外研版高中英语必修四课文文本.docx

外研版高中英语必修四课文文本.docx

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外研版高中英语必修四课文文本

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Module1Reading

TheCityoftheFuture

Whatwillthecityofthefuturelooklike?

Nooneknows

forsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskybusiness.Butone

thingiscertain—theyaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheyget

smaller.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecome

veryimportantasearth'snaturalresourcesrunout.Wewill

uselotsofrecycledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminium,steel,glass,woodandpaper,

andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.Wewillalsohavetorelymoreon

alternativeenergy,suchassolarandwindpower.Allthisseemscertain,butthereare

plentyofthingsaboutcitylifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.

Tofindoutwhatyoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureofurbanlife,ateacherata

universityinTexasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheywouldrun

acityof50,000peopleintheyear2025.Herearesomeoftheideastheyhad:

willthecityridofgarbageproblems,getGarbageshipsTo

wastematerialsandsendthemtowardsloadhugespaceshipswithandenvironmentalproblems.

landfillthesun,preventing

insteadofguns.

criminalsarrestbyfiringnetsBatmanNetsPolicewill

Nosmokingwillbeallowedwithinafuturecity'slimits.SmokingForgetsmoking.

outdoorswillbepossibleonlyoutsidecities,and

andcatalogueswillInthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonlineForgetthemallstoplaceorders.

havevoicecommands------

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TelephonesforlifeEveryonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwill

neverchangenomatterwheretheylive.

RecreationAllformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concerts

andothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebythecity.

CarsAllcarswillbepoweredbyelectricity,solarenergyorwind,anditwillbe

possibletochangethecolourofcarsattheflickofaswitch.

TelesurgeryDistancesurgerywillbecomecommonasdoctorscarryoutoperations

fromthousandsofmilesaway,witheachcityhavingitsowntelesurgeryoutpatient

clinic.

HolidaysathomeSeniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogo

anywhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.

SpacetravelTravellinginspacebyordinarycitizenswillbecommon.Eachcity

willhaveitsownspaceport.

CulturalCorner

FamousLastWords

Notallpredictionscometrue.Manyofthemarewrong,andsomearevery

wrong.Herearejustafewofthebadpredictionspeoplemadeinthetwentieth

centuryaboutthetwenty-firstcentury:

AIRPLANES

NoflyingmachinewilleverflyfromNewYorktoParis.

OrvilleWright,1908.

COMPUTERS

Ithinkthereisaworldmarketformaybefivecomputers.

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ThomasWaston,chairmanofIBM,1943.

CLOTHES

Thirtyyearsfromnowpeoplewillbewearingclothesmadeofpaperwhich

theywillbeabletothrowawayafterwearingthemtwoorthreetimes.

ChangingTimesMagazine,1957.

MENONTHEMOON

Withthefirstmooncoloniespredictedforthe1970's,workisnowin

progressonthetypesofbuildingrequiredformentostayinwhenthey'reonthe

moon.

ArnoldB.BarachinTheChangestoCome,1962.

THEBEATLES

Wedon'tliketheirsound,andguitarmusicisonthewayout.

DeccaRecordingCo.rejectingtheBeatles,1962.

ROBOTSINTHEHOUSE

Bytheyear2000,housewiveswillprobablyhavearobotshapedlikeabox

withonelargeeyeonthetop,severalarmsandhands,andlongnarrowpadson

thesideformovingabout.

NewYorkTimes,1966.

KEYS

Bythemid-1980'snoonewilleverneedtohideakey

underthedoormatagain,becausetherewon'tbeany

keys.

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ComputerscientistChristopherEvans,

TheMicroMillennium,1979.

Module2Reading

GettingAroundinBeijing

Taxis

Taxisareonthestreets24hoursaday.Simplyraiseyour

hand,andataxiappearsinnotime.Theyareusuallyred,and

theydisplaythepriceperkilometreonthewindow.You

shouldcheckthecabhasabusinesspermit,andmakesure

youaskforareceipt.

Busesandtrolleybuses

PublictransportprovidesacheapwaytogetaroundinBeijing.Thereare20,000

busesandtrolleybusesinBeijing,buttheycangetverycrowded.It'sagoodideato

avoidpublictransportduringtherushhour（6:

30a.m.–8:

00a.m.and5:

00p.m.–6:

30

p.m.）.Faresarecheap,startingat1yuan.Air-conditionedbusescostmore.

Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitycentre.Higher

numbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.Touristsshouldn'tmissthe103buswhich

offersoneofthemostimpressiveroutes,pasttheForbiddenCityandtheWhite

PagodainBeihaiPark.Ifyougetonadouble-deckerbus,makesureyousitupstairs.

You'llhaveagoodviewoftherapidlychangingcity.

Mostbusesrunfromabout5:

00a.m.tomidnight.However,thereisalsoanight

busservice,providedbybuseswithanumberinthe200s.

Minibuses

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Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoexpensivetaxisand

crowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.Theyrunregularservicesandfollowthesame

routesaslargepublicbuses.Andinaminibusyoualwaysgetaseateveninrushhours.

Underground

TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesareunder

construction.Trainsarefastandconvenient,butrushhourscanbeterrible.Aone-way

tripcosts3yuan.Stationnamesaremarkedinpinyin.Theundergroundisopenfrom

5:

00a.m.to11:

00p.m.

Pedicabs

Touristslikethesehuman-pedalledricycletaxis,buttheycanbeexpensive.You

shouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureyouknowthepricebeforeyoubeginthe

journey,forexample,ifitisperperson,singleorreturn.Tricyclesareworthusingif

youwanttoexplorethenarrowalleys（hutong）ofoldBeijing.

CulturalCorner

TheLondonCongestionCharge

Beijingisn'ttheonlycitywithtrafficproblems.Youcangetstuckinatrafficjam

anywhereintheworld.Theworstproblemsoccurincitieswhicharegrowingfast,

suchasSaoPaoloinBrazilandLagosinNigeria.Butevencitiesindeveloped

countriessuchastheUSsuffer.LosAngeles,whichwasbuiltwiththemotorcarin

mind,andisfamousforitssix-lanehighways,isnowthe

USA'smostcongestedcity.

InEuropemostcapitalcitieswereplannedandbuilt

beforecars,andcitycentretrafficjamshavebeenpartof

dailylifeforalongtime.ThesituationincentralLondon,

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wheredriversspentfiftypercentoftheirtimeinqueues,becamesobadthatthelocal

governmentdecidedtodosomethingaboutit.InFebruary2003theMayorofLondon,

敋?

楌楶杮瑳湯?

椠瑮潲畤散?

?

捜湯敧瑳潩?

档牡敧—ataxforcarsenteringthecentre

ofthecity.

Theideaissimple:

everycarcomingintothecentrehastopay￡5aday.Drivers

canpaythechargeatanyof10,000paypointsinthecapitalbefore10p.m.Asthecars

comeintothecentre,videocamerasrecordtheirregistrationnumbers,andtheseare

checkedwithalistofdriverswhohavepaidthechargeforthatday.Peoplewhodonot

paythechargewillfaceafineof￡80.

MostLondonersarenothappywiththeidea.TheyagreethatLondonhasatraffic

problem,butthecongestionchargeisexpensive,andlimitstheirfreedom...

Butdoesthecongestionchargework?

Asurveycarriedoutattheendof2003

suggestsitdoes.Afteronlysixmonths,trafficcomingintocentralLondonwas

reducedbyabout30percent,andjourneytimesby15percent.Morepeopleused

publictransporttogettowork,andbicyclesweresuddenlyverypopular.What'smore,

centralLondonshopsdidnotlosebusinesseventhoughtherewerefewercars.

Butthereareafewpeoplewhothinkthechargeshouldbemuchhigher,for

examplerichbusinessmenwhoworkinthecitycentreandcaneasilyaffordit.This

wouldkeepevenmorecarsoutofcentralLondon,andtheroadswouldbenearly

empty.However,therearenoplanstoincreasethecharge.

Module3Reading

GreetingsAroundtheWorld

Ifyousaythewordcommunication,mostpeoplethink

ofwordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,

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wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,body

positionsarepartofwhatwecallodylanguage.Weseeexamplesofunconscious

bodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalsolearnedbodylanguage,whichvariesfrom

culturetoculture.

Weuselearnedbodylanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.Likeother

animals,weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelax.Soeveryculturehas

developedaformalwaytogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive.

Traditionally,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.Theydothiswiththeright

hand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreetingsomeone,

itcannotbeholdingaweapon.Sothegestureissaying,Itrustyou.Look,I'mnot

carryingathreateningweapon.Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone,youshowyoutrust

them.Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,Weagreeandwetrusteach

other.

GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,butthey

alwaysinvolvethehands.TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputthe

righthandovertheleftandbowslightly.Muslimsgiveasalaam,wheretheytouch

theirheart,mouthandforehead.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.

Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywiththegreetingandcannotholda

weapon.

Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformalstylesofgreeting,theystilluse

theirhandsasagestureoftrust.Americanyouthsoftengreeteachotherwiththe

expression,Givemefive!

Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmou