高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读.docx
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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读.docx
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高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读
2020届二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测--代词指代题考查解读
【题型解读】
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多,动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。
有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。
设问形式常有:
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?
(2)Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”.
解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代
第一步:
明确代词所指代内容的位置
代词永远出现在原词之后,故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中,或者前几句中。
第二步:
熟悉代词的含义
(1)it/this/that可指代一件事。
(2)it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。
(3)which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词,非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。
第三步:
替换核实再比较
(1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词,核实句意是否合理,前后内容是否一致。
(2)比较所代部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。
例如:
【真题感悟】中第26题,sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应,由此可推知,拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友;thebelief替换that后,经核实意义正确,故选A项。
【课堂练习】
A
Throughoutthepastfewyears,Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala,anorphanage(孤儿院),withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:
7makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.
WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos,weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst,Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe,wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit,wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney,Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”,aswereferredto,isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome,butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.
I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith,butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala,Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth,butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.
Whenitwastimetoleave,Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间,改变了自己的生活,从而改变了自己的人生。
1.Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?
A.Desiretohelpothers.
B.Decreaseinhisincome.
C.Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.
D.Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第三、四句可知,作者了解到孤儿的生活之后,决定改变自己的生活。
故选C。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?
A.Removingthedoubt.
B.Uprootingtheweed.
C.Startingthefaithjourney.
D.Creatingthepigpen.
答案 D
解析 代词指代题。
根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出,it代指建造猪圈这件事。
故选D。
3.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?
A.Itwasregretful.
B.Itwasmeaningful.
C.Itwasinteresting.
D.Itwasfrightening.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。
故选B。
4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.AStepintoaNewWorld
B.AnAwfulFaithJourney
C.AGreatSuccessinLife
D.AReturnofConfidence
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。
根据最后一段中的“Overall,themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出,在危地马拉期间,作者改变了自己的生活,从而改变了人生。
故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。
故选A。
B
Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad,friesanddumplingstastebetter,andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience(CSRS)inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture,worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.
ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis,aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions,itproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themain3componentofvinegar.
Afterdiscoveringthis,thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.
It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment,wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice,wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful,”JongMyongKim,co-authorofthestudy,toldPopularSciencemagazine.
Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem,andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible,”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.
语篇解读 本文是一篇科普类文章。
文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象:
给植物加点“醋”,植物就能变得更耐旱……
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?
A.Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.
B.VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.
C.Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.
D.Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。
根据画线词前一句“Andnow,accordingtoscientists,itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。
故选A。
6.ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.
A.theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshape
B.soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinually
C.theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoil
D.theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知,在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。
故选D。
7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.
B.Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.
C.Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.
D.Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。
故选C。
8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.JapaneseScientistsFindaPlant
B.VinegarCouldEndHunger
C.VinegarandFood
D.PlantsNeedWater
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。
根据全文大意可知,科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候,提高粮食的产量,从而消除饥饿。
所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适,故选B。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起;根除
2.Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.障碍;障碍物
3.Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分,成分
4.WheatmaybePakistan’sstaplefood,andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的
5.Atthetime,IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者
(二)同义词语替换
6.We’retryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful
(三)一词多义
7.makeupn.化妆品;组成
(1)Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成
(2)Normallysheworelittlemakeup,butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品
8.penv.撰写;关(人或动物);n.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈;钢笔
(1)Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关(人或动物)
(2)Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写
(3)Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtrytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔
(4)Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.(临时圈养牲畜的)圈
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives,Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential:
makeupandanyothersortofluxury(奢侈品).
[句式分析] 本句话是一个并列句,第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构;第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致,故省略了主语I,且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构;thatwasn’tessential:
makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句,修饰限定everything。
[精美译文] 因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事,我感动得留下了眼泪,开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西:
化妆品和其他的奢侈品。
2.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days,theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.
[句式分析] 本句话是一个并列句,由并列词while构成,前后表示对比关系。
while前面的句子是主谓宾结构,其宾语为宾语从句thattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived,在宾语从句中treatedwithacetate作定语,修饰theones;while后面的句子是主谓结构。
[精美译文] 丢下这些植物不管14天后,他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的植物活了下来,而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。
强化练习
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI(artificialintelligence)conductedbyseveralscientists:
ScientistA:
IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI,thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However,noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus,ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives,butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.
ScientistB:
Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow,scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture,theirintelligencemay
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