英语高三英语阅读理解社会文化提高训练.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解社会文化提高训练.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解社会文化提高训练
(英语)高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)提高训练
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
TherearelotsofwaystoeducateyourselfontheInternet.Youcanfindphotos,documents,andfilmsonalmostanytopicyoucanimagine.Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.
TEDbeganin1984asaconferencethatbroughttogetherindividualsfromthefieldsoftechnology,entertainmentanddesign.Itwasintendedtobeaone-timeeventfocusingontechnologyanddesign.Theeventendeduplosingmoney,anditwassixyearsbeforethefounderstrieditagain.Thistimeitworked,andsince1990,theTEDconferencehasbeenanannualevent.Therearenowtwoheldeveryyear,withtopicsasdiverseasmusic,medicine,andmoney.Otherspecializedspin-offconferencesaddressnarrowerissues.
TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to"offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,"asthewebsiteputsit.ThecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinApril2007,andcontainsvideosoftalksgivenattheTEDconferencesaroundtheworld.Thetalksaretranscribedintohundredsoflanguages.
TheTEDwebsiteisownedbytheSaplingFoundation,anonprofitdevotedtofosteringthespreadofgreatideas.TheSaplingfoundationacquiredTEDin2001.Sincethen,ithasbeenfocusingonusingTEDtobroadcastideasthatmightchangetheworld.
TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist(精英)foritshighticketprices(morethan6,000dollarstotal).It'sbeenaccusedbyafewpeopleofcensorshipfornotpublishingtheirtalks.Onecontroversialspeakerwasupsetaboutbeingcriticizedbytheconference'shostafterward.
Thecomplaints,however,seemtoberelativelyfewforsuchalarge,long-runningorganization.AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.
(1)Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?
A.ThecaseagainstTED
B.What'sonTEDtoday.
C.Prosandconsof.
D.WhatisTED
(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A.TheTEDconferencecameafterthesuccessof.
B.TwoTEDconferencesarenowheldeveryyear.
C.TEDtalksareavailableinmanylanguages.
D.TheSaplingFoundationowns.
(3)Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.
A.itisacceptedtoallinvolvedthatsomeTEDtalksmightnotbepublished
B.thehostoftheconferenceisonewhoplaysasupportiveroletothespeakers
C.TEDiscriticizedforgivingspecialtreatmenttothewealthyorpowerful
D.thenegativecommentsonTEDgreatlyaffectsitsreputation
(4)Thisauthorprobablybelievesthat________.
A.TEDiselitist
B.TEDisbeneficial
C.TEDisn'timportant
D.TEDisthebestwebsite
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.”在,你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。
以及以下几个段落的内容,可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to‘offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,’asthewebsiteputsit.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望,用网站的话说,就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。
可知,“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误,故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist(精英)foritshighticketprices.”当然,TED也免不了受到批评。
它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义;以及最后一段中的“AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时,精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。
可推断出,TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评,故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.”不管它的缺点是什么,TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。
可推断出,这位作者可能认为TED是有益的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.
Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?
Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?
Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.
'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.
Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.
Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?
Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."
(1)Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?
A. Itconsumeslotsoftime. B. Itinvolvesinterestingideas.
C. Itrequirescomplextechniques.
D. Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.
(2)Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?
A. Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.
B. Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.
C. Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.
D. Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.
(3)WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?
A. Hopeful B. Doubtful. C. Disapproving. D. Ambiguous.
(4)Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?
A. Entertainment.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Pop-science.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,折纸是一种具有创造性的传统艺术,而现在它已经被应用到技术工程领域,人们利用折纸原理创造出了很多可折叠的装置。
折纸工程将在很大程度上影响未来的医药、计算机和机器人行业。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:
itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知,折纸是一个具有创造性的传统艺术,我们不用裁剪或拼贴,只通过折叠就可以把一张正方形或者三角形的纸变成动物、纸盒、花、船等东西,由此推测折纸需要有创造性的和有趣的想法。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折纸爱好者Lang向一位制造商建议了把安全气囊折叠到仪表盘中的最佳方式。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine认为折纸工程的应用远远超出了我们的想象,由此可推测ErikDemaine对折纸工程的未来充满希望。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”;第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”;第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重构的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知卫星,安全气囊的折叠,未来电脑的发展和未来可重构机器人,这些都和科学技术相关,故推测本文很有可能出现在报纸的科学板块。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics(漫画)withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto"keepapositiveimage"ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual(手册).
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