旅游是重要经济因素外文翻译文献编辑.docx
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旅游是重要经济因素外文翻译文献编辑.docx
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旅游是重要经济因素外文翻译文献编辑
旅游是重要经济因素外文翻译文献编辑
文献标题:
TOURISM–ECONOMICGROWTHFACTORANDESSENTIALELEMENTINREGIONALDEVELOPMENTOFROMANIA(旅游是罗马尼亚区域发展的重要经济因素)
国外作者:
AdrianLiviuSCUTARIU
文献出处:
《AnaleleStiintificealeUniversitatii"AlexandruIoanCuza"dinIasi-StiinteEconomice》,2009,56,p318-330
字数统计:
英文1877单词,10281字符;中文2950汉字
外文文献:
TOURISM–ECONOMICGROWTHFACTORANDESSENTIALELEMENTINREGIONALDEVELOPMENTOFROMANIA
Abstract
Thispaperaimstoemphasizesomeaspectsconcerningtheevolutionofthetourismanditsroleineconomicgrowthandregionaldevelopment.Thefirstpartpresentsaconceptualdelimitationoftourism,andthenextpartsarefocusedonthelinkoftourismwitheconomicgrowthandregionaldevelopment.Wealsopresenttheorganizationalframeoftheregionaldevelopmentpolicyandtheroleoftourisminthispolicyobjectivesachievement,andthefinalpartbringssomeconclusionsandsomefuturedevelopmentdirectionsoftourisminRomania.
1.Introduction
Thetourismbecameatpresenttimeoneofthemostimportantindustriesintheworld,havinganoutstandingplaceinmostofnationaleconomies.Thespectacularincreaseofthisactivity,intermsofvolume,butalsofromtheincomespointofview,aswellasitsimportanceasexportingbranch,leadusinmakingtheincursionthatfollows,withthepurposeofemphasizetheroleoftourismintheeconomicgrowthandregionaldevelopment.
2.Tourism–shortconceptualdelimitations
Theappearanceofthetourismasaneconomic-organizatoricactivity,atnationallevel,tookplaceinthesecondhalfofthetwentycentury,inthesametimewiththeinclusionintheservices(tertiary)sectorofsomenewbranchesofnationaleconomies,generallycalledtouristindustry.
Theneweconomictheoryoftourismrecognizedthelinkbetweentourismandeconomicdevelopmentofacountry,thetourismbeingtreatedinacomplexway,notonlyasrecreationaltrip,buttogetherwithalltheeconomiclinkthatcreates.So,atthepresentmoment,thisnotionincludesawholeindustry,componentoftheservicesindustry,whichcontributesatthetouristdemandssatisfaction,respectively:
hotels,transports,entertainment.
Therewereseveraldifferentdefinitionsgivenfortourismduringthetwentycentury,butwewillfocusonsomepresentapproaches,acceptedbymostofthespecialistsofthefield.
Thetourismcanbeshortlydefinedasbeing[Minciu,Baron,Neacu,1991,1993]aneconomic-socialphenomenonspecificforthemoderncivilization,stronglyanchoredinthelifeofthesocietyandinfluencedbyitsevolution,withahighdynamismandhavinglargesocialsegmentsastarget.Itinvolvesalargehumancapitalandinfluencestheevolutionoftheeconomyandsociety.
So,onecannotice,that,inthetourismdefinition,appearedmoreandmoreelementsreferringtotheindustrythathandlesthetouristneedsatisfaction,factalsorevealedbyTheLittleEncyclopedicDictionary,whichconsiderstourismas“asideofthetertiarysectoroftheeconomy,wherethegoaloftheprovidedactivityistheorganizationandongoingofentertainmenttrips,orofpersonstravelsatvariouscongressesandmeetings,includingallthenecessaryactivitiesfortheconsumingandservicesneedssatisfactionofthecustomers".
Inordertoclarifytheaspectsregardingthetouristphenomenondefinition,onecanusetheinductivemethodinordertogettoamostpossiblecomprehensivedefinition,aimingtoretainthemainelementsthatarecharacteristicforthetouristactivity[Neacu,Baron,Snak,2006,21]:
•travelofthepersonsduringtheirtrip;
•thestayinasettlementoutoftheirdomicile(permanentresidence)ofthepersonthattravels;
•thestayhavealimitedperiod;
•thestaydoesn’tbecomeadefinitiveresidence.
Continuingtheanteriorideas,wewillmentionadefinitionvariant,thatincludesthebusinesstravels,too,proposedbytheprofessordr.ClaudeKaspar(thepresidentoftheInternationalAssociationoftheScientificExpertsinTourism(A.I.E.S.T.)):
“Thetourismisanensembleofrelationsandfactsconstitutedfromthetravelandthestayofthepersonsforwhichtheplaceofstayisnottheirhomeandnottheprincipalplaceoftheirprofessionalactivity”.
Consideringtheroleandtheeconomic-socialimportanceoftheintern(national)tourism,TheWorldTourismOrganization(WTO)elaboratedadefinitionofthenationaltourism,sowecanconsidernationaltouristanypersonwhichvisitsaplacethatisnothis/herusualresidence,situatedinsidehis/herresidencecountryandhavingadifferentpurposethataremuneratedactivityandwithastayingofatleastonenight.
3.Theplaceandroleoftourismintheeconomy
Tourism,asanimportantelementofthetertiarysectorandindustrywithhugepotential,hasanincreasinglyroleintheeconomyofacountry,beingafactorwhichtheeconomicgrowthisbasedon.
By"economicgrowth"wemeanacomplexprocessinvolvingtheentireeconomicsystem,whichisdeterminedbytheresultsofeconomicactivityandisconsideredtheonlyfactorthatensurestheeconomicsuccessinthelongtermofeachstate.
Thetertiaryorservicessectorhasbecomeprevalentinthepostwarperiod,itsrolebecomesmoreimportant,diversifyingitsactivitiesintermsofcontent,takingdifferentformsofexpression,whichhaveexpandedanddiversifiedwaysofachievingsocialproduct,thusbecomingasignificantcomponentofthereproductionmechanism.Indevelopedcountriesthissectorweightingsarehigh.
Theservicessector,asanyothersector,experiencedadevelopmentfromearlyformsofthebasicactivitiesuptoactualstructures,whicharecharacterizedbyamaximumutilityforindividualsandsociety.
Tourism,aseconomicactivity,includesvariousservicesthatderivefromthebasicones:
information,placementoftouristtravels,accommodation,foodselling,offeringtreatments,aswellasleisureandentertainment.
Touristofferincreasedbothquantitativelyandqualitatively,givingrisetoagenuineindustryoftourism,whichrequirestheconsiderationofthetourismphenomenonasagrowingdistinctbranchofthenationaleconomy,componentofthetertiarysector.Separatetreatmentcomefromthecomplexityandspecificnaturecomparedtotraditionalbranchesofaneconomy.However,tourismisincloseconnectionwiththedevelopmentofothersectors,beingaconsequencebranch.
Associo-economicchangesinthecontemporaryerahavecreatedanddevelopedtourism,thisinturnbringingbydefaultaspecificdemandforgoodsandservicesnecessarytoconsolidatetourismproduct,itstimulatessomeproductivesectorssuchas:
industry,agriculture,construction,transport,trade,communications,culture,healthcare,etc.
Fromtheexpendituresofthetourist-consumerofgoodsandservices,whichturnsintomoneyfortheeconomicunitsoftourismindustry(transport,accommodation,food,recreation,treatmentetc.),somegoesdirectlytothoseunitsasprofitsandcashfundsforpaytheirworkers,somegoestothestatebudgetastaxes,fees,andanotherpartreachotherbranchesoftheeconomyaspaymentforgoodsdeliveredandservicesrenderedbythemfortheneedsoftourismindustry.
Consideringtouristproductsconsumedbyforeignvisitorsduringtheirstay,internationaltourismwillappearasaformof"invisibleexport",withadvantagessuchasthedutyfreesaleofproductstoforeigntouristsintothecountry.Therefore,tourismhasoftenahigherlaborefficiencythanclassicalexportofgoods,andsomeofthem,consumedbytouristsduringthestay,norwouldbesubjectofclassicexportbecauseofbeingperish,oftheircostsoftransportorotherprohibitivemeasures.
Duetotheeconomicadvantageofinternationaltourism,manydevelopingcountrieshavetakenstepstodeveloptheirtourismindustry,thisformof"invisibletrade"intheeconomycouldbringlargequantitiesofcurrency.
Somestatisticaldatacometosupportthepreviousstatements.Thespectaculardevelopmentoftourisminthelastperiodcanbeobservedalsofromthefactthatthetotalnumberoftouriststravelingabroadhaveincreasedfrom1995to2008,becomingalmosttwice(Figureno.1).
Source:
O.M.T.,UNWTOWorldTourismBarometer,Volume7,No.1,January2009
Figureno.1.Internationaltouristarrivals(millions)
TheexemplificationofthetourismplacemayalsocomefromthefactthatinTheE.U.MemberStatesabout20millionpeoplearedirectlyorindirectlyinvolvedintourism,theshareofitinthecreationofgrossdomesticproductofthesecountriesbeingonaverageofabout4%[Postelnicu,1997,53].
4.Theroleoftourismintheregionaldevelopmentobjectivesachievement
TheregionaldevelopmentpolicymainobjectiveistoreducetheeconomicandsocialdisparitiesthatexistsbetweenthevariousregionsofEurope.
Severaloftheregionaldevelopmentpoliciesobjectivescanbeachievedbyboostingafieldofactivitythathassomeundisputedaces:
thetourism.Inthispartofthepaper,weintendtosuccinctlydesignsomeargumentsfortheideasformerlyexpressedconcerningtheroleoftourismintheregionaldevelopment.
ThesustainableregionaldevelopmentmustnecessarilycorrelateandintegratetheRomaniantourism,betweentheothercomponentsofthelocaleconomy,takingalsointoaccountthatthiscleanindustrydoesnotaffecttheenvironment,and,generally,doesnotrequiresbiginvestments.Agoodsustainabledevelopmentproject,includedinaregionaldevelopmentprogram,supposesthelessinvestmentscostsinthisactivity,themoreharmoniouslytheintegrationismade.Thetourismcanbecomeanimportantcomponentoftheeconomy,whichcouldcauseimportantchangesinterritorialprofile,contributingateconomicandsocia
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- 关 键 词:
- 旅游 重要 经济 因素 外文 翻译 文献 编辑