海员之轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案doc.docx
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海员之轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案doc.docx
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海员之轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案doc
轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答
案
第一早
口述
Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant,isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS.
第二章
口述
Themaindifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengineinclude:
1)thecombustionmediumofadieselengineisdieseloilorfueloil,whilethatforagasolineengineisgasoil.2)thedieselengineisignitedthroughcompressionofhot,highpressureoil/airmixture,butthegasolineengineisignitedbyelectricalsparkplug.3)fordieselengine,theairandoilismixedinsidethecylinder,whileforgasolineengine,theyaremixedoutsidethecylinder.
First,Iwilltellthecadettheimportancetheengineroom.Second,Ishouldintroducethevariousmachineryandsystemsintheengineroom,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Third,Iwillshowhimhowtooperatethevariousequipmentanddevicessafely,andintroduceasmuchsafetyknowledgeasIcan.
sameasquestionNo2.
Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistofabosswithseveralblades,.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.
Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedfourenginesrunning・Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequiretwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequiement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginserunning,whieitapproachesthewharf,ithastwo.
Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:
theconstructionmainlyincludebedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframesthereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.
Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcriticalpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.
Pistonscanbedividedintotwomainclasses:
thecrossheadtypepistonsandthetrunktypepistons.Thetopsurfaceofthecrossheadpistoncanbeflat,sunkenorconvex.Thepistonshownintheillustrationisthecrossheadtypepistonwithasunkensurface.Ithastheadvantageofincreasingtheairturbulanceandimporvingtheoil/airmixingquality.Itsdisadvantageisthatthecylindervolumetricclearancewillbelarger.
Thepistonringsshownintheillustrationhastheshapeofrectangleortrapezoid.Someofthemareroundedontheexternaltoporbottomedges.Amongthesepistonrings,No.landNo.2aresealingrings,No.3andNo.4arescraperrings,whiletheNo.5isadistributorring.Generally,eachpistonisprovidedwithfiveorsixpistonrings.
Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:
atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevaroiusmovingpartsenabletheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwea匚三.A
1Inordertoensurethesafenavigationoftheship,frequentcommunicationbetweentheengineersandofficersisnecessary.Theusualmeansofcommunicationisbytelephoneandtelegraph.Ifthecommunicationbetweentheengineroomandthebridgefails,theshipwillbeendangered.Therecordsofcommunicationshouldbemaintainedwhichwillprovideevidenceintheeventofanaccidentatsea 4Atthecompletionofthewatch,eachmemberofwatchkeepingshouldhandovertohisrelief,ensuringthatthereliefiscompetenttotakeoverandcairyouthisdutieseffectively.Beforegoingoffduty,theengineerinchargeofthewatchshallensurethatalleventsrelatedtothemainandauxiliarymachineryaresuitalbyrecorded.Heshouldtelltherelievingengineerthestandingorders,specialintructionsandunfinishedwork,ifany.Ifhehasanyreasontobelievethattherelievingengineerisnotcapableofcarryingoutthewatchkeepingdutieseffectively,heshallnothandoverthewatchandthechiefengineershallbenotified. 四 1LastyearwhenIworkedonabulkcarrier,Ifoundtheexhausttemperatureofthemainengineisrisingquickly.Therewasafireinthescavengeairbox.Theenginewassloweddown.Thefuelwasshutofffromtheaffectedcylinders.Iopenedwidetheinletvalveofthecoolingwater.Thedutymotormanincreasedthecylinderlubrication.Thefirequicklyburntout. 2Intheeventofsuddenstoppageofthemainengine,thepossiblecausemaybethesafetyprotectionsystemfunctioning,duetolowlubeoilpressure,fueloilbreakdown,blackout,overspeedandsoon.Generally,weshouldtakethefollowingactions: first,wewillcarefullyexaminethemainengineandfindthecauses.Second,wewilltakemeasurestoremedythetrouble.Third,wewillresetandrestartthemainengine. 3Iftheturbochargersurges,thepossiblecausesincludehighbackpressureofexhaustmanifoldandlowflowingquantity,rapidchangeinload,insufficientfueloil,badcombustion,scavengefireandsoon.Intheeventofturbochargersurge,wewillslowdownthemainengine,findthecauses,anddosomeremedies. 8Whenwestarttheemergencygenerator,weshouldtakethefollowingsteps.First,checkthelubeoilandfueloillevels,aswellasthewaterlevel.Second,theselectingswitchwillchangeoverfrom"automatic"to"manual^Third,pushthestartingbutton,andcheckthevoltageandfrequency. 9Themaintennaceworkofemergencybatteryinclude: 1)checktheelectrolytelevel2)keeptheemergencybatteryclean.3)measurethevoltageofthebattery.4)measurethespecificgravityoftheelectrolyte.5)periodicallychargeanddischargethebatterysoastoprotecttheplateelectrode. 11Fireisaconstanthazardatsea.Itistheresultofacombinationofthreefactors,namely,inflammablematerial,hotspot,andoxygen.Accordingtothematerialinvolved,firescanbedividedintofourclasses: •Forexample,burninglightmetalswillbeclassifiedasClassD,burningelectricequipmentclassifiedasClassC,burningoilsisClassB,andburningwood,ClassA. 17Intheeventofcollision,thebridgewillinformthecaptainandtheengineroomimmediately.Thebridgeshouldtelltheengineroomthestrikingposition,damageextentandsoon.Theengineroomshouldtakemeasuresaccordingly.Incaseofengineroomflooding,theengineroompersonnelshouldreporttothebridge,andtakeactionsaccordingtothemusterlist. 20Themusterlistisanimportantdocumentonboard・Ittellsthecrewmemberstheirpositionanddutiesinemergencysituations,suchasfire,collision,oilspill,abandoningship,shipgroundingandsoon.Forexample,incaseofflooding,thechiefengineershouldgototheengineroomandbeingeneralcommand.Thesecondengineershouldmaneuverthemainengine.Someothermembersshouldgotostopthefloodingandsoon. 21Onceacontainershipcollidedwithabulkcarrier.Thecaptainofthecontainershipdecidedtoabandontheshipsinceitwasindangerofsinking.Theengineroompersonnelstoppedtheengine,cutofftheelectricsupply,closedtheventilators,releasedthecompressedairandsteam.Thechiefengineercollectedtheimportantdocumentsandallengineroomstaffevacuatedfromtheengineroom. 23Themaintenanceworkofthelifeboatenginemainlyinclude: 1)checkthevariousoillevelsandwaterlevels.2)startthelifeboatengineonceeveryweek,makeitrunforaboutfiveminutes.3)protecttheenginefromfreezingwithanti-freezingfluid. 24SOPEPstandsforShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan.Itsmaincontentsincludethepersontobecontactedincaseofoilspill,hiscontactingmethodssuchasphonenumberandadress,theproceduretobeadoptedincaseofoilspill,suchasthedisposalmethods,anti-pollutionequipmentandmaterials. 25Thematerialsusedforoilspillagemainlyincludethefollowing: 1)thematerialusedforcleaningupspilledoil,forexample,theoilabsorbentsuchassawdustandoilfelt.2)Thematerialforpreventingsplitoilfromspreadingout,suchasoilbooms.Oildispersentisseldomusedsinceitmustgettheapprovalfromtheportadministrationandmaycausesecondarypollution. 27Intheeventofamanfallingoverboard,thepersonwhoseetheaccidentmustshoutforhelp,informthebridge,throwalifebuo
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