无线通信原理双语讲义第一二讲.docx
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无线通信原理双语讲义第一二讲.docx
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无线通信原理双语讲义第一二讲
CourseCode:
B020305
CourseTitle:
WirelessCommunicationsPrincipleandPractice(T.S.Rappaport2004)
AcademicYear:
2015
Semester:
2
Lecturer:
GaoHuanqin(Room1610),CollegeofCommu.andInform.Engineering,NJUPT
Lectures:
32hours,lecturedinEnglishpartially.
E-mailAddress:
gaohq@njupt.edu.au
前言Preface(PP:
1)
本节课是本课程的第一堂课,介绍课程的相关信息;讲授第一章教学内容“无线通信概述”,它涉及英文教科书的第一、第二章内容。
Content(教学内容)s:
Providefundamentaltreatmentaboutmanypracticalandtheoreticalconceptsthatformthebasisofwirelesscommunications,especiallyfundamentalcellularradioconceptssuchasfrequencyreuse.Propagationpathlosspredictionmodelsforcellularnetworks,multipleaccessmethod.无线通信基础相关的基本理论、概念与应用,突出基本概念与基础理论,例如蜂窝网中频率复用。
基础理论例如传播路径损耗预测模型,多址接入技术等。
Objectiveofthecourse(教学目标):
Afterthecoursethestudenthasagoodbasicknowledgeofcellularandpersonalcommunicationsystemsandthesystemsevolvingfromit.Also,thestudentwillgetabasicknowledgeofthedesignofcellularnetworksandunderstandthespecialrequirements,whichresultfromthemobileradioenvironment.通过本课程的学习让同学了解无线蜂窝通信系统的基本概念、基础理论以及系统演进,了解移动无线环境下的蜂窝通信网络系统的设计及需求。
Assumedknowledge(先修课程):
Someknowledgeaboutcommunicationtheoryandprobability.概率论,信号与系统,通信原理
Completionmode(期末考核方式):
Examandexercises.AllexamshaveEnglishquestions.
Evaluationofthecourse(课程评价,期末成绩):
Exam(worth70-80%)+Exercises(worth30-20%)
Atleast5exercisesand/orhomeworksmustbesubmittedtoqualifyforthiscourse.
Referencebooks:
1)TheodoreS.Rappaport.WirelessCommunicationsPrinciplesandPractice(2ndEdition).电子工业出版社,2004年版
2)TheodoreS.Rappaport著,周文安等译.无线通信原理与应用.电子工业出版社,2006年版
3)张业荣,竺南直,陈勇.蜂窝移动通信网络规划与优化.北京:
电子工业出版社,2003
Fivemaincontentsinthecoursewithin32hours(知识单元通常含有计算题和填空题等,知识点通常有填空题和选择题等)
知识单元IntroductiontoWirelessCommunicationSystems(ch.1,ch.2,selectedch11)—知识点:
FrequencyRangeinCellularNetworkBasics,WirelessCommunicationsSystemDefinitions,theGenerationofCellularNetworks,ChannelCapacity,signaltonoiseratio(SNR),receiversensitivity,EffectsofWirelessChannels,SomeFeaturesofWirelessChannels,relatedabbreviation(缩略词).
知识单元TheCellularConcept:
SystemDesignFundamentals(ch.3)—知识点:
requencyreuse,handoff,interferenceandsystemcapacity,sectorization,cellsplitting,spectralefficiency,trunkingandgradeofservice
知识单元MobileRadioPropagation:
Large-ScalePathLoss(ch.4,selective)—(3,4)知识点:
Introductiontoradiopropagation:
large-andsmall-scaleeffects,multipath,pathloss,log-normalshadowing,empiricalpathlossmodels:
知识单元MobileRadioPropagation:
Small-ScaleFadingandMultipath(ch.5,selective)
知识单元MultipleAccessTechniquesforWirelessCommunications(ch.9)—知识点:
Multipleaccesstechniques:
FDMA,TDMA,CDMA,ALOHA,SlottedALOHA,CSMA
知识单元WirelessNetworking(ch.10)—知识点:
WirelessNetworkvs.aWiredNetwork,ConvergenceofwirelessandInternet:
Broadbandcommunications,the4GTechnology,ThebasicnetworkarchitectureoftheLTEsystem,Thephysicallayertransmissiontechniquesof4Gstandards(MIMO,OFDM)
1无线通信概述(举例和习题另付)
1.1无线通信的特点
1.2现代无线通信发展
1.3移动通信网络
1.4无线局域网
1.5无线个域网和城域网
1.6无线通信特征
1.1无线通信的特点
无线通信的定义(Chapter1,pp1)
Wirelesscommunication:
thetransferofinformationoveradistancewithouttheuseofelectricalconductorsor"wires".(并非采用电导体或者电线在一定的距离上传递信息)Thedistancesinvolvedmaybeshort(afewmetersasintelevisionremotecontrol)orverylong(thousandsorevenmillionsofkilometersforradiocommunications).(这个距离可短可长,短到几米,比如电视遥控器的遥控的距离,长到成千上万公里的无线通信。
)
WirelessCommunicationreliesonradiosignals,includingx-rays,ultravioletlight,thevisiblespectrum,infrared,microwaves,andradiowaves,totransmitdata.
无线通信就是采用电磁波作为载体来传递信息;
电磁波包括X射线、紫外线、可见光、红外线、微波等电波等组成
知识点光速与载频和波长关系式(Chapter1,pp22):
:
Thespeedoflight;
:
carrierfrequency;
:
wavelength;
无线电波的传播模型的一种分类(Chapter1,pp19,Tabe1.5-1.6))
Themodesofradiowavepropagation:
Lightofsightpropagation;Skywavepropagation;Groundwavepropagation.(下面图是对于PPT中图的说明)
移动无线通信发展简史Ataglanceofthehistory
1894-96FirstTransmitter–FirstPatent
1897World’sFirstWirelessTelegraph&SignalCompany
1901Telegraphacrosstheatlanticocean
1899-1912SavingLives
1920Discoveryofshortwave(<100m)
1920’s:
Radiobroadcastingbecamepopular
1920’s:
MobilereceiversinstalledinpolicecarsinDetroit
1928:
manyTVbroadcasttrials
1930’s:
TVbroadcastingdevelopment
1950’s:
Communicationssatelliteslaunched
1960’s:
BellLabsdevelopedcellularconcept
Late1970’s:
technologyadvancesenableaffordablecellulartelephone
1974-1978:
Firstfieldtrialforcellularsystem
1.2现代无线通信发展
现代无线通信发展和分类,简言之:
数字化趋势和蜂窝网的高速发展
Sincethemid1990s,thecellularcommunicationindustryhaswitnessedexplosivegrowth.(从上个世纪中期,蜂窝通信见证了爆炸式增长)Personalcommunicationservices(PCS)inthe1800-2000MHzfrequencybandsalsocomeforth.(出现了工作于1800-2000Mhz频段的个人通信业务)
GeneralResearchAreas:
(无线通信总的研究领域包括)
▪CellularSystems(wirelesswideareanetworksorWWANs)
▪SatelliteSystems(skip)
▪ wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
▪wirelessmetropolitanareanetworks(WMANs)
▪WirelessPersonalAreaNetworks(WPANs)
Classificationofwirelessnetworks(无线网络依据覆盖范围大小的分类)(ReferredtoKaustubhPhases,UPPSALAUni.)
EmergingResearchAreasandTechniques(新出现的研究领域及新技术)
EmergingAreas
•WirelessSensorNetworks
•3Gandbeyond
•3.9G(LTE),4G,etal
WirelessKeytechniques关键技术
•OFDM,andMulti-carrier
•MIMO(Multi-InputMulti-Output)
•CognitiveandSoftwareDefinedRadio,IEEE802.22(proposed),etal
无线通信系统举例:
WirelessCommunicationsSystemDefinitions(Chapter1,pp:
10)
BaseStation
Controlchannel:
vitalforinitiating,requesting,orpagingacall
Forwardchannel:
fromBStothemobile(alsoSubscriber)
Reversechannel:
fromthemobiletoBS
Half-duplexsystemsallowingtwo-waycommunicationbyusingthesameradiochannel
Full-duplexsystemsallowingsimultaneoustwo-waycommunication.
Handoff
Mobilestation
MSC:
MobileSwitchingCenter
Simplexsystemandetal.
Twoabbreviations:
双工双向传输涉及如何区分双向传输,从而避免干扰,即双工方式,有两种方式,分别是FDD和TDD
FDD:
Frequencydivisionduplexing(模拟系统仅采用FDD)
TDD:
Timedivisionduplexing(数字传输和数字调制才采用TDD),onlypossiblewithdigitaltransmissionformatsanddigitalmodulation,andisverysensitivetotiming
蜂窝的出现
ThebigbreakthroughcamewhenAT&TLabsresearchersdividedwirelesscommunicationsintoaseriesofcells.(1960’s:
BellLabsdevelopedcellularconcept上个世纪60年代贝尔实验室提出蜂窝的概念)
✓Highcapacitywithlimitedradiospectrum(有限的无线频谱提供极大地容量)
✓Goal:
Increasecapacitywhileminimizinginterference(目标在于提高容量的同时将干扰控制在很小的程度)
Key:
FrequencyReuse(神器:
频率复用)(uselowerpowertransmitterspercellandshrink
cellsize,sothatfrequenciescanbereusedmoreoften)缩小小区尺寸,在每小区中使用低功率发射机
1.3移动通信网络Mobilecommunicationnetworks
知识点WWANscoversacountry;typicallyinterconnectingseveralWMANsandprovidinganywhere,anytimeaccess
知识点ItisusefultothinkofcellularNetwork/telephonyintermsofgenerations:
1G:
Analogcellulartelephony;2G:
Digitalcellulartelephony;3G:
High-speeddigitalcellulartelephony(includingvideotelephony);4G…
先介绍第一代无线系统Firstgenerationofmobiletechnology
知识点Analogcellularsystems(FM)
Onlycarryvoicetraffic
Lesssecureandpronetointerferencewhensignalisweak
Includestandards
AMPS30KHzFMFDMA
TACS25KHzFMFDMA(不讲解)
接着为第二代无线系统
知识点2ndgenerationofmobiletechnology,2GCellularNetworks(Hereafter)
Digitalcellularsystems
Supportinghighbitratevoice,limiteddatacommunication
Improvedquality
Includestandards
GSM200KHzGMSKTDMA
(Byfarthedominantoneinchina)
IS-951.23MHz
最后为3G(mainIMT-2000Standards)
Offersenhancementstocurrentapplicationsincludinggreaterdataspeeds,increasedcapacityforvoiceanddataandabroaderrangeofservices
cdma2000
WCDMA
TD-SCDMA
Highestdatarate(3G)
atleast144Kb/sinavehicularenvironment,
384Kb/sinapedestrianenvironment,
2048Kb/sinanindoorofficeenvironment.
卫星通信(略去)
1.4无线局域网
WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)
WLANsconnect“local”computers(100mrange)
Breaksdataintopackets
Channelaccessisshared(randomaccess)
BackboneInternetprovidesbest-effortservice
ISMbands
WirelessLANStandards:
Wi-Fi802.11b, 802.11a, 802.11g
WLANInfrastructure
WLANapplications(右上图)
1.5无线个域网WPAN和无线城域网WMAN
802.15.1Bluetooth
CablereplacementRFtechnology(lowcost)
Shortrange(10m,extendableto100m)
2.4GHzband(crowded)
1Data(700Kbps)and3voicechannels
Widelysupportedbytelecommunications,PC,andconsumerelectronicscompanies
802.15.3UltraWidebandRadio(UWB)
如Bluetooth用于短距离通信(pp:
54),实现低功耗、小范围的无线连接。
另外传感器网正在发展。
(“removingthewire”)
AdHocModemaynotrequireanaccesspoint.Howeveralldevicescommunicatingdirectlywitheachothermustusethesamemode.
WirelessMetropolitanAreaNetwork(WMAN)(左上图)
•WirelessInternetconnectionofhotspots热点的无线互联网连接
•High-speedInternetaccessformobileusers为移动用户提供高速互联网接入
•DSLreplacement代替DSL
•Wirelessbackbone无线骨干网
典型无线城域网代表:
→IEEE802.16(BroadbandWirelessAccess,BWA)宽带无线接入
→IEEE802.20(MobileBroadbandWirelessAccess,MBWA)移动宽带无线接入
Networkstructure(右上图)
1.6SomeFeaturesofWirelessCommunications
1.6.1知识点ChannelCapacity
1)Shannon’sChannelCapacityTheorem
Thistheoremdeterminesthetheoreticallimit
onchannelcapacityforagivenbandwidth(B)andsignal-to-noiseratio(S/N))(pp.394)
•Measuresignalstrengthin
–dBW=10*log(PowerinWatts)
–dBm=10*log(PowerinmW)
2)知识点:
SignaltoNoiseRatio(SNR)
•SNR=signalpower/noisepower
•SNR(dB)=10*log10(signalpower/noisepower)
•Signalstrengthisthetransmittedpowermultipliedbyagain–impairments
知识点:
ReceiverSensitivity
Thereceived
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