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标准论文

从《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》看维多利亚时期的新女性主义观

摘要：

维多利亚时期的英国女性主义意识开始觉醒,一些女性开始争取自身在教育,经济,爱情等方面独立自由的权利。

这些具有反抗精神的女性被称作维多利亚时期的新女性。

本文通过对女主人玛姬的分析，体现当时的新女性观，玛姬的童年自由狂野，成年之后追求心中所爱，最后于哥哥一同沉入河中。

追其原因是当时经济的发展，女性有了一定的经济地位，女性意识开始觉醒；其影响是女性开始走入社会，改变自己的地位。

关键词：

玛姬；抗争；维多利亚时期的新女性观

TheNewViewofFeminismintheVictorianAgeinTheMillontheFlossRiver

Abstract:

IntheVictorianage,Englishwomenbegintorealizeandstrivefortheirrightsofeducation,economy,loveandfreedom.Thesewomenarethenewwomen.ThisthesisanalyzesMaggie-Theheroineofthenovel,whichreflectsthenewfeminismatthattime.Maggiehasawildchildhood.Whenshegrowsup,shepursuesherlove.Atlast,shedieswithherbrotherintheFlossriver.Thereasonofthedevelopmentofthenewviewoffeminismisthedevelopmentofeconomyandwomenhavecertaineconomicstatusandthusbegintheirself-realization.Theinfluenceisthatwomenstepintosocietyandbegintochangetheirposition.

Keywords:

MaggieFight;thenewviewofFeminismintheVictorianAge

Contents

1.Introduction1

1.1.Feminism1

1.2Literaturereview1

1.3Maggie:

independentsmartandpassionate4

2.ThenewviewoffeminismreflectedonthecharacterMaggie5

2.1Maggie’swildchildhood5

2.1.1Maggie’snatureofegocentrism5

2.1.2Maggie’spursuitofacknowledgementandlove6

2.2Maggie’sadulthood8

2.2.1Maggie’slovewithPhilip8

2.2.2Maggie’slovewithSteven9

2.3Maggie’sdeathwithTomintheFlossRiver10

3.ReasonsfortheemergenceofnewviewsoffeminismanditsinfluencesinVictoriaage10

3.1ReasonsfortheemergenceofnewviewsoffeminismintheVictorianage10

3.2Influencesofnewviewsoffeminism11

4.Conclusion12

References13

TheNewViewofFeminismintheVictorianAgeinTheMillontheFlossRiver

1.Introduction

1.1Feminism

Feminismisthebeliefthatwomenshouldhaveequalpolitical,social,sexual,intellectualandeconomicrightstomen.Itinvolvesvariousmovements,theories,andphilosophies,allconcernedwithissuesofgenderdifferencethatadvocateequalityforwomenandthatcampaignsforwomen'srightsandinterests.FeminismhasalteredpredominantperspectivesinawiderangeofareaswithinWesternsociety,rangingfromculturetolaw.Feministactivistshavecampaignedforwomen'slegalrights（rightsofcontract,propertyrights,votingrights）;forwomen'srightstobodilyintegrityandautonomy,forabortionrights,andforreproductiverights（includingaccesstocontraceptionandqualityprenatalcare）;forprotectionfromdomesticviolence,sexualharassmentandrapeandforworkplacerights,includingmaternityleaveandequalpay;andagainstotherformsofdiscrimination

1.2Literaturereview

Women’swritingofnovelhasalonghistory.ButtheEnglishnovelbeginsinthe19thcentury..JaneAustenthinkswomenarewiseandcharming.Brontesisterstellwomenthattheyshouldbeindependentandshouldnotrelyonmen.Otherwomenwritersemphasizewomen’ssocialmeaning.Eliotthinkswomenareequaltomenbuttheyaredifferentfrommen.

GeorgeEliot,aBritishfemalewriter,hasbeenrankedamongthewritersoftheclassics,butthethemesofhernovelsaremainlyaroundthetopicoflove,marriageandfamily,whichstimulategreatinterestsamongfemalereaders.Eliotrebelsagainstthetraditionallifestyleandchallengesmalesociety.Sheusesaman’snameasherpenname,becauseshehopesthatherworkshavethesamestandardofevaluationasmenwriters.Therefore,herfeministideahasarousedcriticalattentionfromnumerousreaderswithfeministinsights.

AglimpseofGeorgeEliot’sfeministideacouldbegotfromsomecriticalachievement.Forinstance,

“GeorgeEliotcomestousisalmostuncontestedasthegreatestBritishVictorianwomanwriter．Nevertheless，herattitudetowardsfeminismisquiteambivalent．Ontheonehand，shesupportswomeninregardofmarriage，educationandvision.Ontheotherhand，sheendorseswomen’ssubmission，renunciation，andself-sacrifice.”﹙JinQionglan2009﹚

ThesamecomplexityofEliot’sfeministideaisalsoemphasizedbyLiQizhi,

sayingthat

“InVictorianage,womenwasrestrictedbytheeconomicstatus,therightsofeducationandclassstatus.Traditionalpracticesandotherpowerfulsocialfactorsoppressedwomen.Theyneedgreatcouragetoliberatethemselves.AlthoughEliotobjectedtheoppressionofwomenbymen,shethoughtmenarestrongerthanwomenandcandoanythingtheywanttodo.Eliot’sattitudetowomenarecomplicated.”﹙LiQizhi2008﹚

GeorgeEliottalksaboutthemoralandthehumanism,sosheisoneofthefourgreatesttraditionalwriters.Inherworks,EliotcreatestheimageoftheVictorianwomen.ShewritestheproblemsofwomenintheVictorianage.Theyareconfusedintheirworks,education,marriageandsoon.HerworksarelikethemirrorofVictorianage.“InTheMillontheFlossRiver,EliotdescribestheconfusionofMaggiewhenshedesiresforknowledge.Butshecannotbesatisfied.Sheappealstherightofwomen’seducation.”﹙ChenMingming2009﹚

GeorgeEliotthinksthatwomenshouldbeeducated.Butthereasonisthatshecommiserateswomen.Educationisimportantforallthepeople,butwomenintheVictorianagehadnorighttogeteducation.Themoreeducationapersongets,theclearerhismindbecomes.Themorehewillthinkabouthisexistence.Inthetraditionalsociety,womendon’thavemanychancestobeeducated.IntheEnglishmiddleclassfamilyintheVictorianage,womenandmenhaveaclearsocialdivision.Thedutiesofmenarepublic,whilethedutiesofwomenaretakingcareofthefamily.MaggieisclevererthanTom,butshedoesn’thavethechancetobeeducated.Theunequalchanceofeducationbetweenmenandwomenturntothetoolofthesuppressionofwomen.

AresearchonthenewviewsoftheVictorianagehasalsobeenconducted,claiming,

IntheVictorianAge,Englishwomenbegintorealizeandstrivefortherightsofeducation,economy,loveandfreedom.Thesewomenarethenewwomen.Thewriterpointsoutthatifwomenwanttosolvetheproblem,theymustcombinetheadvantagesofmenandwomen,basedonthedifferenceofmenandwomen,throughtheawakingofwomenandtheself-improvementtoeradicatethediscriminationofwomen.Atlasttheycanbeasequalasmen.Otherwiseitishardforthemselvestorebel.﹙ShiHui2009﹚

Inthenovel,TheMillontheFlossRiver,EliotcreatesMaggiewhohasrebelledagainstthetraditionoppressingwomen.Eliotisrestrictedbythetraditionalfeminism,butshehasrealizedthatthesocietyisunequaltowomen.

IntheVictorianage,womenawakeandtheystarttostrivefortherightsofeducation，economicstatus,loveandfreedom.Thesewomenwhohavethespiritofrebellionarecallednewwomen,whichcouldbeseenfromtheanalysisofMaggieintheTheMillontheFlossRiver.

Theypursuetheindependentpersonality,rebeltheoppressionofmen，pursuefreedomandlove.Thereasonisthatwiththedevelopmentofeconomy,womenhavethesocialstatus.Thereforetheirfeministconsciousnessbeginstocomeintobeing.﹙ShiHui2009﹚

InLiuXiaowen’sarticle,“ThelossoffeministconsciousnessinVictorianageinwomen’sworksinthe19th”shewrites

The19thcenturyistheageofwomennovelists.Intheshortdecades,thereareseveralgreatwomenwriters.Theyclaimedtheexistenceofthewomenart.Thepoorlivingconditionsofwomenmadethemrebelagainstthediscriminationandfightforequality.Theymoundedwomencharacterswhopursuedfreedomandrequiredthefeelingofindependence.ThisisthefeministconsciousnessintheVictorianage,butonlythefeministconsciousnessisnotenough.Theymustremouldtheworldtheylivedin.Theytrytousethehumanismagainstthehypocriticalmoralconceptandbuildanewsincererelationship.（2007）

Infact，thewomenartistragic.ThewomenintheVictorianagepursueindependenceandharmoniousrelationshipwithman,buttheyarealsoconfusedintheconflict.Atlast,theycompromisetomen.Itisthesocialreasonaswellasthemselvesthatcausethefailureoffeministconsciousness.

Eliot’scontradictoryfeminismiscriticizedbymanypeople.Butshehasmadecontributionstothefeministmovement.Sheexpressesthelifeconditionsofwomen.Moreandmorewomenhaveknowntheymustsavethemselves.Themoreimportantthingisthatherfeminismhasthecolorofhumanismandsocialmorality.Shethinksloveandsympathyaretheimportantqualitiesofwomen.Thesequalitiesareveryimportanttosociety.Eliot’sfeminismhasimportantmeaningsnowadays.

1.3Maggie:

independent,smartandpassionate

Inthenovel,TheMillontheFlossRiver,Maggieisindependentandsmart.Whensheisalittlegirl,shelikesreadingbooksandsheisalsoaneloquentgirl.Herfatherthinksthatsheislikealawyer,buthealsothinksitisharmfulforwomentobeeducated.SoevenherfatherknowsMaggieisclevererthanherbrotherTom,hesendsTomtoschool.Herfatherloveshislittledaughterverymuch,buthedoesn’twanttogiveMaggiethechancetobeeducated.Maggiedoesn'tgiveup.ShereadsthebookthatTomreadsinschoolandstudiesbyherself.ThisfullyprovesMaggiehadthefeatureofnewwomen.

Maggieisapassionategirl.Shefallsinlovewiththesonwhoisherfamily’senemy.Herfatherandbrotherstandfirmagainstthem.LateranotherboyappearsinMaggie’slife.TheboychasesMaggieandatlastMaggiefallsinlovewithhim,buttheirlovecouldn’tbeacceptedbysociety.Maggiecomplieswiththewillinherheart;shegoesoutandplayswithherlover.Morethanonehundredyearsago,women’sstatusislowerthanmen.Peoplethinkwomenshouldrelyonmen.Whentheyaregirls,theyshouldobeytheirfather,andwhenthey