浙江工业大学《无机化学》(上册)期末考试模拟试卷及答案(原稿)[1].doc
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浙江工业大学《无机化学》(上册)期末考试模拟试卷及答案(原稿)[1].doc
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《无机化学》(上册)期末考试模拟试卷
试卷
(一)
一、填空题(每空1分,共30分)
1.测定溶液酸碱性的方法很多,定性测定可用_______________.定量测定可用____________.
2.原子轨道组成分子轨道的原则是:
对称性原则、________________原则、_________________原则。
3.已知下列元素在周期表中的位置,写出它们的外层电子构型和元素符号.
(1)第四周期第ⅣB族________________________;
(2)第五周期第ⅥA族________________________.
4.空气中的SO2与水作用并经氧化,生成___________使大理石转化为_________,________,因而使雕象遭到破坏.
5.分子分散系是一种单相体系,粗分散系是一种_________,胶体分散系是一种_________.
6.已知反应:
2NO+Cl2=2NOCl,当CNO增大一倍,其反应速度为原来的4倍,而C(Cl2)增大一倍,其反应速度为原来的2倍,其反应速度方程为
______________,该反应为___________级反应.
7.含醋酸,醋酸钠各0.1mol·L-1的溶液90mL,加入10mL0.01mol·L-1的NaOH,加NaOH前溶液的pH值是________,加入NaOH后溶液的pH是_______.已知KHAc=1.8×10-5
8.从水的E—pH图可知:
(b)线代表_________________________________________处于电化学平衡时电极电势和pH值的关系线,
(a)(a) 线代表________________________________________
处于电化学平衡时电极电势和pH值的关系线。
9.稀有气体的第一个化合物—————————,,是由————————于————————年制备的。
10.臭氧的氧化性______于氧气,可将某些元素氧化到不稳定的高氧化态如________________
11.亚氯酸可用_____________________反应而制得水溶液,它极不稳定迅速分解,反应式为:
。
12.将常压HF和水蒸气分别置于一根1.5米长的玻璃管两端,使其向管内自由扩散,则U(HF)/U(H2O)为______,两气体在离通入HF端_________米相遇而生成白烟?
13.在150mL0.10mol·L-1NH3·H2O溶液中加入50mL0.10mol·L-1HCl溶液后,其pH值为__,该溶液______.(填具有或不具有缓冲性)(K(NH3·H2O)=1.8×10-5)
14.测得人体血液的冰点降低值△Tf是0.56,则在体温37℃时的渗透压为_________kPa,相当于atm.
(已知Kf=1.86)
15.电子以下列排布式排布的元素分别属于第几周期,第几族(主、付)?
(1)[Xe]4f145d106s26p1_______________________;
(2)[Ar]3d74s2_____________________________。
二、单项选择题(每题2分,共18分)
1.下列反应中属于歧化反应的是()
A.BrO3﹣+5Br﹣+6H+=3Br2+3H2OB.3Cl2+6KOH=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O
C.2AgNO3=2Ag+2NO2+O2↑D.KClO3+6HCl(浓)=3Cl2↑+KCl+3H2O
2.卤素的原子特性是()
(1).最外电子层结构是ns2np5(2.)半径随原子序数增加而增大
(3).都有获得一个电子成为卤离子的强烈倾向
(4.)随着原子序数增加,核对价电子的引力逐渐增大
A.
(1)和(3)B.
(2)和(4)C.
(1),(3),(4)D.
(1),
(2),(3)
3.在周期表中氡(Rn原子序数86)以下的另一个未发现的稀有气体元素的原子序数应是()
A
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