考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版.docx
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考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版.docx
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考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版
2007年考研英语真题原文及参考答案完整版
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theideasofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety,6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.
Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown,12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.
Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully
3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected
4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted
5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return
6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally
7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical
8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform
9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover
10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by
11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded
12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While
13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against
14.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence
15.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish
16.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised
17.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original
18.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher
19.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred
20.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[D]unpreparedfor
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:
elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced.
Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?
Hereareafewguesses:
a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)noneoftheabove.
AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:
trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson“encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:
thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers-whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming-arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.
[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[A]fun.
[B]craze.
[C]hysteria.
[D]excitement.
23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory
[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.
[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.
[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.
[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.
[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”
[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”
[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”
[D]“Likefather,likeson.”
Text2
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228-thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?
Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.
Clearly,intelligenceencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?
Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?
ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:
theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.
Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?
”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip.
26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.
[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[C]Tellingthedifferencesbet
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