裸眼3D技术论文外文翻译新式裸眼3D技术可应用于OLED屏幕.docx

裸眼3D技术论文外文翻译新式裸眼3D技术可应用于OLED屏幕.docx

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裸眼3D技术论文外文翻译新式裸眼3D技术可应用于OLED屏幕

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NewGlasses-Free3-DApproachCouldWorkonThin,FlexibleDisplays

3Dtelevisionwasheraldedasthebreakthroughtechnologyofthe2010ConsumerElectronicsShow.HotontheheelsofJamesCameron’seye-openingAvatar,3DHDTVswereeverywhereontheshowfloor.

Oneyearlater,atCES2011,3Dwasbackagain—thistimeiterating.Wesawbigger3DHDTVs,3Ddisplaysthatdidn’trequirespecialglasses,andcamcordersthatcaptured3Dcontent.

Butwhereis3Dnow?

It’scertainlynotshowingupbigonourCES2012radar,andnowlookslikeover-hypedtechnologyinhindsight—especiallytothoseofuswhoalwaysthought3D’snaturalhomewasinthemovietheater,notthelivingroom.

Indeed,avarietyofobstacles—highprices,alackof3Dcontent,anduncomfortableviewingexperiences—havekept3DTVadoptioninthesingledigitsnationwide.Manufacturersandcontentprovidersareworkingtoaddresstheseissues,butonehastowonderif3DwasnothingbutaflashintheCESpan—atechnologystoryratherthananythingconsumersactuallywanted.

In2010,consumerspurchasedapaltry1.1million3DTVunits,andalthoughsaleshavegrowninthetwoyearssince,thewidespread3DfervorthatTVmanufacturerswereanticipatingnevertookroot.

AccordingtoaJanuaryDisplaySearchreport,justmorethan23million3DTVswereshippedin2011worldwide,withonly3.6millionshippedintheU.S.

DisplaySearchanalystPaulGagnonsaysthatU.S.householdpenetrationfor3DTVsisatabout3percent.“Tobefair,3DTVshaveonlybeenavailableforsaleinasignificantwayforabout18months,sothat’swhythepenetrationissolow,”Gagnonsays.“Thatsaid,it’sstilllowerthanwhatmanyintheindustryhadhopedfor.”

MarketslikeChinaandwesternEuropeareseeingfarmoreenthusiasmfor3DTVthaninNorthAmerica,butworldwideadoptionisstilllikelylessthan2percent.

Sowhat’stoblame?

Thecontent,forone.

“Wehavedisappointedouraudiencemultipletimesnow,andbecauseofthatIthinkthereisgenuinedistrust—whereasayearandahalfago,therewasgenuineexcitement,enthusiasmandrewardforthefirstgroupof3Dfilmsthatactuallydeliveredaqualityexperience,”DreamworksanimationchiefJeffreyKatzenbergsaidinaninterviewwithTheHollywoodReporter.

AfterAvatar,astringofunsuccessful,rushed-to-market3Dflicks—we’relookingatyou,ClashoftheTitans—zoomedtotheatershopingtocashinonthecraze.Moviegoerswereleftwithabadtasteintheirmouths（andoftentimesheadaches,too,as3Dviewingcancauseeyestrain）.Sincethen,better-quality3DfilmslikeTron:

Legacy,and,morerecently,TinTinandHugo,havetriedtoimprove3D’simage.Meanwhile,small-screencontentprovidershavebranchedouttoprovideliveandon-demand3Dofferings.

Currently,thereare553Dchannelsworldwide,includingESPN3-D.Another35channelsoffer3Dcontenton-demand.

Ifcontentandadisillusionedaudiencearethebiggestproblem,that’sbadnewsformanufacturers:

Theyhavezerocontroloverthecontentsideoftheequation.

Tothisend,3DTVmanufacturersaredoingwhatevertheycantomakethe3Dviewingexperienceaspleasingandtrouble-freeaspossible.Thisincludesdoingawaywithuncomfortable,unattractive3Dglasses,whichhavealsobeencitedinstudiesasbarrierstoconsumeradoption.LG,forone,hasannouncedit’smaking3Dglassesthatarelighterandmorestylish.

Butevenhandsome3Dspecscan’tmitigatetheheadachesandfatiguesufferedbysomeviewersof3Dcontent,orthehighpricesof3DTVs.

So,yes,3DTVsareexpensive.Andtheycancauseheadaches.Andtheyaren’tsupportedbyalotofqualitycontent.Allofwhichbegsthequestion:

Who’sbuyingthesethingsatall?

Theexistingsales,howeverpaltry,canbeattributedtoconsumerdesiretopurchasehigh-endTVs.Consumersdon’treallywant3Dspecifically,butiftheywantthatpriciest,top-of-the-lineunit,they’llreceive3Dcapabilitywhethertheylikeitornot.“Sometimesconsumersareevenunaware[thatthey'regettinga3Dset]atthetimeofpurchase,”FuturesourceConsulting’sFionaHoysaid.

Whateverthereasonforpurchase,themostrecentstudiesindicateconsumersareslowlywarmingupto3D.AnOctoberreportfromtheDigitalEntertainmentGroupfoundthatthemajorityof3DTVownerssaytheexperienceispositive:

88percentofthosesurveyedrated3Dpicturequalitypositively,and85percentofthose3DTVownersprefertowatchmorethanhalfoftheirprogrammingin3D.

Aspricescomedown,morecontentbecomesavailable,and3Dglassesimprove（orarereplacedbyglasses-freetechnology）,3DTVadoptionwillonlyincrease.Whetherwereachthenear50percentadoptionratesthathavebeenprojectedfor2014and2015isyettobeseen.Butwhetheryoulikeitornot,3Ddoesnotappeartobeinitsdeaththroesjustyet.

Yes,we’llseenew3DdisplaysandaccessoriesatCESnextweek,butyoucanrestassuredthemanufacturers’over-reachinghypecampaignsareover.

Three-dimensionaltelevisionandthelikegotamajormarketingpushnearlytwoyearsagofromtheconsumerelectronicsandentertainmentindustries,yetthetechnologystillhasmajorlimitations.Whereasglasses-free3-Dontelevisionscreensandcomputermonitorsisseenascrucialtogeneratingwidespreadinterestinnewconsumerelectronics,forthemostpart,viewersstillneedtowearglassestoexperiencestereoscopic3-Dimages,althoughglasses-freeTVsarestartingtohitinJapan.

Theuseof3-Dsansspecshasbeenmuchmoresuccessfulinsmallerscreenssuchassmartphonesandportablegamingdevices.ButtheseLCDsmustbebacklittoworkproperly—whichcanbeabigbatterydrainandlimitshowsmallthegadgetscanbemade.

NowateamofresearchersinSouthKoreaisdevelopinganapproachtoautostereoscopic3-Dusingtinyprismsthatwouldenableviewerstoseethree-dimensionalimageswithoutglassesonorganiclight-emitting-diode（OLED）screens.BecauseOLEDsdonotneedtobebacklit—theygettheirlightingfromorganiccompoundsthatemitlightinresponsetoelectriccurrent—theycanbethinner,lighterandmoreflexiblethanLCDs.TheinnovationisdetailedinapaperpublishedintheAugust30issueofNatureCommunications.（ScientificAmericanispartofNaturePublishingGroup.）

Theresearchers—fromSeoulNationalUniversity,ActCompanyandMinutaTechnology—usedanarrayofmicroscaleprismsplacedonascreentocreateafilterthatguideslightdirectionally.Usingsuchaprismarray—whichtheresearchersrefertoasaluciusprismaftertheLatinwordmeaning"shiningandbright"—theywereabletodisplayanobjectonthescreenthatcouldbeseenonlywhenviewedfromaparticularangle.Theywerealsoabletomanipulatelightintensitysuchthattwodistinctlydifferentimagescouldbeshownfromthesamescreen—onetoaviewer'slefteyeandasecondimagetotherighteye.Seeingthetwoimagestogethercreatesasenseofdepththatthebrainperceivesas3-D,withoutthehelpofspecialeyeglasslenses.（ClickheretoseeaninteractivegraphicillustratingtheprincipleofautostereoscopicdisplaycreatedbyNewYorkUniversitycomputerscienceprofessorKenPerlin.）

Theluciusprismarraydescribedinthepaperisafour-centimetersquare,yettheresearchersestimatethesizecouldbeenlargedtothatofasmartphonescreenorevenavideomonitor.Theprismarraywasmadefromphotocurablepolyurethaneacrylate（PUA）,althoughanykindoftransparentpolymercouldbeused,saysHyunsikYoon,aprofessoratSeoulNationalUniversity'sSchoolofChemicalandBiologicalEngineeringinSouthKoreaandaresearcherontheproject.

Anotherapproachtoglasses-free3-Dhasbeentogenerate3-Dholograms.ResearchersattheUniversityofArizona'sCollegeofOpticalSciences（OSC）inTucson,Ariz.,lastyearreporteddevelopingtechnologythatcanwriteandrewritesuchhologramsontoaphotorefractivepolymereverytwosecondsusingalaser.Whereasfluidmotionviasuchholographicimagesremainselusive,OSC'spulsedlasercanwriteinformationintoanarrayofholographicpixels,orhogels,thatconveythree-dimensionaldepthbyshowingdifferentsidesoftheobjectdependingontheviewer'sangletothehologram.Itcanbeusedtoprovidefullparallax—viewerscanmovenotonlyfromsidetosidebutalsoupanddowntoseedifferentperspectives,accordingtoNasserPeyghambarian,chairofphotonicsandlasersatOSC.

YoonnotesthedistinctionbetweenhisworkandthatofOSC:

"TheworkdonebyPeyghambarianisaboutthehologram-typeautostereoscopic3-Ddisplay.Althoughitcouldbetheultimategoalof3-Ddisplays,ouropticalfilmcanbeusedandisapplicableforcommercializedLCDandOLEDdevicesbyjustputtingthefilmonthedisplaypanel."The3-Ddisplay'sresolutioncanbeimprovedbyshadowmasktechnologyalreadydevelopedintheOLEDindustrytodepositmaterialsonselectiveareas,Yoonadds.Onecriticismofshadowmaskevaporation,however,isthatitdoesnotscalewelltolarge-sizescreensandisnotconducivetohigh-volumemanufacturing,althoughthisisnotlikelyanissueyetforYoonandhiscolleagues（pdf）.

InadditiontoresearchdonebyYoonandOSC,3M'sOpticalSystemsDivisionannouncedin2009thatithaddevelopeda3-Dopticalfilmforhandhelddevicesthatenabledautostereoscopic3-Dviewingonmobilephone,gamingandotherhandhelddeviceswithouttheneedforglasses.SeoulNationalUniversity'sworkdiffersfrom3M'sinthatthe3MfilmcannotbeusedforOLEDdevices,whichhavenobacklightunit,Yoonsays.

Smartphonemakersarealreadybringing3-Dhandsetstomarketworldwide.TheHTCEVO3DandLGOptimus3Dfeature11-centimeterdisplaysthatuseparallaxb