GRE阅读课堂笔记杨继.docx
- 文档编号:12063535
- 上传时间:2023-04-16
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:90
- 大小:80.93KB
GRE阅读课堂笔记杨继.docx
《GRE阅读课堂笔记杨继.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《GRE阅读课堂笔记杨继.docx(90页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
GRE阅读课堂笔记杨继
新东方网络课堂——阅读——杨继
111111*********111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
Passage1
ManycriticsofEamilyBronte’snovelWutheringHeightsseeitssecondpartasacounterpointthatcommentson,ifitdoesnotreverse,thefirstpart,wherea“romantic”readingreceivesmoreconfirmation.Seeingthetwopartsasawholeisencouragedbythenovel'ssophisticatedstructure,revealedinitscomplexuseofnarratorsandtimeshifts.GrantedthatthepresenceoftheseelementsneednotargueanauthorialawarenessofnovelisticconstructioncomparabletothatofHenryJames,theirpresencedoesencourageattemptstounifythenovel’sheterogeneousparts.
However,anyinterpretationthatseekstounifyallofthenovel'sdiverseelementsisboundtobesomewhatunconvincing.Thisisnotbecausesuchaninterpretationnecessarilystiffensintoathesis(althoughrigidityinanyinterpretationofthisorofanynovelisalwaysadanger),butbecauseWutheringHeightshasrecalcitrantelementsofundeniablepowerthat,ultimately,resistinclusioninanall-encompassinginterpretation.Inthisrespect,WutheringHeightssharesafeatureofHamlet.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutthefirstandsecondpartsofWutheringHeights?
(A)Thesecondparthasreceivedmoreattentionfromcritics.
(B)Thesecondparthaslittlerelationtothefirstpart.
(C)Thesecondpartannulstheforceofthefirstpart.
(D)Thesecondpartprovideslesssubstantiationfora“romantic”reading.
(E)Thesecondpartisbetterbecauseitismorerealistic.
2.WhichofthefollowinginferencesaboutHenryJames’sawarenessofno-velisticconstructionisbestsupportedbythepassage?
(A)James,morethananyothernovelist,wasawareofthedifficultiesofnovelisticconstruction.
(B)James,wasveryawareofthedetailsofnovelisticconstruction.
(C)James’sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionderivedfromhisreadingofBronte.
(D)James'sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionhasledmostcommentatorstoseeunityinhisindividualnovels.
(E)James'sawarenessofnovelisticconstructionprecludedhimfromviolatingtheunityofhisnovels.
3.Theauthorofthepassagewouldbemostlikelytoagreethataninterpretationofanovelshould
(A)nottrytouniteheterogeneouselementsinthenovel
(B)notbeinflexibleinitstreatmentoftheelementsinthenovel
(C)notarguethatthecomplexuseofnarratorsoroftimeshiftsindicatesasophisticatedstructure
(D)concentrateonthoserecalcitrantelementsofthenovelthatareoutsidethenovel’smainstructure
(E)primarilyconsiderthoseelementsofnovelisticconstructionofwhichtheauthorofthenovelwasaware
4.TheauthorofthepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutHamlet?
I.Hamlethasusuallyattractedcriticalinterpretationsthattendtostiffenintotheses.
II.Hamlethaselementsthatarenotamenabletoanall-encompassingcritic-alinterpretation.
III.Hamletislessopentoanall-encompassingcriticalinterpretationth-anisWutheringHeights.
IV.Hamlethasnotreceivedacriticalinterpretationthathasbeenwidelyacc-eptedbyreaders.
(A)Ionly
(B)IIonly
(C)IandIVonly
(D)IIIandIVonly
(E)I,IIandIIIonly
KEYS:
DBBB
22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222
Passage1
Manytheorieshavebeenformulatedtoexplaintheroleofgrazerssuchaszooplanktonincontrollingtheamountofplanktonicalgae(phytoplankton)inlakes.Thefirsttheoriesofsuchgrazercontrolweremerelybasedonobservationsofnegativecorrelationsbetweenalgalandzoo-planktonnumbers.Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofahighnumberofgrazerssuggested,butdidnotprove,thatthegrazershadremovedmostofthealgae.Theconverseobservation,oftheabsenceofgrazersinareasofhighphytoplanktonconcentration,ledHardytoproposehisprincipleofanimalexclusion,whichhypothesizedthatphytoplanktonproducedarepellentthatexcludedgrazersfromregionsofhighphytoplanktonconcentration.Thiswasthefirstsuggestionofalgaldefensesagainstgrazing.
Perhapsthefactthatmanyofthesefirststudiesconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinanet(netphytoplankton),apracticethatoverlookedthesmallerphytoplankton(nannoplankton)thatwenowknowgrazersaremostlikelytofeedon,ledtoadeemphasisoftheroleofgrazersinsubsequentresearch.Increasingly,asintheindividualstudiesofLund,Round,andReynolds,researchersbegantostresstheimportanceofenvironmentalfactorssuchastemperature,light,andwatermovementsincontrollingalgalnumbers.Theseenvironmentalfactorswereamenabletofieldmonitoringandtosimulationinthelaboratory.Grazingwasbelievedtohavesomeeffectonalgalnumbers,especiallyafterphytoplanktongrowthratesdeclinedattheendofbloomperiods,butgrazingwasconsideredaminorcomponentofmodelsthatpredictedalgalpopulationdynamics.
Thepotentialmagnitudeofgrazingpressureonfreshwaterphytoplanktonhasonlyrecentlybeendeterminedempirically.StudiesbyHargraveandGeenestimatednaturalcommunitygrazingratesbymeasuringfeedingratesofindividualzoo-planktonspeciesinthelaboratoryandthencomputingcommunitygrazingratesforfieldconditionsusingtheknownpopulationdensityofgrazers.Thehighestimatesofgrazingpressurepostulatedbytheseresearcherswerenotfullyaccepted,however,untilthegrazingratesofzooplanktonweredetermineddirectlyinthefield,bymeansofnewexperimentaltechniques.
Usingaspeciallypreparedfeedingchamber,Haneywasabletorecordzooplanktongrazingratesinnaturalfieldconditions.Intheperiodsofpeakzooplanktonabundance,thatis,inthelatespringandinthesummer,Haneyrecordedmaximumdailycommunitygrazingrates,fornutrientpoorlakesandboglakes,respectively,of6.6percentand114percentofdailyphytoplanktonproduction.Cladoceranshadhighergrazingratesthancopepods,usuallyaccountingfor80percentofthecommunitygrazingrate.Theseratesvariedseasonally,reachingthelowestpointinthewinterandearlyspring.Haney’sthoroughresearchprovidesconvincingfieldevidencethatgrazerscanexertsignificantpressureonphytoplanktonpopulation.Manytheorieshavebeenformulatedtoexplaintheroleofgrazerssuchaszooplanktonincontrollingtheamountofplanktonicalgae(phytoplankton)inlakes.
1.TheauthormostlikelymentionsHardy’sprincipleofanimalexclusioninorderto
(A)giveanexampleofonetheoryabouttheinteractionofgrazersandphytoplankton
(B)defendthefirsttheoryofalgaldefensesagainstgrazing
(C)supportthecontentionthatphytoplanktonnumbersarecontrolledprimarilybyenvironmentalfactors
(D)demonstratethesuperiorityoflaboratorystudiesofzooplanktonfeedingratestootherkindsofstudiesofsuchrates
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“firsttheories”ofgrazercontrolmentionedinline4wouldhavebeenmoreconvincingifresearchershadbeenableto
(A)observehighphytoplanktonnumbersundernaturallakeconditions
(B)discovernegativecorrelationsbetweenalgaeandzooplanktonnumbersfromtheirfieldresearch
(C)understandthecentralimportanceofenvironmentalfactorsincontrollingthegrowthratesofphytoplankton(D)makeverifiablecorrelationsofcauseandeffectbetweenzooplanktonandphytoplanktonnumbers
(E)inventlaboratorytechniquesthatwouldhaveallowedthemtobypasstheirfieldresearchconcerninggrazercontrol
3.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldcallintoquestionHardy’sprincipleofanimalexclusion?
(A)Zooplanktonarenottheonlyorganismsthatareaffectedbyphytoplanktonrepellents.
(B)Zooplanktonexclusionisunrelatedtophytoplanktonpopulationdensity.
(C)Zooplanktonpopulationdensityishigherduringsomepartsoftheyearthanduringothers.
(D)Netphytoplanktonaremorelikelytoexcludezooplanktonthanarenannoplankton.
(E)Phytoplanktonnumberscanbestronglyaffectedbyenvironmetnalfactors.
KEYS:
ADB
333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
Passage1
Manytheorieshavebeenformulatedtoexplaintheroleofgrazerssuchaszooplanktonincontrollingtheamountofplanktonicalgae(phytoplankton)inlakes.Thefirsttheoriesofsuchgrazercontrolweremerelybasedonobservationsofnegativecorrelationsbetweenalgalandzooplanktonnumbers.Alownumberofalgalcellsinthepresenceofahighnumberofgrazerssuggested,butdidnotprove,thatthegrazershadremovedmostofthealgae.Theconverseobservation,oftheabsenceofgrazersinareasofhighphytoplanktonconcentration,ledHardytoproposehisprincipleofanimalexclusion,whichhypothesizedthatphytoplanktonproducedarepellentthatexcludedgrazersfromregionsofhighphytoplanktonconcentration.Thiswasthefirstsuggestionofalgaldefensesagainstgrazing.
Perhapsthefactthatmanyofthesefirststudiesconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinanet(netphytoplankton),apracticethatoverlookedthesmallerphytoplankton(nannoplankton)thatwenowknowgrazersaremostlikelytofeedon,ledtoadeemphasisoftheroleofgrazersinsubsequentresearch.Increasingly,asintheindividualstudiesofLund,Round,andReynolds,researchersbegantostresstheimportanceofenvironmentalfactorssuchastemperature,light,andwatermovementsincontrollingalgalnumbers.Theseenvironmentalfactorswereamen-abletofieldmonitoringandtosimulationinthelaboratory.Grazingwasbelievedtohavesomeeffectonalgalnumbers,especiallyafterphytoplanktongrowthratesdeclinedattheendofbloomperiods,butgrazingwasconsider
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- GRE 阅读 课堂 笔记