辩论 是否应开发外太空 资料汇总.docx
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辩论 是否应开发外太空 资料汇总.docx
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辩论是否应开发外太空资料汇总
Sincespaceexplorationfirstbeganinthe1960s,spacecraftshaveexploredeverytypeofobjectintheSolarSystemandinouterspace.Duringthefiftyyearssincethefirstspaceexpedtionsweremade,spaceshipshavetravelledaroundtheSolarSystemvisitingallkindsofdifferntplanets.Withthedevelopmentofouterspaceexploration,manypeoplebegintodoubtwhethertheendeavorisworthwhile.Itistruethatsomemoneyandotherresourcesmustbespentinthisarea,butinmyopinion,humanbeingsshouldcontinuetheadventurebecauseitcanaddtoourknowledge,acquirenewresources,andevenfindplaceswherehumanbeingscanlive.
Tobeginwith,theexplorationofouterspacewilladdtoourknowledgeabouttheuniverseaswellasabouttheearth.Althoughhumanbeingshavebeenlivingontheearthforthousandsofyears,weknowverylittleaboutit.Forthousandsofyears,humanbengshavemadeeveryendenvortoexploretheunknownwhich inspireedmanymythsandimagination.Wealwaysdreamedoftravellinginspace,andwantedtoexploretheunknowntoanswermanyquestionsabouttheUniverse,suchas,howthestars,thesun,andtheplanetsweremade,andwhetherlifeexistselsewhere. Withthelunchoftheaircrafts, weare usheredinaneweraofspaceage. Thoseattemptstoexploreouterspacewillcertainlyshedlightonallthesequestionsandbringusagreatmanybenefits.
Inaddition,theexplorationofouterspacemayhelpmitigatetheenergycrisis.Asweallknow,ouroil,coal,andotherconventionalfuelswillbeexhaustedinthenearfuture.Althoughthescientistsarelookingforalternativesontheearth,suchasnuclearpower,wemaylaunchspacecrafttothemoonorotherplanets,wherenaturalresourcesmightbeabundantanduntapped.Forinstance,thecleanestkindofenergyissolarenergystraightfromthesun. Ifwebuildsolarpanelsinspacethataren'trightinbetweenEarthandtheSun,we'renotcuttingoffanysunlighttotheplanetandwe'renottakingupanyrealestateonthesurface. IfwezaptheenergydowntoEarth,it'sbasicallyaninfinitesourceofpower. Butbuildinganysortofpowerplantlikethatonalargeenoughscalerequiresamuchmoreadvancedpresence.
Lastbutnotleast,theexplorationofouterspacefortheLong-termsurvivalofthespecies. Ourearthisbecomingmoreandmoreuninhabitablebecauseofthepopulationexplosion. Althoughwehavetriedvariousmeanstorelievetheburdenofoverpopulation,suchasthebuildingofskyscrapersandthepracticeofbirthcontrol,buttheproblemisgettingincreasinglyserious.Inconcequence,soonerorlatertherewillbeaneedtofindnewhabitationforhumanbeings.Thebestway,Ithink,istoturnoureyestoouterspace.IfwereallydodestroytheEarthsomehow,orifthere'saterribledisease,orifwebuildrobotsthatoverthrowanddestroyhumanity,orifthere'sanuclearwarandeveryoneonEarthisdestroyed,we'renotoutofthegameiftherearemorepeoplewhoaren'tonEarth. Ifsurvivalofthespeciesishumanity'smostimportantgoal,thengettingabackupbaseofoperationsoffthegroundisavitallong-termstep. Plus,inacouplebillionyears,whenthesungoesnova,we'llneedtobesomewherereallyfaraway,andwhynotstartplanningnow?
Sincespaceexplorationhassomanyimportantadvantages,thereisnoreasonforanyobjectiontoit.Thosewhoonlyseethefinancialandmaterialresourcesusedforthisundertakingarenear-sighted.Wouldtheyleavetheearthinastateofovercrowding,energyshortage,andseverepollution?
Wouldtheyremainignorantoftheearthuponwhichhumanbeingsdependforsurvival?
Ifnot,theyshouldchangetheirpositionandsupporttheschemeforspaceexploration.
HumanSpaceExploration
Humanity'sinterestintheheavenshasbeenuniversalandenduring.Humansaredriventoexploretheunknown,discovernewworlds,pushtheboundariesofourscientificandtechnicallimits,andthenpushfurther.Theintangibledesiretoexploreandchallengetheboundariesofwhatweknowandwherewehavebeenhasprovidedbenefitstooursocietyforcenturies.
HumanspaceexplorationhelpstoaddressfundamentalquestionsaboutourplaceintheUniverseandthehistoryofoursolarsystem.Throughaddressingthechallengesrelatedtohumanspaceexplorationweexpandtechnology,createnewindustries,andhelptofosterapeacefulconnectionwithothernations.CuriosityandexplorationarevitaltothehumanspiritandacceptingthechallengeofgoingdeeperintospacewillinvitethecitizensoftheworldtodayandthegenerationsoftomorrowtojoinNASA(美国国家航空航天局NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration美国政府系统中的航空航天科研机构。
英文缩写NASA)onthisexcitingjourney.
AFlexiblePath
ThisisthebeginningofanewerainspaceexplorationinwhichNASAhasbeenchallengedtodevelopsystemsandcapabilitiesrequiredtoexplorebeyondlowEarthorbit,includingdestinationssuchasnear-EarthasteroidsandeventuallyMars.
NASAwillusetheInternationalSpaceStationasatest-bedandsteppingstoneforthechallengingjourneyahead.Bybuildinguponwhatwelearntherewewillprepareastronautsforthechallengesoflong-durationflightandthepermanentexpansionofhumanexplorationbeyondwherewehavebeenbefore.Explorersmayfirstvisitnear-Earthasteroidswherewemaygetanswerstothequestionshumanshavealwaysasked.Visitinganasteroidwillprovidevaluablemissionexperienceandprepareusforthenextsteps–possiblyforthefirsthumanstosteponMars.
RoboticexplorationcontinuestodeliverprofoundanswersaboutourUniversebyvisitingfar-offdestinations,providingreconnaissanceandcollectingscientificdata.Whencombiningbothhumanandroboticexplorationmethodswewillusetechnologyandoursensestoincreaseourabilitytoobserve,adapt,anduncovernewknowledge.
WhytheInternationalSpaceStation?
Thefirststepinembarkingonalongandchallengingjourneyinvolveslayingsolidgroundworkforasuccessfulendeavor.TheInternationalSpaceStationservesasanationallaboratoryforhumanhealth,biological,andmaterialsresearch,asatechnologytest-bed,andasasteppingstoneforgoingfurtherintothesolarsystem.OntheInternationalSpaceStationwewillimproveandlearnnewwaystoensureastronautsaresafe,healthyandproductivewhileexploring,andwewillcontinueexpandourknowledgeabouthowmaterialsandbiologicalsystemsbehaveoutsideoftheinfluenceofgravity.
NASAwillcontinueitsunprecedentedworkwiththecommercialindustryandexpandanentireindustryasprivatecompaniesdevelopandoperatesafe,reliableandaffordablecommercialsystemstotransportcrewandcargotoandfromtheInternationalSpaceStationandlowEarthorbit.
WhyAsteroids?
Asteroidsarebelievedtohaveformedearlyinoursolarsystem'shistory–about4.5billionyearsago–whenacloudofgasanddustcalledthesolarnebulacollapsedandformedoursunandtheplanets.ByvisitingthesenearEarthobjectstostudythematerialthatcamefromthesolarnebula,wecanlookforanswerstosomeofhumankind'smostcompellingquestions,suchas:
howdidthesolarsystemformandwheredidtheEarth'swaterandotherorganicmaterialssuchascarboncomefrom?
Inadditiontounlockingcluesaboutoursolarsystem,asteroidsmayprovidecluesaboutourEarth.ByunderstandingmoreaboutasteroidswemaylearnmoreaboutpastEarthimpactsandpossiblyfindwaystoreducethethreatoffutureimpacts.
Futureroboticmissionstoasteroidswillpreparehumansforlong-durationspacetravelandtheeventualjourneytoMars.Roboticmissionswillprovidereconnaissanceinformationaboutasteroidorbits,surfacecomposition,andevenreturnsamplestoEarthforfurtherevaluation.Theseroboticmissionsareacriticalstepinpreparinghumanstovisitasteroidswherewewilllearnaboutthevaluableresourcesavailableinspace,andfurtherdevelopwaystousetheminourquestformoreefficientandaffordableexploration.
WhyMars?
Marshasalwaysbeenasourceofinspirationforexplorersandscientists.Roboticmissionshavefoundevidenceofwater,butiflifeexistsbeyondEarthstillremainsamystery.RoboticandscientificroboticmissionshaveshownthatMarshascharacteristicsandahistorysimilartoEarth's,butweknowthattherearestrikingdifferencesthatwehaveyettobegintounderstand.HumanscanbuilduponthisknowledgeandlookforsignsoflifeandinvestigateMars'geologicalevolution,resultinginresearchandmethodsthatcouldbeappliedhereonEarth.
Amissiontoournearestplanetaryneighborprovidesthebestopportunitytodemonstratethathumanscanliveforextended,evenpermanent,staysbeyondlowEarthorbit.Thetechnologyandspacesystemsrequiredtotransportandsustainexplorerswilldriveinnovationandencouragecreativewaystoaddresschallenges.Aspreviousspaceendeavorshavedemonstrated,theresultingingenuityandtechnologieswillhavelonglastingbenefitsandapplications.
ThechallengeoftravelingtoMarsandlearninghowtolivetherewillencouragenationsaroundtheworldtoworktogethertoachievesuchanambitiousundertaking.TheInternationalSpacestationhasshownthatopportunitiesforcollaborationwillhighlightourcommoninterestsandprovideaglobalsenseofcommunity.
BenefitsofISSResearch
EarthframingtheInternationalSpaceStationinMay2010followingundockingofAtlantisduringtheSTS-132mission.(NASA)
ViewlargeimageAlmostassoonastheInternationalSpaceStationwashabitable,researchersbeganusingittostudytheimpactofmicrogravityandotherspaceeffectsonseveralaspectsofourdailylives.Thisuniquescientificplatformcontinuestoenableresearchersfromallover
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