英语英语阅读理解科普环保专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保专项习题及答案解析.docx
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英语英语阅读理解科普环保专项习题及答案解析
【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.
Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.
"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."
ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大胆的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."
ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.
(1)Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?
A. Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.
B. Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.
C. Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.
D. ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.
(2)Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?
A. TheLarsenCiceshelf.
B. ClimatechangeinAntarctica.
C. TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.
D. TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.
(3)WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?
A. ItisasbigasLondon.
B. ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.
C. Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.
D. IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.
(4)Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.
B. TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.
C. Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.
D. By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)D
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。
冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知,科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。
故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会,所以ProfessorDavidVaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会,故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到达一个新发现的在拉森冰架下面隐藏了12万年的的生态系统,可知选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度,世界的海洋到本世纪末平均至少升高60厘米,选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇环境类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.
Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission(传播)ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.
Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority(优先事项).USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic(基因的)codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive(andthereforeharmless)copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.
Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNAbasedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.
(1)Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly, .
A. avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.
B. pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.
C. alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.
D. TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.
(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A. manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.
B. USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.
C. NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.
D. Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.
(3)Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Zikavaccine'worksverywell'inmice
B. Zikavaccinestillhasalongwaytogo
C. InternationalresearchesintoZikahavepaidoff
D. MoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoZikavaccine
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway"可知,但是,即使这些进展顺利,一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间,也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话,短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice"可知,美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒,故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的"Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,"可知,一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭,由此可知,本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.
Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.
Withasmartthermostat(温度自动调节器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.
Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?
Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..
Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.
Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.
(1)Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?
A. Fixanairconditioner.
B. Takeahotbath.
C. Runalot.
D. Putonmoreclothes.
(2)Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?
A. Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.
B. Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.
C. Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.
D. Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafte
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