考研英语二模拟测试题九.docx

考研英语二模拟测试题九.docx

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考研英语二模拟测试题九

2014英语二模拟试卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）fromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe1halfofthe19thcentury;mostof2werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat3duringtheFirstWorldWar,when4ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished5inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.6thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose7,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,8,FederalState,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol

9thedaynurseries,chieflyby10them.

The11oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere12calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis13theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,14$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.ManyStatesandlocalcommunities15thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared16indaycarecentersreceivingFederal17.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment18cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater19them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir20attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

　　1.[A]latter[B]late[C]other[D]first

　　2.[A]those[B]them[C]whose[D]whom

　　3.[A]impetus[B]input[C]imitation[D]initiative

　　4.[A]sources[B]abundance[C]shortage[D]reduction

　　5.[A]hardly[B]entirely[C]only[D]even

　　6.[A]Because[B]As[C]Since[D]Although

　　7.[A]unanimously[B]sharply[C]predominantly[D]militantly

　　8.[A]therefore[B]consequently[C]however[D]moreover

　　9.[A]over[B]in[C]at[D]about

　　10.[A]formulating[B]labeling[C]patenting[D]licensing

　　11.[A]outset[B]outbreak[C]breakthrough[D]breakdown

　　12.[A]again[B]thus[C]repeatedly[D]yet

　　13.[A]circumstance[B]occasion[C]case[D]situation

　　14.[A]regulating[B]summoning[C]allocating[D]transferring

　　15.[A]expanded[B]facilitated[C]supplemented[D]compensated

　　16.[A]by[B]after[C]of[D]for

　　17.[A]pensions[B]subsidies[C]revenues[D]budgets

　　18.[A]prevalently[B]furiously[C]statistically[D]drastically

　　19.[A]abolished[B]diminished[C]jeopardized[D]precluded

　　20.[A]nurseries[B]homes[C]jobs[D]children

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachofthepassagesisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Ofalltheareasoflearningthemostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes:

emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.“Theburntchildfearsthefire”isoneinstance;anotheristheriseofdespotslikeHitler.Boththeseexamplesalsopointupthefactthatattitudescomefromexperience.Intheonecasetheexperiencewasdirectandimpressive;intheotheritwasindirectandcumulative.TheNaziswereinfluencedlargelybythespeechestheyheardandthebookstheyread.

Theclassroomteacherintheelementaryschoolisinastrategicpositiontoinfluenceattitudes.Thisistruepartlybecausechildrenacquireattitudesfromthoseadultswhosewordsarehighlyregardedbythem.

Anotherreasonitistrueisthatpupilsoftendevotetheirtimetoasubjectinschoolthathasonlybeentoucheduponathomeorhaspossiblyneveroccurredtothembefore.ToachildwhohadpreviouslyacquiredlittleknowledgeofMexicohisteacher’smethodofhandlingsuchaunitwouldgreatlyaffecthisattitudetowardMexicans.

Themediathroughwhichtheteachercandevelopwholesomeattitudesareinnumerable.Socialstudies（withspecialreferencetoraces,creedsandnationalities）,sciencemattersofhealthandsafety,theveryatmosphereoftheclassroom...theseareafewofthefertilefieldsfortheinculcationofproperemotionalreactions.

However,whenchildrengotoschoolwithundesirableattitudes,itisunwisefortheteachertoattempttochangetheirfeelingsbycajolingorscoldingthem.Shecanachievethepropereffectbyhelpingthemobtainconstructiveexperiences.

Toillustrate,first-gradepupilsafraidofpolicemenwillprobablyaltertheirattitudesafteraclassroomchatwiththeneighborhoodofficerinwhichheexplainshowheprotectsthem.Inthesameway,aclassofolderchildrencandevelopattitudesthroughdiscussion,research,outsidereadingandall-daytrips.

Finally,ateachermustconstantlyevaluateherownattitudes,becauseherinfluencecanbenegativeifshehaspersonalprejudices.Thisisespeciallytrueinrespecttocontroversialissuesandquestionsonwhichchildrenshouldbeencouragedtoreachtheirowndecisionasaresultofobjectiveanalysisofallthefacts.

21.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

[A]Anassertionismadeandtwoexamplesaregiventoillustrateit.

[B]Acontroversyisstatedandtwooppositepointsofviewarepresented.

[C]Awidelyaccepteddefinitionispresentedandtwomenaredescribed.

[D]Anideaisstatedandtworesultsofrecentresearcharesummarized.

22.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovetextisthat

[A]attitudesaffectouractions.

[B]teachersplayasignificantroleindevelopingorreshapingpupils’attitudes.

[C]attitudescanbemodifiedbysomeclassroomexperiences.

[D]bytheirattitudes,teachersdon'taffectpupils'attitudesdeliberately.

23.Inparagraph6theauthorimpliesthat

[A]theteachershouldguidealldiscussionsbyrevealingherownattitude.

[B]insomeaspectsofsocialstudiesagreatervarietyofmethodscanbeusedintheuppergradesthaninthelowergrades.

[C]peopleusuallyactonthebasisofreasoningratherthanonemotion.

[D]children'sattitudesoftencomefromthoseofotherchildren.

24.Astatementnotmadeorimpliedinthetextisthat

[A]attitudescanbebasedonthelearningofuntruestatements.

[B]worthwhileattitudesmaybedevelopedinpracticallyeverysubjectarea.

[C]attitudescannoteasilybechangedbyrewardsandlectures.

[D]theattitudesofelementaryschool-agedchildrenareinfluencedprimarilybythewaytheyweretreatedasinfants.

25.Thetextspeciallystatesthat

[A]directexperiencesaremorevaluablethanindirectones.

[B]whateverattitudesachildlearnsinschoolhavealreadybeenintroducedathome.

[C]teacherscansometimeshaveanunwholesomeinfluenceonchildren.

[D]teachersshouldalwaysconcealtheirownattitudes

Text2

Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:

forinstance,electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,andharbors.Theareaofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerandinformationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewholeeconomicsystemisindanger.

Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepoweroftradeunionssuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbloodsupply.ThiscanhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelaborforceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritishworkersbelongtounions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistoricalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallines,ratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.

Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Someunionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Othersareinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeelingbetweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistencebyadvancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembersdisappointingjobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedordestroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.

Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompaniesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelected,orevenappointed,forlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystemof“shopstewards”inmanyunions,“shopstewa