英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx
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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx
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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化
【英语】高考英语总复习--阅读理解(社会文化)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,lowpayingjob.
Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.
Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforalessthandesirablejob.
Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite(精英).Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.
MsLeesaid,"Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.CoauthorDrMadanPillutlasaid,"Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."
Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs.
(1)Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?
A. Itisadisadvantage.
B. Itisablessing.
C. itisnotimportant.
D. Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.
(2)WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A. Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.
B. Theimportanceoftheexperiment.
C. Theprocessoftheexperiment.
D. Theresultoftheexperiment.
(3)Anordinarylookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor_______.
A. amanager B. aprojectdirector C. awarehouseworker D. anITelite
(4)Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?
A. Becausetheyaremorehardworking.
B. Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.
C. Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.
D. Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.
(5)Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?
A. Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhighleveljobs.
B. Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhighleveljobs.
C. Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.
D. Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)C
(4)B
(5)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第三段内容,特别是"Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentative"及"participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejob"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的"Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。
(5)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇社会类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
ItiscommonlybelievedthattheearliestChinesepaper-cutsappearedduringthesixthcentury.Somescholarsbelieveitwasevenearlier.LegendhasitthatduringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD24),EmperorWudiwasverysadafteroneofhisfavoriteconcubines,MadameLi,died.ATaoistpriest,LiShaoweng,cutapieceofhemppaperintheshapeofMadameLi.Wheneveningfell,theemperor'sservantslitcandlesinhisbedroom;thereflectionofthatpaper-cutonthewallmadetheemperorthinkabouthisbelovedconcubine.
TheYuxianpaper-cutisdifferentfrommostpaper-cutsproducedinotherregionsofChina.Paper-cutsfromotherregionsaremostlycutwithscissorsorknivesfromsingle-coloredpaper,suchasredorblackpaper.
TherearefourmajorprocedurestomakingtheYuxianpaper-cut:
First,sketchthepatternonthedraftpaper;second,fastenthedrafttothepapertobecut;third,useaknifetocarveoutthepattern;andfourth,dye(染色)thepaper-cutwithvariouscolors.
PrecisecuttingskillsareneededtomakeapieceoftheYuxianpaper-cut,whichhighlightsthecraftmaker'sartistictasteanddyeingskills.Thatexplainsthefollowingsaying:
"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills."
ThetraditionalYuxianpaper-cuthighlightstwothemes:
flowersandcharactersinChineseoperas.Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas.InOctober2009,theartofYuxian'spaper-cutwasaddedtothelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(非物质文化遗产)establishedbyUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).
(1)Thefirstparagraphisactuallyabout___________.
A. EmperorWudi'sfavoriteconcubine
B. theoriginsofChinesepaper-cuts
C. theinventorofChinesepaper-cut
D. oneofthethemesofYuxianpaper-cut
(2)Whichisthemostimportantskillofmakingpaper-cut?
A. Drawingskill.
B. Cuttingskill.
C. Dyeingskill.
D. Carvingskill
(3)Accordingtothepassage,theYuxianpaper-cutisespeciallyfamousforits__________.
A. livelyimagesofcharactersinclassicoperas
B. traditionalChineseoperas
C. Chineseculturalinfluenceonoperas
D. advancedcuttingtechniques
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. TheEarliestChineseLegend
B. TheYuxianPaper-cutSkills
C. EmperorWudi'sSadStory
D. ChineseYuxianPaper-cut
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。
(1)考查段落大意。
根据第一段可知,介绍了中国剪纸的起源。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30%取决于制作人的切割技巧,70%取决于制作人的染色技巧。
可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。
可知,选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
通读全文可知,短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。
制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧,这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。
传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:
中国戏曲中的花和人物。
这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
TheinfluenceofAmericaisincreasinginmycountry.SpanishpeopledrinkCocaCola,wearbluejeans,watchHollywoodmovies,listentoAmericanmusic,andeatfastfood,andtheydothesethingseveryday.
IthinkthatAmericanmoviesareagoodwaytospreadAmericanculturebecausepeopleareofteninfluencedbywhattheyseeinthemovies.Mostoftheprogramsanddocumentaries(记录片)wewatchonTVarefromAmerica,andmostofthemovieswegotoseearemadeinHollywood.
Inthelastfewyears,thegovernmenthastriedtoprotecttheSpanishmovies.Now,inourcinemas,atleasttwentypercentofthemovieswhichareshownmustbefromSpainorfromothercountriesinEurope.
AmericancultureisapartofSpanishlifenow.It'scertainthatmanythingsfromAmericaareasmuchapartofpeople'slivesasSpanishthings.Forexample,CocaColaisasfamiliartoeverybodyasanytypicalSpanishproduct.I'veknownaboutCocaColaformywholelife.
However,it'sdifferentwithWesternfastfood.Forexample,Idon'tthinkMcDonald'sisassuccessfulinSpainasitisinothercountries.Inmyopinion,oneofthereasonsmaybethelifestyleoftheSpanishpeople,TheSpanishpeoplenormallyeatathome.
Ontheotherhand,maybeMcDonald'shamburgerswilleventuallyreplacethefamousSpanishtapas.It'struethatineverycityinSpainyoucanfindaMcDonald's,anditismorepopularamongtheSpanishchildrenthanamongtheadults.Inanycase,it'sobviousthatAmericancultureisbecomingmoreandmoreapartofourliveseveryday.
(1)Fromthefirstparagraphwecanknowthat .
A. theinfluenceofAmericaonSpaincanbefoundeverywhere.
B. mostSpanishpeopledon'tliketolistentotheirownmusic,
C. fastfoodspreadsfromSpaintotheUnitedStates.
D. someSpanishactorsgotoAmericatoimprovetheiractingskills.
(2)WhatplaysanimportantpartinthespreadingofAme
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