英国文学史习题第二三部分.docx
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英国文学史习题第二三部分.docx
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英国文学史习题第二三部分
Part
TheRenaissance
.Fillintheblanks.
1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof_____________relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof_______________.
2.____________brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysinthecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof______________________.
3.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingbeenexterminatedinthecourseoftheWarof________,anewnobility,totallydependentonKing’spower,cometothefore.
4.AbsolutemonarchyinEnglandreacheditssummitduringthereignof__________.
5._____________wasthefirsttointroducethesonnetintoEnglishliterature.InElizabethantime,thethreegreatestsonnetwritersareWilliamShakespeare,__________________and_________________.
6.Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,and___________aregenerallyregardedasShakespeare’sfourgreattragedies.
7.Duringthetwenty-twoyearsofhisliterarywork,Shakespeareproduced______plays,_____narrativepoemsand______sonnets.
8.TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustusisoneof______________’sbestplays.Anditishimwhomade__________theprincipalvehicleofexpressionindrama.
9._____________isoftenreferredtoasthepoets’poet.
10.PopedescribedFrancisBaconasthe___________,___________,_____________ofmankind.Bacon’sworksmaybedividedintothreeclasses,the__________,the__________,the_________works.
.FindoutthematchfromcolumnBforeachitemincolumnA.
(
)Findouttheauthorandhiswork.
AB
1.()ThomasMorea.GorgeGreen
2.()EdmundSpenserb.Eupheus
3.()JohnLylyc.TheFairyQueen
4.()Marlowed.Utopia
5.()RobertGreenee.TheJewofMalta
(
).TherelationshipwithHamlet.
AB
1.()Ghosta.friend
2.()Claudiusb.mother
3.()QueenGertrudec.father
4.()Horatiod.girlfriend
5.()Poloniuse.girlfriend’sfather
6.()Opheliaf.uncle
(
).Thecharacterintheplay.
AB
1.()TheMerchantofVenicea.Desdemona
2.()AsYouLikeItb.Cordelia
3.()Hamletc.Juliet
4.()KingLeard.Ophelia
5.()Othelloe.Portia
6.()RomeoandJulietf.Rosalind
.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.
1.Renaissance:
1)Theword,meaning“rebirth”,iscommonlyappliedtothemovementorperiodwhichmarksthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemoderninWesternEurope.
2)Intheusualsenseoftheword,Renaissancesuggestsespeciallythe14th,15th,16th,andearly17thcenturies,thedatesdifferingfordifferentcountries.
3)(ItisbesttoregardtheRenaissanceastheresultofanewemphasisuponandanewcombinationoftendenciesandattitudesalreadyexiting,stimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents.)
ThenewhumanisticlearningresultedfromtherediscoveryofclassicalliteratureisfrequentlytakenasthebeginningoftheRenaissanceonitsconscious,intellectualside,sinceitwastothetreasuresofclassicalcultureandtotheauthorityofclassicalwritersthatthepeopleoftheRenaissanceturnedforinspiration.
2.sonnet:
1)Itisalyricpoemof14lineswithformalrhymescheme,expressingdifferentaspectsofasinglethought,mood,orfeeling,sometimesresolvedorsummedupinthelastlinesofthepoem.
2)TheformoriginatedfrommedievalItalyinabout1230-1240,andreacheditspeakwiththeItalianpoetPetrarch.Inthefirsthalfofthe16thcentury,ThomasWyattintroducedtheItaliansonnetintoEnglandandestablishedEnglishsonnet.ThemostfamousEnglishsonnetsequencesappearedinElizabethantimes,includingSirPhilipSidney’sAstrophilandStella(1591),EdmundSpenser’sAmoretti(1595)andShakespeare’sSonnets(1593-1598).
3)ThetwomainformsofthesonnetarethePatrarchan,orItalian,andtheEnglish,orShakespearean.Theformerconsistsofanoctave,oreight-linestanza,andasestet,orsix-linestanza.Theoctavehastwoquatrains,rhymingabba,abba;thefirstquatrainpresentsthetheme,theseconddevelopsit.Thesestetisbuiltonafewdifferentrhymes,arrangedcddcee,cdecde,cdccdc,orcdedce;thefirstthreelinesexemplifyorreflectonthetheme,andthelastthreelinesbringthewholepoemtoaunifiedclose.PhilipSidney’ssonnetsareexcellentexamplesofthisstyleintheEnglishlanguage.
4)TheEnglishsonnetconsistsofthreequatrains,eachrhymeddifferently,withafinal,independentlyrhymedcoupletthatmakesaneffective,unifyingclimaxtothewhole.Therhymeschemeisabab,cdcd,efef,gg.
3.humanism:
1)Broadly,thistermsuggestsanyattitudewhichtendstoexaltthehumanelementsorstresstheimportanceofhumaninterests,asopposedtothesupernatural,divineelements—orasopposedtothegrosser,animalelements.
2)Inamorespecificsense,humanismsuggestsadevotiontothosestudiessupposedtopromotehumanculturemosteffectively—inparticular,thosedealingwiththelife,thought,language,andliteratureofancientGreeceandRome.InliteraryhistorythemostimportantuseofthetermistodesignatetherevivalofclassicalculturewhichaccompaniedtheRenaissance.
4.tragedy:
1)Tragedyisconcernedwiththeharshnessandapparentinjusticeoflife.
2)Itusuallyrecountsanimportantandcausallyrelatedseriesofeventsinthelifeofapersonofsignificance.Theeventswouldculminateintrialsandcatastrophesofahero,whofallsdownfrompowerandwhoseeventualdeathleadstothedownfallofothers.Oftenthehero’sfallfromhappinessisduetoaweaknessinhischaracter,aweaknesssuchastheexcessiveprideofFaustus,theoverweeningambitionofMacbeth,ortheuncontrolledjealousyofOthello,whichbringsself-destruction.
3)Thetragicactionarousedfeelingsofaweintheaudience,whooftenleavethetheatrewitharenewedsenseoftheseriousnessandsignificanceofhumanlife.Thewordcatharsisisoftenusedtodescribetheaudience’sfeelings.Itmeansthepurgingfromthemindofthefeelingsofpityandfeartheplayhasaroused.
5.essay:
1)Thetermreferstoliterarycompositiondevotedtothepresentationofthewriter’sownideasonatopicandgenerallyaddressingaparticularaspectofthesubject.Oftenbriefinscopeandinformalinstyle,theessaydiffersfromsuchformalexpositoryformsasthethesis,dissertation,ortreatise.
2)ThedevelopmentoftheformmaybeconsideredaresultoftheRenaissanceemphasisontheindividual,whichfosteredexplorationofone’sinnerselfinrelationtotheoutsideworld.
6.classicism:
1)Asacriticalterm,classicismisabodyofdoctrinethoughttobederivedfromortoreflectthequalitiesofancientGreekcriticism.Classicismstandsforcertaindefiniteideasandattitudes,mainlydrawnfromthecriticalutterancesoftheGreeksandRomansordevelopedthroughanimitationofancientartandliterature.Theseincluderestraint,restrictedscope,dominanceofreason,senseofform,unityofdesignandaim,clarity,simplicity,balance,attentiontostructureandlogicalorganization,chastenessinstyle,severityofoutline,moderation,self-control,intellectualism,decorum,respectfortradition,imitation,conservation,andgoodsense.
.Answerthefollowingquestions.
1.GiveasummaryabouttheEnglishliteratureduringtheRenaissanceperiod.
Answer:
a)EnglishliteratureintheRenaissancePeriodisusuallyregardedasthehighlightinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.InthesecondperiodofEnglishRenaissance,thatis,inElizabethanPeriod,Englishliteraturedevelopedwithagreatspeedandmadeamagnificentachievement.
b)ThegreatestandmostdistinctiveachievementofElizabethanliteratureisthedrama.Thusappearedagroupofexcellentdramatists.TheyareJohnLyly,ThomasKyd,GeorgePeele,RobertGreene,ChristopherMarlowe,WilliamShakespeare,andBenJohnson.
c)Nexttothedramaisthelyricalpoetry.Elizabethanpoetryisremarkableforitsvariety,itsfreshness,itsyouthfulness,anditsromanticfeeling.Agroupofgreatpoetsappeared,suchasThomasWyatt,HenryHoward,PhilipSidney,andEdmundSpenser.Inthattime,writingpoetrybecameafashion,andQueenElizabethherselfwasalsoapoet.
d)Besidesdramaandpoetry,therewerealsosomeprosewritings,thoughnotsomany,suchasThomasMore’sUtopia,whichmaybethoughtasthefirstliterarymasterpieceoftheEnglishRenaissance,andFrancisBacon’sEssays,whichmakestheauthoroneofthebestessayistsinEnglishliterature.
2.GiveabriefcommentonTheMerchantofVenice.
Answer:
a)OfShakespeare’searliercomedies,TheMerchantofVeniceiscertainlythemostoutstandingoneinwhichShakespearecreatestension,ambiguity,aself-consciousandself-delightingartificethatisatonceintellectuallyexcitingandemotionallyengaging.Thesophisticationderivesinpartfromtheplaybetweenhigh,outgoingromanceanddarkforcesofnegativityandhate.
b)ThetraditionalthemeoftheplayistopraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassano,toidealizePortiaasaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,andtoexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutalityoftheJew,butlater,especiallyaftertheholocaustcommittedbytheNaziGermanyduringtheSecondWorldWar,itisverydifficulttoseeShylockasaconventionalevilfigure.AndmanypeopletodaytendtoregardtheplayasasatireoftheChristianhypocrisyandtheirfalsestandardoffriendshipandlove,theircunningwaysofpursuingworldlinessandtheirunreasoningprejudiceagainstJews.
3.ReadBacon’s“OfStudies”carefully,anduseitasanexampletoillustrateBacon’swritingstyle.
Answer:
Bacon’sessaysarefamousfortheirbrevity,compactness,andpowerfulness.YetthereisanobviousstylisticchangeinhisEssays.Thesentencesint
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