四级深度阅读试题精选5套10篇.docx
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四级深度阅读试题精选5套10篇.docx
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四级深度阅读试题精选5套10篇
深度阅读试题精选——五套共十篇
第一套
SectionB
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
选材题源NewScientist《新科学家》
选材仿真度★★★★
仿真设题57题仿照2008年6月第57题设题;58题仿照2010年12月第58题设题;
59题仿照2006年6月第59题设题;60题仿照2009年6月第61题设题;
61题仿照2008年6月第66题设题。
Doyoubelievethatsomeprinciplesaresacred?
Ifyoudo,itcouldmakeyouahawkratherthanadoveintimeofwar.Anewstudysuggeststhatmostsocietieshave“sacredrules”forwhichtheirpeoplewoulddieratherthancompromise.Ifpeopleperceiveonesuchruletohavebeenviolated,theymayfeelmorallyobligedtoretaliate(报复)againstthewrongdoers—eveniftheretaliationdoesmoreharmthangood.
PsychologistJeremyGingesandanthropologistScottAtranpresented50USstudentswithahypotheticalcrisisinwhichaforeigncountrycaptured100UScitizensandwasexpectedtokillthem.Halfthevolunteerswereaskedtoconsideramilitaryresponsetothekidnapping,andhalfadiplomaticresponse.
Whentoldthattheiractionwouldresultinallhostages(人质)beingsaved,bothgroupsapprovedtheplanpresentedtothem.Toldthatonehostagewoulddie,however,most“diplomats”becamereluctanttoapprovetheproposedresponse.“Militarists”hadnosuchdoubts.Infact,themostcommonresponsesuggestedthattheywouldsupportmilitaryactionevenif99hostagesdiedasaconsequence.SimilarresultswerefoundinstudiesofNigerianandPalestinianvolunteers.“Peoplearemuchmorewillingtoacceptgrievouslossesduringviolencethanindiplomacy,”Atransays.“Itdoesn’tmakeanysense.”
Atranhasatheorytoexplaintheunusualresults.Thediplomatsconsideredthecostsandbenefitsoftheirdecisionbutthemilitary-thinkersapparentlyignoredsuchconsiderations,hethinks.Heconcludesthattheirdecisionmusthavebeengovernedbytheirsociety’ssacredrulesinstead.
Inthehostagesituation,theabductors(绑架者)werethreateningtoviolatethesacredruleagainstkillinginnocentpeople.Thatrulewassostrongfortheparticipantsthattheyfeltmorallyobligedtomeetviolencewithviolence,regardlessoftheoutcome.
“Theirideasareimmenselyplausible,”saysDavidLivingstoneSmith,aphilosopherattheUniversityofNewEnglandinBiddeford,Maine—althoughhepointsoutthattheexperimentsonlyrevealwhatpeoplesaytheywoulddo,notwhattheyactuallywoulddo.
Arelianceonsacredrulesmayhavebeenbeneficialinhumans’distantpast,whichmightexplainhowtherulesemerged,saysDominicJohnson,whostudiesglobalconflictandcooperationattheUniversityofEdinburgh,UK.Earlygroupsofhumanswhocementedthemselvestogetherwithasharedsetofsuchsacredruleswouldhavehadanadvantageoverlesscooperativegroups,hethinks.Howrelevanttheseresultsaretothebehaviourofpoliticalormilitaryleadersisstillupfordebate.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57.Whatdoweknowaboutsacredrulesfromthefirstparagraph?
A)Sacredrulesaskpeopletodieinwars.C)Violationofsacredrulesisnotforgivable.
B)Peoplecompromiseinfrontofthem.D)Wrongdoersarepunishedbyrulemakers.
58.By“halfadiplomaticresponse”(Line3,Para2),theauthorreferstothevolunteerswho.
A)respondedtotheresearchinaverydiplomaticway
B)wereaskedtoresorttopeacefulmethodstosolvetheproblem
C)reactedtothesituationattheriskoftheirownlives
D)offeredtosolvethecrisiswithonlyhalfthemoney
59.Inthehostagesituation,whyarepeoplewillingtouseviolencedespiteterribleconsequences?
A)Theirsociety’ssacredrulescompelthemtodoso.
B)Theirpreviousexperiencesteachthemtodolikethis.
C)Theycaremoreaboutprotectingthelivesofthehostages.
D)Theygiveprioritytothecostsandbenefitsoftheirdecision.
60.WhatdoesDavidLivingstoneSmiththinkabouttheparticipants’violentresponse?
A)Itisaviolationtothesociety’ssacredrules.
B)Itismoresensibletomakecompromise.
C)Itseemsreasonableforpeopletoturntoviolence.
D)Itreflectswhatpeoplewillactuallydoinreallife.
61.AccordingtoDominicJohnson,sacredruleswereusefulinthepastinthat.
A)manyconflictswereavoidedbythemC)theygovernedthesocietyasthelaw
B)peoplecouldtakeadvantageofthemD)theymadepeoplemorecooperative
PassageTwo
Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
选材题源TheWashingtonPost《华盛顿邮报》
选材仿真度★★★★★
仿真设题62题仿照2009年6月第63题设题;63题仿照2007年12月第61题设题;
64题仿照2006年12月第57题设题;65题仿照2008年6月第59题设题;
66题仿照2008年6月第60题设题。
Callittherealnightshift—thatnocturnal(夜间的)periodwhenbleary-eyedadultsleavewarmbedstotendtotheneedsofsickkids,elderlyparentsoranillspouse.So,whotakesthenightshift:
MomorDad?
Womenare2.5timesaslikelyasmentointerrupttheirsleeptocareforothers,accordingtoanewstudybyresearchersfromtheUniversityofMichigan.Andoncethey’reup,womenareawakelonger:
44minutes,comparedwith30minutesformen.
“Peoplearegettingupforotherthings,too.Butmorewomenarespecificallygettinguptocarefordependents—thatincludesfeeding,tendingtophysicalormedicalcare,andespeciallyforyoungchildren,”saysthestudy’sleadresearcher,SarahBurgard,anassistantprofessorofsociologyandepidemiologyattheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofPublicHealthinAnnArbor.
Amongdual-incomecoupleswithachildyoungerthan1,32percentofwomenreportedsleepinterruptionsonagiven24-hourperiod,comparedwith11percentofmen.Forthosewithchildrenaged3to5,3percentofmothersand1percentoffathersexperiencedinterruptedsleep.Overall,aftercontrollingthedatafordifferencesinworkcommitment,partnershipstatusandotherfactors,Burgardsaid,motherstook“thenightshiftofcaretaking”about2.5timesasoftenasfathers.
Accordingtothestudy,thegendergapwasthegreatestduringtheparents’primechildbearingandchild-rearingyears,their20sand30s—whichisalsotheoptimalperiodforearningsandcareerdevelopment.Sleep-deprivedindividualsdonotfunctionwellonthejob,Burgardsaid:
“Poorsleepqualitymanifestsquickly:
You’reunabletofocus...It’sareallimitation.”Previousresearchintowomen’slackofsufficientsleepnotedproblemssuchasundiagnosedsleepapnea(呼吸暂停症)anddepression,shesaid,butthisstudyshedslightonanotherfactor:
gender-definedresponsibilities.
Whetherthewomanwasthe“primarycaregiver,primarybreadwinner,itdidn’tmatter,”saysBurgard.Amongparentsofchildrenyoungerthan1,28percentofwomenwhowerethesoleearnerinthecouplereportedgettingupinthemiddleofthenighttotakecareofchildren,comparedwith4percentofmenwhowerethesolebreadwinner.“Theprimarycareresponsibilitiesstillbelongtofemalesregardlessofotherobligations,”saysBurgard.
注意:
此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62.Whatdoes“thenightshift”inthefirstparagraphreferto?
A)Interruptionofsleeptotakecareofothers.
C)Workingatnighttendingtothepatients.
B)Gettingupatmidnighttoconductresearch.
D)Proportionofparentsputtingchildrentobed.
63.Asismentionedinthepassage,womengetupatnightspecificallyforreasonslike.
A)watchingTVprogramsC)lockingthedoorsandwindows
B)studyingforpromotionD)lookingaftertheiryoungchildren
64.Whatdoweknowaboutgendergapfromthestudy?
A)Itexistsonlyinone’s20sand30swhenpeopleareinthecriticalperiodofcareerdevelopment.
B)Itcausesthegreatdifferenceforpeople’searningsintheir20sand30s.
C)Itisthegreatestinparents’bestyearsofbearingandrearingchildren.
D)Ithelpsfathersgetgoodexcuseswhentheydon’twanttolookafterthechildren.
65.Anewdiscoveryofthisstudyisthatwomen’slackofsufficientsleepmaybearesultof.
A)undiagnosedsleepapneaC)impropermedicaltreatment
B)commitmenttotheirworkD)theirspecialdutiesasfemale
66.AccordingtoBurgard,morewomengetupatnighttocarefortheirchildren.
A)onlywhenmenarethesolebreadwinnersC)whenthechildrenbecomeolderandstronger
B)whethertheyareprofessionalfemalesornotD)whenmenearnmoremoneythanwomen
第二套
SectionB
Directions:
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
选材题源TheNewYorkTimes《纽约时报》
选材仿真度★★★★
仿真设题57题仿照2008年6月第59题设题;58题仿照2009年12月第58题设题;
59题仿照2008年12月第66题设题;60题仿照2006年6月第60题设题;
61题仿照2010年6月第62题设题。
Anewstudyreportsthatmenwhoseparentsdivorcedbeforetheywere18aretwotothreetimesaslikelytoseriouslyconsidertakingtheirownlivesasmenwhoseparentswerenotdivorcedbythatage.Womenwhoseparentsdivorcedbyage18werenotaffectedassignificantly.They,too,thoughtaboutsuicidemoreoftenthanotherwomen,butthethoughtswereexplainedbyotherdistressingexperiencesthey’dhad,likechildhoodabuse.
Divorcemightbeexpectedtohaveabiggeroverallimpactondaughtersthanonsons,sinceingeneralwomentendtobemoreliablethanmentodepressionandsuicidalthoughts.Butthefindingswerenotasurprisetothestudy’sleadauthor,Dr.EsmeFuller-Thomson,aprofessoroffamilyandcommunitymedicineattheUniversityofToronto.
Shenotedthatin
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- 深度 阅读 试题 精选 10