太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译.docx
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太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译.docx
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太阳能发电中英文翻译Solarelectricalenergygeneration文献翻译
文献翻译
英文原文:
Solarelectricalenergygeneration
Alongwitheconomicaldevelopment,society'sprogress,thepeopletotheenergyproposedthatmoreandmorehighrequest,seeksforthenewenergytobecometheurgenttopicwhichthecurrenthumanityfaces.Theexistingenergymainlyhas3kinds,namelythermalpower,waterandelectricityandnuclearpower.
Thethermalpowerneedstoburnfossilfuelsandsoonbunkercoal,petroleum.Ontheonehandthefossilfuelreserveslimited,thefeverareless,isfacingthedangerwhichdriesup.Itisestimatedthattheworldoilresourcewillhave30yearsthentodryupagain.OntheotherhandthecombustionfuelwilldischargeCO2andthesulfuroxidecompound,willthereforecausethegreenhouseeffectandtheacidrain,willworsentheterrestrialenvironment.
Thewaterandelectricitymustsubmergethemassivelands,hasthepossibilitytocausetheecologicalenvironmenttodestroy,moreoverlargereservoir,oncecollapses,theconsequencewillbeinconceivable.Moreover,country'shydro-electricresourcesarealsolimited,moreovermustreceivetheseasoninfluence.
Thenuclearpowerinthenormalconditionnodoubtisclean,buthasthenuclearleakageaccidentally,theconsequenceissimilarlyfearful.TheformerSovietUnionChernobylNuclearPowerStationaccident,hascaused9,000,000peopletoreceivethevaryingdegreeharm,moreoverthisinfluencehasnotterminated.
Theseforcethepeopletoseekforthenewenergy.Thenewenergymustsimultaneouslymeettwoconditions:
First,theimplicationrichwillnotdryup;Second,issafe,isclean,willnotthreatenthehumanityandthedestructionenvironment.Atpresentfoundthenewenergymainlyhadtwokinds:
first,solarenergy;second,fuelcell.Moreover,thewindpowergenerationmayalsobetheauxiliarynewenergy.And,themostidealnewenergyisgreatlypositiveenergy.
1.Thesolarelectricalenergygenerationisthemostidealnewenergy
ShinesishugeonEarth'ssolarenergy,about40minutesshineonEarth'ssolarenergy,thensufficientlysuppliesglobalhumanityoneyearenergytheexpense.Itcanbesaidthatthesolarenergyistrueinexhaustible,theinexhaustibleenergy.Moreoverthesolarelectricalenergygenerationisabsolutelyclean,doesnothavetheenvironmentaldamage.Thereforethesolarelectricalenergygenerationishonoredasistheidealenergy.
Obtainstheelectricpowerfromthesolarenergy,mustcarryontheelectro-opticaltransformationthroughthegreatlypositivebatterytorealize.Itcompletelywasformerlydifferentwithotherpowersourceelectricitygenerationprinciple,hasthefollowingcharacteristic:
①Non-depletiondanger;②Clean(doesnothaveenvironmentaldamage)absolutely;③Itisnotdistributedtheresourcestheregionthelimit;④Butisusingelectricityplacenearbygenerateselectricity;⑤Theenergyqualityishigh;⑥Theusereasytoacceptfromthesentiment;⑦Thegainenergyexpenditure'stimeisshort.Thedeficiencyis:
①Theilluminationenergydistributiondensityissmall,namelymusttakethehugearea;②Obtainstheenergywithfourseasons,thedayandnightsandcloudyclearandsoonmeteorologicalconditionsconcerns.Butgenerallyspeaking,theflawdoesnotcoverthefinejade,takesthenewenergy,thesolarenergyhastheenormousmerit,thereforereceivesvariouscountriesthevalue.
Mustenablethesolarelectricalenergygenerationtoachievethepracticalleveltruly;first,mustraisethesolarenergyelectro-opticconversionefficiencyandreduceitscost;second,mustrealizethesolarelectricalenergygenerationwithpresent'selectricalnetworknetworking.
Atpresent,solarpanelsmainlyhasthemono-crystallinesilicon,thepolycrystallinesilicon,theamorphousstatesiliconthreekinds.Themono-crystallinesiliconsolarcellconversionefficiencyishighest,hasreachedabove20%,butthepriceisalsothemostexpensive.Theamorphousstatesiliconsolarcellconversionefficiencyislowest,butthepriceisthecheapest,fromnowonmostwillbehopefulusesingenerallygeneratingelectricitywillbethiskindofbattery.Onceitsbigareamoduleelectro-opticconversionefficiencyachieves10%,eachwattgeneratingsetpricefallsto1-2USdollars,thensufficientlycompetewithpresent'selectricitygenerationway.Itisestimatedthatattheendofthiscenturyitmayachievethislevel.
Certainly,inthespecialuseandthelaboratoryusesthesolarcellefficiencymustbemuchhigher,iftheUSBoeingdevelopsbythegalliumarsenicsemiconductorwiththepositiveelectricityplacewhichtoothestibiumgalliumsemiconductoroverlapsbecomes,theelectro-opticconversionefficiencymayreach36%,hascaughtupwiththecoal-burningelectricitygenerationefficiencyquickly.Butbecauseitistooexpensive,atpresentcanonlyberestrictedonthesatelliteuses.
2.Solarelectricalenergygenerationapplication
Althoughsolarelectricalenergygenerationdayandnights,clearandrain,seasoninfluence,butmaycarryonscattered,thereforeitissuitableforvariouseachhouseholdminutetocarryontheelectricitygenerationseverally,moreovermustjoininthepowersupplynetwork,causeseachfamilywhentheelectricpoweriswealthymaysoldittotheElectricitycompany,whentheinsufficiencybepossiblefromtheElectricitycompanytobuyup.Realizesthispoint’stechnologynottobedifficulttosolve,thekeyliesinmusthavethecorrespondinglegalsafeguard.NowtheUS,Japanandsoondevelopedcountryhasmadethecorrespondinglaw,guaranteedthatcarriesonthesolarelectricalenergygenerationthefamilybenefit,encouragesthefamilytocarryonthesolarelectricalenergygeneration.
Japanhasrealizedthesolarelectricalenergygenerationsystemthesameelectricitycompanyelectricalnetwork'snetworkinginApril,1992,hadsomefamiliestostarttoinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment.TheJapaneseMinistryofInternationalTradeandIndustrystartedfrom1994takeindividualhousingasanobject,implementedtopurchasesthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment'sexpensetosubsidize2/3systems.Requeststhefirstyearhad1000householdsfamilies,when2000tohave70,000householdsfamiliestoinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment.
AccordingtotheJapaneseDepartmentconcernedestimatesintheJapanese21,000,000householdsindividualhousing,ifhas80%toinstallthesolarelectricalenergygenerationequipment,thenmaysatisfy14%whichthenationaltotalpowerneeds,ifunitsandsoonfactoryandofficebuildingalsocarryonthesolarelectricalenergygenerationwiththeroom,thenthesolarelectricalenergygenerationwilloccupythenationalelectricpower30%-40%.ThecurrenthindrancesolarelectricalenergygenerationpopularmostprimaryfactoristheexpenseisexpensiveInordertosatisfythegeneralfamilypowerrequirement3kilowattgeneratingsystem,needs6,000,000to7,000,000JapaneseYen,hasnotincludedtheinstallmentwages.Theconcernedexpertbelievedthatwhenmustfallatleastto1,000,000to2,000,000JapaneseYen,thesolarelectricalenergygenerationonlythencanpopularizetruly.Thekeytoreducetheexpenselieinthesolarcelltoraisetheconversionefficiencyandtoreducethecost.
Sometimeago,theUSTexasInstrumentsCompanyandSCECorporationannouncedthattheydeveloponekindofnewsolarcell,eachunitisthediameterlessthan1millimeterbead,theydistributeregularlydenselyandnumerouslyonthesoftaluminumfoil,lookslikemanysilkwormeggstoclingonthepaperisthesame.Thendistributesinabout50squarecentimetersareahas1,700suchunits.Thiskindofnewbattery'scharacteristicis,althoughtheconversionefficiencyhas8%-10%,butthepriceischeap.Moreoveraluminumfoilbottombushsoftsolid,maylookliketheclothtofoldequallyatwill,anddurable,hangsintowardthesunplacethenmaygenerateelectricity,isconvenient.Itissaidthatusesthiskindofnewsolarcell,solongaseachwattpowercapacityequipment1.5to2USdollars,moreovereachroundofonceelectricity'sexpensemightalsofallto14centsabout,definitelymaycompetewiththeordinarypowerplant.Eachfamilyhangsthiskindofbatteryontheroof,thewalltowardthesun,everyyearmayobtain1,000-2,000degreeselectricpowers.
3.Solarelectricalenergygenerationprospect
Thesolarelectricalenergygenerationhasamoreexcitingplan.First,Japanproposescreatesthecenturyplan.Preparesthedesertandtheseaareacarriesontheelectricitygenerationusingtheground,andthroughsuperconductingcablewholeworldsolarpowerstationconnectionunificationelectricalnetworkinordertoglobal.Accordingtoreckoning,to2000,in2050,in2100,evenifallusesthesolarelectricalenergygenerationsuppliesthewholeworldenergy,theoccupyinglandareaisalso651,100squarekilometer,1,867,900squarekilometer,8,291,900squarekilometers.8,291,900squarekilometersonlyoccupythecompleteseaarea2.3%orthecompletedesertarea51.4%,evenistheSaharaarea91.5%.Thereforethisplanhasthepossibilitytorealize.
Anotheroneisthespaceelectricitygenerationplan.Asearlyasin1980theNASAandDepartmentofEnergyproposedthatinthespatialconstructionsolarpowerstationtentativeplan,preparesonthesynchronousorbittoputonelong10kilometers,toextend5kilometerbigplates,abovecoversentirelythesolarcell,likethisthenmayprovide5,000,000kilowattselectricpowers.Butthisneedstosolvetothegroundwirelesselectrictransmissionquestion.Alreadyproposedwiththemicrowavebeam,thelaserbeamandsooneachkindofplan.Atpresentalthough
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