、定语从句解题三步法:
第一:
找出先行词;
第二:
看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语、定语或状语);
第三:
选择合适的关系词。
三、怎样运用关系代词和关系副词
I、如果先行词是表示人的词,作主语时多用who,作宾语时多用whom或that(此时可以省略);如果先行词是表示物的词,无论作主语、宾语都可用which或that,作宾语时可以省略。
但在非限制性定语从句或介词之后,不能用that,只能用which.
例如:
1).YesterdayImetMrLi______________toldmethewholematter.
2).Ican’tfindthebook_______________isborrowedfromthelibrary.
3).Players_________keepwarmexercisesbeforethematchplaymuchbetterthanthose____don't.
4).Thisistheclassroomin___________westudy.
5).Doyouknowtheman________issellingfruitsnearourschool?
6).Iwanttochatwiththegirl________youwerespeakingtojustnow.
7).Aletter___________iswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.
8).Doyouknowthegentleman__________________spokejustnow?
9).Thebook________________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
10).Thefactoryin__________hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
II.关系代词whose作既指人又指物,在从句中作定语,译成“人的……,物的……”.
注意:
whose=先行词的所有格
whose+N.=the+N.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+N.
例如:
1Thegirl,___________fatherisalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
2Thegirl,_____fatherof_____isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
③Thegirl,ofwhom________isalawyer,isgoodatspokenEnglish.
a.Welivedinthehotelroom,______doorfacedsouth.
b.Welivedinthehotelroom,_______________________facedsouth.
c.Welivedinthehotelroom,________________________facedsouth.
1).Thisisthedesk____________arebroken.
A.legsofwhichB.whoselegsC.thatD.which
2).Helivesintheroom,thewindows________facestothesouth.
A.ofwhoseB.ofthatC.ofwhichD.whose
III.如果表示先行词的一部分如何时,指物就用ofwhich,指人就用ofwhom,即some,any,several,each,two(数词),all,both等加ofwhich或ofwhom.
例如:
①Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5___________arewomen.
②Thebookcontains50poems,most___________werewrittenin1930’s.
3Theyhadasentence;themeaning__________wascompletelybeyondthem.
4Hehasthreesons,all___________diedinthewar.
A.ofthemB.ofwhichC.ofwhomD.which
注意:
定语从句与并列句的区别
定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于:
并列句有像and,but,so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。
①Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.
②Mr.Lihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.
IV.如果先行词是such,so,thesame或被such,so,thesame所修饰时,关系词用as.
例如:
1).Wewillonlydiscusssuchproblems__________havesomethingtodowithourowninterests.
2).Don'tdosuchthings_________youarenotsureabout.
3).Thisisthesamevillage_________youvisitedwhenyouwereveryyoung.
注意:
as在从句中作宾语时不可省略。
如例3)。
V、先行词是表示地点(如:
place,school,factory),时间(如:
time,day,week,tear,month,),原因(reason)的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词,若在从句中作状语,用where(表示地点),when(表示时间),why(表示原因),相当于相应的介词+which;若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,要用that或which。
例如:
1.)Thisistheroom______________________helives.
2.)Icanseetheplayground___________________theydosports
3.)Istillremembertheyear____________________IjoinedtheParty.
4.)Istillremembertheday_____________________IjoinedtheParty.
5.)Istillrememberthehour_____________________therocketwaslaunched
6.)Thisisthereason____________________hewaskilled
7.)Thisisthetown__________Ispentmychildhood.
8.)Thelibrary__________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.
9.)I’llneverforgettheday__________wefirstmetinthepark.
10.)I’llneverforgetthetime__________Ispentwithyou.
11.)Thisisthereason__________Ididn’tcomehere.
12.)Thereason__________shegavewasnottrue.
思考?
在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?
Task:
尝试用“介词+关系代词”填写下列句子
1.Isthisthehouse_______Shakespearewasborn?
2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.
3.Herbag,___________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.
4.Thisisthering___________shespent1000dollars.
5.XiaoWang,____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedhimselfverymuch.
方法1.看定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配
1.Thegirlforwhomhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.
2.HeisthemanonwhomIthinkyoucandepend.
3.HereferredtosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
方法2.看从句中的动词或动词词组与先行词的搭配
1.Hemadeaholeinthewall,throughwhichhecouldseewhatwasgoingonoutsidethehouse.
2.ThelibrarianwithwhomIjustshookhandsworksheartandsoul.
方法3、根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配
1.Therateatwhichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.
2.Thisisourclassroom,inthefrontof(在前面)whichthereisateacher’sdesk.
小结:
介词放在关系代词之前时,关系代词只能用_________或________;介词的选择要视先行词、句意及与动词的搭配而定。
VI.which,as也可引导一个非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句所表达的内容(即把整个主句看成是先行词)。
Which译成“这一点……”;as译成“正如……”.which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.
2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.
或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.
注意:
as的这种用法通常出现在一些固定短语之中如:
1.ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述
2.asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那样
3.asiswellknown众所周知
4.aswasexpected正如预料的那样
5.ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如已经指出的那样
6.asweallcansee正如我们都会看到的那样
VII.只能用that,不用which.
1.先行词为不定代词everything,nothing,anything,little,much,all,none
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.
2.先行词被both,all,every,no,any,little,much,some修饰时
Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecan’tsmoothaway.
3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时
HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.
4先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.
5.先行词同时指人和指物时
Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwe
sawthen.
6.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句
Whichisthecarthathittheboy?
Whowasthemanthatshedancedwith?
7.主句是therebe结构,修饰其主语的定语从句用that
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoFrank.
但若主语是人,引导词只能用who,whom
Thereisapersonwhowantstoseeyou.
8.当关系代词在从句中作表语时
Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.
相关练习
1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.
2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.
3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.
4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.
5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.
6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.
7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.
8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.
VIII.只能使用which的情况。
1、非限制性定语从句中。
eg.Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.
2、在介词之后。
eg.Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.
IX.个别先行词
1.theway为先行词时
当从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,引导词用that/which,当引导词作从句宾语时可省略;
当从句不缺少主语、宾语或表语时,引导词用that/which/不填
2.当先行词为point,situation,position,scene,stage,activity,case时,且从句缺少状语时用where.
3.当先行词为occasion,且从句缺少状语时用when.
练习:
1).Theway_____sheteachesEnglishisinteresting.
A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich
2).Shetriedeveryway________shecouldfindtosolvetheproblem.
A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich
3).Hesuggestedthatweshouldsolvetheprobleminaway__________waspeaceful.
A.不填B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich
4.)Canyouimagineasituation_____________youcanusetheword?
5.)Icanthinkmanycases________________studentsobviouslyknowalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.
6)、Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint_______hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
7)、Therearefewoccasions_______________membersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.
8).Ihavereachedapointinmylife___Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.WhichB.whereC.howD.why
9.)Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases______beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
10.)It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
11.)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
12.)Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint_________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.
13.)Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint_____________achangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
14.)Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint___________isimportant.
15.)Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations_________Englishisused.
16.)He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation_________he'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
17.)He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation____________hemustpaymuchattentionto.
四、定语从句的注意事项
1、定语从句必须要有被修饰的先行词
比较:
1.)Isthistheschool__________youvisitedlastyear?
A.thatB.w
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