高中英语专题15 社会生活说理议论类三年高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx
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高中英语专题15 社会生活说理议论类三年高考英语试题分项版解析解析版.docx
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高中英语专题15社会生活说理议论类三年高考英语试题分项版解析解析版
2018年高考题
C【2018·全国I】
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:
theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.z.x.xk
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatters.D.Theywerecloselyconnected
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modem.
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6800B.About3400
C.About2.400D.About1-200
31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文.文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因.
29.猜测词义题.根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言.由此推知dominantlanguages意为:
强有力的语言.故选C.
30.细节理解题.根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B.
31.主旨要义题.根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多.故选C.
点睛:
长难句解读
Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
分析:
and连接两个并列句,前面的介词短语in...作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同位语.
句意:
在最近的几个世纪,贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延,尤其是过去几十年来,全球化和更好的交流,这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因.而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位.学科@网
B【2018·全国II】
ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.
Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白质),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?
However,theyarerichinvitaminC.
Whencombinedwithberriesofslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.zx.x.k
Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.
24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?
A.Theycontainprotein.B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.
C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.
25.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?
A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.B.Tokeeptheircolour.
C.Tospeeduptheirripening.D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.
26.Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?
A.Adessert.B.Adrink.
C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.
27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.
C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.
【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.B
【解析】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文.文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月,这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素,尤其是香蕉.我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋.
24.细节理解题.题干问的是,作者喜欢樱桃什么.根据第二段中Asforcherries(樱桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?
(至于樱桃,因为它们很好吃谁在乎呢?
)可知,作者在乎的是它的美味.故选C.
25.细节理解题.根据第三段中的Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.可知,往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色,故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的.故选B.
26.词义猜测题.根据最后一段中theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow可知,孩子们喜欢把一些水果和冷冻的香蕉放入到这台机器的上部,然后看到冰激凌从下面出来.故可以推出ajuicer就是一台机器.故选D.
27.文章出处题.文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节,并指出各种水果富含的营养,最后一段指出我们可以用ajuicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌,故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章.A项意为:
生物教科书;B项意为:
一本健康杂志;C项意为:
一篇研究论文;D项意为:
一本旅游手册.故选B.
点睛:
做词义猜测题时我们要注意观察,划线单词的构成结构.如本题背划线的单词是juicer,我们都知道“er”是单词的后缀.它既可以表示人,又可以表示物.如:
cleaner既可以表示清洁工,又可以表示清洁工具.根据下文中的意思,可以判断出本题中的ajuicer是表示物.
C【2018·全国II】
Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommonSenseMediareportpublishedMonday.
Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthereportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren’slives,andindicateshowparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.
Accordingtothereport’skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.”
Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsessionhasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.zxx.k
Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel(建议)parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoespointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcernsaboutincreasedscreentime.
Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Datashowsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmoreoften,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.
Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsloom(逼近)ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreadinglistandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.
28.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?
A.Children’sreadinghabits.
B.Qualityofchildren’sbooks.
C.Children’safter-classactivities.
D.Parent-childrelationships.
29.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports"childrenarereadingalotlessforfun"?
A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.
C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.
30.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?
A.E-booksareofpoorquality.
B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.
C.Itmayharmchildren’shealth.
D.E-readersareexpensive.
31.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?
A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.
B.Askthentowritebookreports.
C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.
D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.
【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.A
【解析】据本周一公布的aCommonSenseMediareport报告显示,青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少.文中从阅读的乐趣,阅读的时间,阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容.
28.推理判断题.题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容.根据整篇文章,我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣,孩子们阅读的时间,孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响.A项意为:
孩子们的阅读习惯;B项意为:
孩子们所读书籍的质量;C项意为:
孩子们的课后活动;D项意为:
父母与孩子的关系.故选A.
29.推理判断题.根据第三段中的theproportion(比例)whosaythey‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.可知,很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%.也就是说,为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了.故选B.
31.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparentsservingasexamplesandimportantg
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