全套真题及答案英一.docx
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全套真题及答案英一.docx
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全套真题及答案英一
2013年全国研究生入学考试
英语一试题及答案
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon
ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglaneethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDrUriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywere
workingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbe
morelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonly
toforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.
To8thisidea,theyturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofan
applicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,
butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11
Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.The
interviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere_15_usedinconjunctionwithanapplicantscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800
points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.
DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas
0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsof
suchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.
1.
[A]grants
[B]submits
[C]transmits
[D]delivers
2.
[A]minor
[B]external
[C]crucial
[D]objective
3.
[A]issue
[B]vision
[C]picture
[D]moment
4.
[A]Aboveall
[B]Onaverage
[C]Inprinciple
[D]Forexample
5.
[A]fond
[B]fearful
[C]capable
[D]thoughtless
6.
[A]in
[B]for
[C]to
[D]on
7.
[A]if
[B]until
[C]though
[D]unless
8.
[A]test
[B]emphasize
[C]share
[D]promote
9.
[A]decision
[B]quality
[C]status
[D]success
1C
).[A]found
[B]studied
[C]chosen
[D]identified
11
.[A]otherwise
[B]defensible
[C]replaceable
[D]exceptional
12
!
.[A]inspired
[B]expressed
[C]conducted[D]secured
13.
[A]assigned
[B]rated
[C]matched
[D]arranged
14.
[A]put
[B]got
[C]took
[D]gave
15.
[A]instead
[B]then
[C]ever
[D]rather
16.
[A]selected
[B]passed
[C]marked
[D]introduced
17.
[A]below
[B]after
[C]above
[D]before
18.
[A]jump
[B]float
[C]fluctuate
[D]drop
19.
[A]achieve
[B]undo
[C]maintain
[D]disregard
20.[A]necessary
[B]possible
[C]promising
[D]helpful
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Mark
youranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'affecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistantsweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.
Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththe
feverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'-y^oreiedictmentof“fastfashion”.In
thelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable—meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethafendtoreniewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.
Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,
orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.
Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumectivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan's
TheOmnivore'Dilemma.“Masproducedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetis
non-durableandwasteful,Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear—about64itemsperperson—andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.
tbeknockedoff.
TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes—andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan'
Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment—includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline—Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan'taffordnotto.
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher.
[A]lackofimagination
[B]poorbargainingskill
[C]obsessionwithhighfashion
[D]insensitivitytofashion
22.AccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumersto.
[A]combatunnecessarywaste
[B]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently
[C]resisttheinflueneeofadvertisements
[D]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld
23.Theword“indictmentPara.2)isclosestinmeaningto.
[A]accusation[B]enthusiasm[C]indifferenee[D]toleranee
24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.
[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.
[C]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.
[D]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.
25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?
[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth
[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret
Text2
Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted——thetroubleis,nooneknows
whichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhat
peoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelyto
buy.
Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grained
information:
Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?
Or
shouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?
InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack
(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobe
dosothisyear.InFebruary,theFTCandtheDigitalAdvertisingAllianee(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.
OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.
Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.
FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveofthe
AssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.“They'getlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”
Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft'efeult,somemayignorea
DNTsignalandpressonanyway.
sonth
AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:
ThereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle
countbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'hsefprivacyofficer,blogged:
Webelieveconsumers
shouldhavemorecontrol.”tCollydbethatsimple?
26.ItissuggestedinParagraph1that“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto
[A]lowertheiroperationalcosts.
[B]easecompetitionamongthemselves.
[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers.
[D]providebetteronlineservices.
27.“Thendustry"Pafa.3)refersto
[A]onlineadvertisers.
[B]e-commerceconductors.
[C]digitalinformationanalysis.
[D]internetbrowserdevelopers.
28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault
[A]goesagainsthumannature.
[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry.
[C]willnotbenefit
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