英文原版施工方法BS标准.docx
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英文原版施工方法BS标准.docx
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英文原版施工方法BS标准
1StructureWorks
1.1SiteSurvey
Generalinformation
Thisprojectismadeof1269setsvillas.Mostvillasare2layersandpartsare3layers.
Enteringsite
Beforeconstructing,withthehelpofthesurveyengineersentbytheclient,themapofplanecontrolpoint,coordinate,locationofpoint,elevationandthesurveypositionsystemsthatareofferedbytheclientshouldbereceived.
Togetcorrectlyconditionsofthecontrolpointandsurveypositionsystem,theplanecontrolnetworkshouldbechecked,whichisofferedbytheclient.Whenchecking,GPSandElectronicTacheometercanbeused,andrigorousadjustmentmustbeadopted.Thecheckedresultshouldbereporttotheclientandsupervisorengineer.
Erectionofthesitecontrolnetwork
Erectionofthehorizontalcontrolnetwork
Accordingtohorizontalcontrolpointofferedbytheclient,awholehorizontalcontrolnetworkinsiteshouldbeerect.Theerectionofthehorizontalcontrolnetworkshouldbedividedintothefirstclassandthesecondclass.AdoptGPStoerectthefirstclasscontrolpointevery300mandadoptElectronicTacheometertoerectthesecondclasspointevery100m.Theadjustmentshouldberigorous.
Erectionoftheelevationcontrolnetwork
Accordingtoelevationcontrolpointofferedbytheclient,3levelingpointsshouldbeerectatrightplaceinsite.Annexedlevelingshouldbeadoptedtoachievetheelevationofthethreecontrolpointsandtheothersinotherfield.Sotheelevationofcontrolpointsiscoherent.Transfertheheightsystemofthecontrolpointstoworkingfieldtocontrolconstruction.Thesecondhorizontalcontrolpointcanbeaccordancewiththeelevationcontrolpoint.Theerrorshouldbefittothelocatecriterion.
Constructionsurvey
Erectionofthebuildinghorizontalcontrolnetwork
Accordingwiththesecondstephorizontalcontrolnetwork,erectconstructionaxiscontrolnetworkofeverybuilding,andpairsofcontrolpointsmustbetheonlyform.Thecontrolpointsshouldbe500mor1000mawayfromaxis.
Erectionofthebuildingelevationcontrolnetwork
Accordingwiththeelevationcontrolpoints,adoptannexedlevelingtoerectbuildingelevationpointstocontrolverticalconstruction.
Foundationconstructionsurvey
Duetoisolatefoundationpitisnotverydeep,soleadtheaxialcontrolnetworkthathadbeenerectedtofoundationpitandchecktherelationbetweentheaxis.Iftherelationiscorrect,finepartline,excavationline,columnlocationlineandcontrollinecanbelayout.Throughelevationcontrolpointongroundwithlevelinginstrument,elevationoffoundationpitandfoundationconstructioncanbecontrolled.
Constructionsurveyofstructureontheground
whentheconstructionheightachievetoheight±0.000,theaxisshouldbelayout.Checkitandlayouttheaxistothecolumnandabovefloor.
Lineouttheheight
Oneverybuilding,measurelevelline1.00mfromthefirstfloorverticalstructure,markthreepointsonthisline,drawrulerfromthesethreepointstoformrelativethreepointswhenconstructionisonthetopofthestructure,collatetheelevationpointthathadbeentransferredfromthefirstfloorbeforeleveling.Iftherelationofthepointstransferrediscorrect,leadhorizontalline1.00mtooutsideofthestructureaccordingwithelevationoftheaveragepointtocontrolconstructionofplanestructureofeveryfloor.
Finishingandequipmentinstallationsurvey
Leadaxisofstructureconstructiontooutsideconstructionandmakemarks,whichwillcontroloutsideinstallation.Everyroomofconstructionshouldbemade“+”lineonground,eachwallandceiling,whichwillcontrolinsideinstallation.
Surveyors
Becausethisprojectishuge,thesurveyworkloadisbigandthetimelimitforaprojectisshort,professionalsurveyengineersandcomparativesurveyorswillbeneeded.
1.2Formwork
Selectionofformworksystem
Accordingtothecharacterofthisprojectconstruction,steelformisusedincolumnsandwoodformisusedinbeamsandboards.
Theformmaterialsandrequirementsmustconformtothespecification.
Formworkconstruction
Foundationformwork
Theinstallationproceduresareasfollows:
Leveling→Settingout→brushthereleaseagent→Erectingtheformworkfromthemiddlesection→Erectingthehorizontalribanddiagonalbrace→Settinguptheshoringshelf→Checkingandre-adjusting
Theformworkoffoundationchoosessmallsteelformtoassemble.Thesketchofformworkseebelow:
Columnformwork
Theinstallationproceduresareasfollows:
Leveling→settingout→columnformadvancedassembly→brushreleaseagent→columnreinforcementinstallation→formfixing→adjustformverticality→setupbraceandshoring→checkandrectify
Thiscolumnformworkchoosesthetunablesteelform,rectangularcolumnfrom600mmto850mmwilluseoneformtype,thelongsideofformcanchangefromleast600mmtolargest850mm.Therectangularcolumnfrom1000mmto1250mmwilluseoneformtype.135°and90°columnformworkarealsosimilar.Thesketchseebelow:
Thecirclecolumnformworkchoosessteelform.Pleaseseebelow:
HorizontalFormwork
InstallationProcedure
Measuringtheelevationofbeamandslab→Settingtheshoringshelf→Erectingtheverticalandhorizontalrib→Erectingthebottomformofbeam→Bindingthesteelbarofbeam→Erectingthesideformofbeam→erectingslabform→brushthereleaseagent→bindingthesteelbarofslab→Embeddingthetubesandparts→CheckingandAdjusting.
Woodformisusedforthebottomformandthesideformofbeamandalsousedfortheformoftheslab.Thewoodformis18mmthick.Timberisusedforthemainribwiththespacingof900mm~1200mmandusedforthesecondaryribwiththespacingof300mm.Forthesideformofthebeam,timberisusedforthehorizontal,verticalribanddiagonalbrace.Seesupportsystemdrawing.
SupportSystemofBeamandSlab
Inthisproject,bowel-couplerscaffoldisemployedfortheshoringsystemofbeamandslab.Forapplyinginthedifferentheightofcolumnandslab,theadjustablesupportissetonthebottomofscaffoldand“U”shapedsupportingheadissetonthetopofthescaffold.Forthedetails,pleaseseebelow:
Thespacingofverticalsupportbarunderthebeamis900x900mm.Undertheslab,itsspacingis1200x1200mm.
Exceptforthequantityofturnoverutilityofscaffold,half-storyquantityofscaffoldisusedforcuringsupport.Thescaffoldforcuringsupportmightberemovedaftertheconcretestrengthreachesthefullstrength,whileotherscaffoldcouldberemovedafterreachingthehalfofthestrengthfortheslaband75%forthebeam.
Timber100x100isusedforthelongitudinalandtransverseribsofthebeam.Timber100x100isusedforthelongitudinalriboftheslabandtimber50x100isusedforthetransverseriboftheslabwiththespacingof300mm.
Removalofformwork
Thegeneralprincipleofremovalis:
Firstlystrippingtheformworkbeerectedlaterandsoonstripingtheformworkbeerectedfirstly.
Whenstrippingthehorizontalformwork,curingsupportisessentialformeetingtherequirementwithoutrandomremoval.
Afterstrikingtheformwork,somestainsorresiduashouldberemovedimmediatelyandbrushedthereleaseagent.
Theformsandshoringmaterialsshouldbestackedaccordingtotheproposedlocationandsequence.
Strippingtheformstrictlyaccordingtotherequirementsoftherules,noallowanceforstrippingtheforminadvanceforshorteningtheworktimeandeconomizingthematerialsisavailable.
Qualitycontrolofformwork
Allitemsbuiltinshallbeinstalledinsuchamannerthattheycannotbedisturbedduringconstruction.
Generally,pipes,conduitsorfixingshallnotbeincontactwiththereinforcement.
Whereholdingdownboltsorsimilarassembliesaretobecastintoconcrete,theyshallbeaccuratelyfixedinpositionpriortothestartofworkandtheyshallbemaintainedinpositionduringconcretingoperations.
Beforeanyconcreteisplacedallformworkmustbeapprovedforposition.
Formworkshallbethoroughlycleanedaftereachuseandmaydamagedordistortedformworkshallnotbere-used.
Allformworkshallberemovedwithoutshockorvibrationthatmightdamagetheconcrete.
1.3Reinforcementwork
Materials
Materialsofsteelreinforcingbarsshallmeetthespecification’srequirements.
Mildsteelbarsshallbeofplainroundbarswithminimumyieldstressof250N/mm2.
Highyieldsteelbarsshallhaveaminimumyieldstressof460N/mm2(hotrolled)complyingwithBS4449.
WeldedwirefabricshallconformtoBS4483.
Couplersofreinforcement
Thinkingofthisprojectreality,thebarsofcolumnsshalluseelectroslagweldingcouplers,cold-squeezedcouplersforbeamsandoverlapcouplersforslabs.
Connectionofbarsandsteelplatesshallbearcwelding.
Qualitycontrolofrebarworks
Allsteelreinforcementusedintheworksshallbeobtainedfromfirmsholdingavalidcertificateofapprovalconformingtothespecification.
Takethesamplefromtherebarasrequiredandthensendtolaboratoriesforchemicalcompositionanalysisandphysicalperformancetest.Theycanbeusedonlywhenthetestsarepassed.
Rebarshallbeshapedandfabricatedinworkshopandtransportedtositeforfixing,theformworkcan’tstartuntiltherebarworksapprovedbyEngineer.
Cleanofreinforcementlooserustandscale,earth,andothermaterials,whichreduceordestroybondwithconcrete.
StorageofRebar:
differentsizeofRebarshallbefabricatedrebarandstockpiledseparatelywithclearlymarkings.Allrebarshallbestockpiledonthewoodorconcretesupportandbecovered.Theclearancewillatleastbe300mmabovethegroundsurfaceandsupportswillbeenoughtopreventdeformation
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