最新中考初中英语 被动语态 专题复习学案.docx

最新中考初中英语 被动语态 专题复习学案.docx

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最新中考初中英语被动语态专题复习学案

中考初中英语被动语态专题复习学案

1.定义:

语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中

主语和谓语动词的关系。

如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用__主动___语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用__被动___语态.

2.英语中有两种语态：

主动语态与被动语态

3.主动语态变被动语态：

主动：

Theboybrokethewindowyesterday.

动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者

被动：

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.

动作承受者动词被动形式动作执行者

练习:

划出动作的执行者与承受者.

主动：

Bellinventedthetelephonein1876.

被动：

ThephonewasinventedbyBellin1876.

4.结构：

be（am/is/are/was/were）+V及过分

eg:

1.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

2.Abookiswrittenbyhim.

注：

不及物动词和系动词没有被动语态.

5.各种时态被动语态结构：

（1）一般现在时被动语态:

am/is/are+V及过分

eg:

Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

（2）一般过去时被动语态:

was/were+V及过分

eg:

Thebikewasboughtyesterday.

（3）含有情态动词的被动语态:

情态动词（can/may/must/should/need）+be+V及过分

eg:

1.Itcanbedoneinonehour.

2.Treesmustbeplantedeveryyear.

（4）一般将来时被动:

will/shallbe+V及过分

eg:

Themeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.

（5）现在进行时被动:

am/is/are+being+V及过分eg:

AnEnglishtalkisbeinggivenbyMr

Wang.

（6）现在完成时被动:

have/has+been+V及过分eg:

Manybuildingshavebeenbuiltinour

city.

（7）过去完成时被动:

hadbeen+V及过分

eg:

Lotsoftreeshadbeenplantedinthepastfewyears.

6.被动语态的基本用法：

1.强调或突出动作的执行者时用by+执行者.

eg:

Chineseisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.

2.没必要或无法说出动作的执行者.

eg:

1.CarsaremadeinShanghai.

2.Sweatersareusedforkeepingwarm

注：

1.汉语中的“被，受，由”等词在翻译英语时常用被动语态

2.含有hear/make/see的句子变为被动时，需要加to.

eg:

1.Ioftenhearhersinginthenextroom.

She_______often_____________sing

inthenextroom.

2.Thebossmadehisbrotherwork18

hoursaday.

Hisbrother_________________work18hoursaday.

3.用于词组的被动语态,常用于表示＂据说＂或＂相信＂，

eg：

Itissaidthat...（据说...）

Itisreportedthat…（据报道...）

Itiswell-knownthat…（众所周知）

4.有些动词用主动表被动：

write/sell/clean/wash/want（need）+doing/

want（need）+tobedone/beworthdoing

eg:

（1）这种食物尝起来好卖的也好.

Thisfoodtastes_____and_____well.

（2）这支笔写的很糟/流畅.

Thispen________badly/smoothly.

即学即练：

1.用括号中动词被动结构的适当形式填空.

1.English________widely___________（use）

intheworld.

2.She______（fall）illlastnight,andshe

___________（take）tothehospitalatonce.

3.TheGreatWall____________________（know）

allovertheworld.

4.Threechildren_______________（take）good

careofbythenurse.

5.Somenewhouses_________________（build）

bythevillagersthemselves.

6.Whatlanguage__________________（speak）

inJapan?

7.Theblackbike_____________________（buy）

inthatshopthreedaysago.

8.Thebigtree_____________________（blow）

downinthestormlastnight.

9.Computerscience_____________（teach）now

almostinalluniversities.

10.Thefirstrailwayintheworld__________

（design）inthelastcentury.

11.Thewindow_________________（notbreak）

bytheboyjustnow.

12.Visitors_____________________（ask）not

totouchtheexhibits（展览品）.

13.Abeautifulhorse___________________

（draw）byJohnyesterday.

14.Thepictures________________（take）by

Jacktomorrow.

15.Schoolfootballgame__________________（hold）lastFridayevening.

16.Anumberofthetrees________________

（plant）aroundDalianeveryyear.

17.Thisbook________________（write）forChinesechildrenatthattime.

18.He______________（invite）tothepartybyhisfriendslastMonday.

19.Thesportsmeeting__________________（hold）nextFriday.

二.单项选择.

1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?

A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Were,built

2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.

A.washappenedB.ishappenedC.happenedD.washappening

3.Cotton______inthesoutheastofChina.

A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow

4.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgivenB.hasbeengiven

C.willbegivenD.willgiven

5.Yourshoes____.Youneedanewpair.

A.wearoutB.wornout

C.arewornoutD.wearsout

6.Itisreportedthatmoreteaching

buildings_____________inourschoolnextterm.

A.willbebuiltB.willbuildC.wasbuiltD.built

7.Mary_______showmehernewdictionaryjustnow.

A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.isaskedD.asked

8.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.

A.jumpB.jumped

C.tojumpD.jumping

9.He_____________somepiecesofadvice,buthe__________tothem.

　A.gave,didn’tlisten　

B.wasgiven,wasn’tlistened

C.wasgiven,didn’tlisten

D.gives,doesn’tlisten　　

10.Astrangething______inourschool

yesterday.

A.washappened　

B.hasbeenhappened　

C.happened　　

D.happens　　

11.Jimwasn’tatschoolbecausehe_________tostayathome.

A.istoldB.told

C.wastoldD.willbetold

12.Theteachertoldhisstudentsthatthey_____tobeusefulmentothecountry.

A.wereallexpected　　　　

B.wereallexpecting

C.allwereexpected　　

D.expected　

13.___________thatSusancan’tgotothe

partybecauseshe_______________.

A.It’ssaid,didn’tinvite

B.It’ssaid,wasn’tinvited

C.Iwastold,wasn’tinvited

D.It’ssaid,doesn’tinvite

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1．阅读理解

   Awealthymanaskedanoldscholartotellhissonawayfromhisbadhabits.Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden.Stoppingsuddenly,hetoldtheboytopulloutatinyplantgrowingthere.

   Theyoungmanmadeiteasily.Theoldmanthenaskedhimtopulloutalittlebiggerplant.Theyoungmanpulledhardandtheplantcameoutwithitsroots.“Nowpulloutthatone,”saidtheoldman,pointingtoalittletree.Theboyhadtouseallhisstrengthtopullitout.

   “Nowtakethisoneout,”saidtheoldman,pointingatabigorangetree.Theyoungmanheldthetrunk（树干）andtriedtopullitout.Butitwouldnotmove.“It'simpossible”,saidtheboy,panting（喘息）withtheeffort.

   “Soitiswithbadhabits,”saidtheoldman.“Whentheyareyoung,itiseasytopullthemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,theycannotbeuprooted.”

   Theconversationwiththeoldmanchangedtheboy'slife.

（1）Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantotakeawalkwithhiminthe__________.

A. forest                                 B. park                                 C. garden                                 D. school

（2）Thescholaraskedtheyoungmantopulloutplantsfor_____times.

A. four                                     B. two                                     C. three                                     D. five

（3）Accordingtothepassage,thescholarmustbe__________.

A. astupidman                    B. alazyman                    C. awiseman                    D. afunnyman

（4）Thispassagemainlytalksabout___________.

A. weneedexercisemoretopulltreesout

B. howtogetawayfrombadhabits

C. talkingwithascholarisveryimportant

D. theearliergettingawayfrombadhabits,thebetter

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：

一个富人请求一位智者去除儿子的坏习惯。

智者把这个孩子带到了公园，要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生。

（1）C细节理解题。

根据短文第一段中的句子“Thescholartooktheyoungmanforawalkthroughagarden.”可知，智者让青年人在花园里与他一起散步，故答案为C。

（2）A细节理解题。

根据短文中出现的句子topulloutatinyplant，topulloutalittlebiggerplant.Nowpulloutthatone,saidtheoldman,pointingtoalittletree.“Nowtakethisoneout,”saidtheoldman,pointingatabigorangetree.可知，智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物。

故答案为A。

（3）C推理判断题。

智者要求这个年轻人先后四次拔出植物，由易到难，去除坏习惯也是如此，当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

智者的这堂特殊的课改掉了孩子的坏习惯，改变了男孩的一生，足以说明智者的聪明之处，故答案选C。

（4）D主旨大意题。

根据短文倒数第二段智者的话：

“Soitiswithbadhabits,”saidtheoldman.“Whentheyareyoung,itiseasytopullthemout.Butwhentheygodeeply,theycannotbeuprooted.”可知，坏习惯要及早的去除，越早远离坏习惯，越好。

故答案为D。

【点评】主旨大意题（主题、标题）在阅读理解中经常会出现。

第四小题适合用捕捉主旨大意来解题。

所谓主旨大意，也就是文章的中心思想，主题思想，中心观点，它常常针对文章的主题，作者的写作意图，文章段落的中心思想进行提问，这类题也叫归纳概括题。

文中智者用拔植物的难易来类比坏习惯的去除也是如此。

当它们还不明显的时候，去除它们很容易，但是当它们深深扎根的时候，就难以去除了。

也就是说越早远离坏习惯越好。

答案为D。

2．阅读理解

   Itwasafullmoonnight.Athiefwasgettingreadytostealsomethingfromavillager'shouse.Hegottothehouse,andthenwentinsidequietly.Bythemoonlightoutside,heenteredadarkroom.Hecouldnotevenseehisownhandsorfeet.Butonthewallneartheroof,therewasaventilator（通风设备）.Themooncreatedacircleoflightonit.Thethiefbroughtaclothwithhiminordertogettogetherallthethingshehopedtosteal.Hespreaditoutonthefloorandwentinsidethestoreroom,whereallthethingswerekept.

   Hedidn'tknowthattheownerofthehousewasawakeandwatching.Assoonasthethiefwentinsidethestoreroom,hegotupquicklyfromhisbed,andpickeduptheclothwhichthethiefhadspreadout.Hecamebacktohisbed,whichwasinonedarkcorneroftheroom,andwaitedforthethieftocomeout.

   Atthesametime,thethiefwentoncollectingthethingshewantedandthrewthemonthefloorwhereheknewhehadspreadoutthecloth.Soontherewasalittlemountaininthecenteroftheroom.Thenthethieflookedaroundfortheendoftheclothtotieupthestolenthings.Atthattime,thehouseownerletoutabiggroan--adeepgroan.Thethiefwassoscaredthathehurriedtorunaway.Thethiefnotonlyfailedtosteal.Butalsolosthiscloth.

（1）Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatthethiefwastostealsomethingfromavillager'shouse     .

A. intheafternoon                    

B. inthemorning                    

C. atnight                    

D. atnoon

（2）Theunderlinedword“groan”means“         ”.

A. .呼吸                                

B. 呻吟般的声音                                

C. 休息                                

D. 铃声

（3）Whatofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?

A. Thethiefspreadtheclothoutonthefloorandwentinside.         

B. Thethiefwassoscaredafterthehouseownerletoutabiggroan.

C. Theownerofthehouseasleep.     

D. Thethiefnotonlyfailedtosteal,butalsolosthiscloth.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】文章讲述了一个小偷半夜溜进一家房子，准备偷东西后来主人醒了，小偷被吓跑，什么也没偷到的故事。

（1）细节推理题。

根据“ Itwasafullmoon