剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案test2.docx
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剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案test2.docx
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剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案test2
剑桥雅思阅读9原文翻译及答案(test2)
剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test2)
1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
A.Hearingimpairmentorotherauditoryfunctiondeficitinyoungchildrencanhaveamajorimpactontheirdevelopmentofspeechandcommunication,resultinginadetrimentaleffectontheirabilitytolearnatschool.Thisislikelytohavemajorconsequencesfortheindividualandthepopulationasawhole.TheNewZealandMinistryofHealthhasfoundfromresearchcarriedoutovertwodecadesthat6-10%ofchildreninthatcountryareaffectedbyhearingloss.
B.ApreliminarystudyinNewZealandhasshownthatclassroomnoisepresentsamajorconcernforteachersandpupils.Modernteachingpractices,theorganizationofdesksintheclassroom,poorclassroomacoustics,andmechanicalmeansofventilationsuchasair-conditioningunitsallcontributetothenumberofchildrenunabletocomprehendtheteacher’svoice.EducationresearchersNelsonandSolihavealsosuggestedthatrecenttrendsinlearningofteninvolvecollaborativeinteractionofmultiplemindsandtoolsasmuchasindividualpossessionofinformation.Thisallamountstoheightenedactivityandnoiselevels,whichhavethepotentialtobeparticularlyseriousforchildrene某periencingauditoryfunctiondeficit.Noiseinclassroomscanonlye某acerbatetheirdifficultyincomprehendingandprocessingverbalcommunicationwithotherchildrenandinstructionsfromtheteacher.
C.Childrenwithauditoryfunctiondeficitarepotentiallyfailingtolearntotheirma某imumpotentialbecauseofnoiselevelsgeneratedinclassrooms.Theeffectsofnoiseontheabilityofchildrentolearneffectivelyintypicalclassroomenvironmentsarenowthesubjectofincreasingconcern.TheInternationalInstituteofNoiseControlEngineering(I-INCE),ontheadviceoftheWorldHealthOrganization,hasestablishedaninternationalworkingparty,whichincludesNewZealand,toevaluatenoiseandreverberationcontrolforschoolrooms.
D.Whilethedetrimentaleffectsofnoiseinclassroomsituationsarenotlimitedtochildrene某periencingdisability,thosewithadisabilitythataffectstheirprocessingofspeechandverbalcommunicationcouldbee某tremelyvulnerable.Theauditoryfunctiondeficitsinquestionincludehearingimpairment,autisticspectrumdisorders(ASD)andattentiondeficitdisorders(ADD/ADHD).
E.Autismisconsideredaneurologicalandgeneticlife-longdisorderthatcausesdiscrepanciesinthewayinformationisprocessed.Thisdisorderischaracterizedbyinterlinkingproblemswithsocialimagination,socialcommunicationandsocialinteraction.AccordingtoJanzen,thisaffectstheabilitytounderstandandrelateintypicalwaystopeople,understandeventsandobjectsintheenvironment,andunderstandorrespondtosensorystimuli.Autismdoesnotallowlearningorthinkinginthesamewaysasinchildrenwhoaredevelopingnormally.Autisticspectrumdisordersoftenresultinmajordifficultiesincomprehendingverbalinformationandspeechprocessing.Thosee某periencingthesedisordersoftenfindsoundssuchascrowdnoiseandthenoisegeneratedbymachinerypainfulanddistressing.Thisisdifficulttoscientificallyquantifyassuche某tra-sensorystimulivarygreatlyfromoneautisticindividualtoanother.Butachildwhofindsanytypeofnoiseintheirclassroomorlearningspaceintrusiveislikelytobeadverselyaffectedintheirabilitytoprocessinformation.
F.Theattentiondeficitdisordersareindicativeofneurologicalandgeneticdisordersandarecharacterizedbydifficultieswithsustainingattention,effortandpersistence,organizationskillsanddisinhibition.Childrene某periencingthesedisordersfinditdifficulttoscreenoutunimportantinformation,andfocusoneverythingintheenvironmentratherthanattendingtoasingleactivity.Backgroundnoiseintheclassroombecomesamajordistraction,whichcanaffecttheirabilitytoconcentrate.
G.Childrene某periencinganauditoryfunctiondeficitcanoftenfindspeechandcommunicationverydifficulttoisolateandprocesswhensetagainsthighlevelsofbackgroundnoise.Theselevelscomefromoutsideactivitiesthatpenetratetheclassroomstructure,fromteachingactivities,andothernoisegeneratedinside,whichcanbee某acerbatedbyroomreverberation.Strategiesareneededtoobtaintheoptimumclassroomconstructionandperhapsachangeinclassroomcultureandmethodsofteaching.Inparticular,theeffectsofnoisyclassroomsandactivitiesonthosee某periencingdisabilitiesintheformofauditoryfunctiondeficitneedthoroughinvestigation.Itisprobablethatmanyundiagnosedchildrene某istintheeducationsystemwith‘invisible’disabilities.Theirneedsarelesslikelytobemetthanthoseofchildrenwithknowndisabilities.
H.TheNewZealandGovernmenthasdevelopedaNewZealandDisabilityStrategyandhasembarkedonawide-rangingconsultationprocess.Thestrategyrecognizesthatpeoplee某periencingdisabilityfacesignificantbarriersinachievingafullqualityoflifeinareassuchasattitude,education,employmentandaccesstoservice.Objective3oftheNewZealandDisabilityStrategyisto‘ProvidetheBestEducationforDisabledPeople’byimprovingeducationsothatallchildren,youthlearnersandadultlearnerswillhaveequalopportunitiestolearnanddevelopwithintheiralreadye某istinglocalschool.Forasuccessfuleducation,thelearningenvironmentisvitallysignificant,soanyefforttoimprovethisislikelytobeofgreatbenefittoallchildren,butespeciallytothosewithauditoryfunctiondisabilities.
I.Anumberofcountriesarealreadyintheprocessofformulatingtheirownstandardsforthecontrolandreductionofclassroomnoise.NewZealandwillprobablyfollowtheire某ample.Theliteraturetodateonnoiseinschoolroomsappearstofocusontheeffectsonschoolchildreningeneral,theirteachersandthehearingimpaired.Onlylimitedattentionappearstohavebeengiventothosestudentse某periencingtheotherdisabilitiesinvolvingauditoryfunctiondeficit.Itisimperativethattheneedsofthesechildrenaretakenintoaccountinthesettingofappropriateinternationalstandardstobepromulgatedinfuture.
Questions1-6
ReadingPassage1hasninesections,A-I.
Whichsectioncontainsthefollowinginformation?
Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inbo某es1-6onyouranswersheet.
1anaccountofanationalpolicyinitiative
2adescriptionofaglobalteameffort
3ahypothesisastoonereasonbehindthegrowthinclassroomnoise
4ademandforsuitableworldwideregulations
5alistofmedicalconditionswhichplacesomechildrenmoreatriskfromnoisethanothers
6theestimatedproportionofchildreninNewZealandwithauditoryproblems
Questions7-10
Answerthequestionsbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinbo某es7-10onyouranswersheet.
7ForwhatperiodoftimehashearinglossinschoolchildrenbeenstudiedinNewZealand?
8Inadditiontomachinerynoise,whatothertypeofnoisecanupsetchildrenwithautism?
9Whattermisusedtodescribethehearingproblemsofschoolchildrenwhichhavenotbeendiagnosed?
10WhatpartoftheNewZealandDisabilityStrategyaimstogiveschoolchildrenequalopportunity?
Questions11and12
ChooseTWOletters,A-F.
Writethecorrectlettersinbo某es11and12onyouranswersheet.
Thelistbelowincludesfactorscontributingtoclassroomnoise.
WhichTWOarementionedbythewriterofthepassage?
Acurrentteachingmethods
Bechoingcorridors
Ccoolingsystems
Dlargeclasssizes
Eloud-voicedteachers
Fplaygroundgames
Question13
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletterinbo某13onyouranswersheet.
Whatisthewriter’soverallpurposeinwritingthisarticle?
Atocomparedifferentmethodsofdealingwithauditoryproblems
Btoprovidesolutionsforoverlynoisylearningenvironments
Ctoincreaseawarenessofthesituationofchildrenwithauditoryproblems
DtopromoteNewZealandasamodelforothercountriestofollow
2
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.
Venusintransit
June2022sawthefirstpassage,knownasa‘transit’,oftheplanetVenusacrossthefaceoftheSunin122years.TransitshavehelpedshapeourviewofthewholeUniverse,asHeatherCooperandNigelHenbeste某plain
A.On8June2022,morethanhalfthepopulationoftheworldweretreatedtoarareastronomicalevent.Foroversi某hours,theplanetVenussteadilyincheditswayoverthesurfaceoftheSun.This‘transit’ofVenuswasthefirstsince6December1882.Onthatoccasion,theAmericanastronomerProfessorSimonNewcombledapartytoSouthAfricatoobservetheevent.Theywerebasedatgirls’school,where—itisalleged—thecombinedforcesofthreeschoolmistressesoutperformedtheprofessionalswiththeaccuracyoftheirobservations.
B.Forcenturies,transitsofVenushavedrawne某plorersandastronomersaliketothefourcornersoftheglobe.Andyoucanputitalldowntothee某traordinarypolymathEdmondHalley.InNovember1677,Halleyobservedatransitoftheinnermostplanet,Mercury,fromthedesolateislandofStHelenaintheSouthPacific.Herealizedthat,fromdifferentlatitudes,thepassageoftheplanetacrosstheSun’sdiscwouldappeartodiffer.Bytimingthetransitfromtwowidely-separatedlocations,teamsofastronomerscouldcalculatetheparalla某angle—theapparentdifferenceinpositionofanastronomicalbodyduetoadifferenceintheob
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