省略句+练习.docx
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省略句+练习.docx
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省略句+练习
省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)
种类
例句
说明
主语的省略
Beautifulday(=Itisabeautifulday),isn’tit?
Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)
有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语,只保留次要成分。
Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.
--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?
--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)
谓语的省略
--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).
状语从句的省略
Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane),thehouselooksliketinytoys.
If(itis)possible,I’llgotherewithyou.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)
--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
若不定式后面是完成时,省略时应保留have;不定式后含有动词be的结构时,也要保留be动词。
--Didyoutellhimthenews?
--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews),butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.
--Areyouanengineer?
--No,butIwanttobe.
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when,while,till,untill,once所引导的时间状语从句
e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.
When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.
2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.
I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.
Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.
3、though,although,whether,nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.
Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.
Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.(注:
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句
e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.
Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.
(asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作)
1.Don'ttalkwhen/while()eating.
2.When/While()inParis,shepickedupalotofFrench.
3.Hehadanaccidentwhile()onhiswayhome.
4.When/While()waitingthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.
5.When()askedwhyhewaslate,hesaidhemissedtheearlybus.
6.When/While()stillaboy,hebegantosupporthimself.
7.Ican'tdoituntil()toldhow.
8.Sheissoshythatsheneverspeaksfirstuntil()spokento.
9.If()operatedbycomputerinthefuture,manyofthetrains
willhavenodrivers.
10.If()heatedtoahighertemperature,waterwillbeturnedintosteam.
11.Unless()invited,Iwon'tgo.
12.Once()seen,itwillneverbeforgotten.
13.Though()young,heknowsalot.
14.Evenif/Eventhough()invited,hewon'tgo.
15.Theylookedaroundtheroomasif(theywere)lookingforsomething.
16.Heopenedhismouthasif(hewas)tosaysomething.
17.If(itis)possible/necessary,he'llgothere.
18.Theboyswillgoouttoplayfootballwhenever(itis)possible.
19.Heismuchtallerthan(heis)expected.
20.When__,themuseumwillopentothepublicnextyear.
A.completed.B.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
21.Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless_______everyday.
A.wateredB.wateringC.waterD.towater
注:
1.before与after作为介词后可以跟名词或动名词。
2.连词+形容词/其它如:
ifso(如果如此),ifnecessary(如果有必要),ifpossible,whennecessary,ifany(如果有),wheneverpossible.
练习:
1.Whenfirst______tothemarket,thekindofproductdidn’tattractmuchattention.
A.introducedB.introducingC.wasintroducedD.beingintroduced
现就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下:
一、时间状语从句中的省略
When(shewas)veryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.
While(Iwas)atcollege,Ibegantoknowhim,astrangebutablestudent.
Whenarriving,sendmeatelegram.(Whenyouarrive,sendmeatelegram.)Beforeleaving,turnoffallthelights.(Beforeyouleave,turnoffallthelights.)
Don’tcomeinuntil(youare)askedto.
Whenever(itis)possible,youshouldcomeandhelp.
Youshouldletusknowtheresultassoonas(itis)possible.
你应尽快让我们知道结果。
注:
as在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象。
我们不可说
Aswalking,shefoundaniceshiningthingontheground.
二、地点状语从句中的省略
地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构:
where(ver)possible,where(ver)necessary,
Laythesebookswherepossibleyoucanfindthemeasily.
把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。
Putinarticleswherevernecessaryinthefollowingpassages.
在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。
三、条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是:
ifnecessary,ifpossible,iftrue,ifanyone等。
如:
Sendthegoodsnowif(theyare)ready.货物如果准备好了,请送过来。
Hewillcomeif(heis)asked.如果叫他来,他就来。
If(itis)necessary,ringmeathome.如果有可能,朝我家里打电话。
Comealongwithmeif(itis)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧.。
If(itis)true,thiswillcasueusalotoftrouble.
Therearefewpeoplenowadays,if(thereare)any,whorememberhim.
Youshouldstaywhereyouare,unless(youare)askedtoleave.
四、让步状语从句中的省略
Heisagoodman,thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.
Evenif(Iam)invitedto,Iwon’tgotosuchabadlecture.
五、比较状语从句中的省略
Shecanplaythepianojustaswonderfullyasyou(do).
她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。
Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthan(ithasbeen)expected.
她这项工作比预料的提前完成。
六、方式状语从句中的省略
asif/asthough后还可加n./a./ad./介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Heactsasif(hewere)afool.他的行为举止好象是个傻子。
Shetalkedtothestrangerasif(shewere)absent-minded.
她和陌生人谈话似乎很不在意。
Heopenedthedesk,asif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.
他打抽屉仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。
Theboyisrunningimpatientlyhereandthereasif(heis)searchingforsomething
lostonthesportsground.
Thefootballplayerisrollingonthegroundasif(heis)hurtbadlyintheleg.
Hemovedhislipsasif(hewanted)tospeak.他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么
二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:
当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).
Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:
通常省略了itis,thatis,thereis/are。
e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.
If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:
00pm.
Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、if从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)
2、donothingbut,can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.
Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。
但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’mafraid等连用
e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?
–Isupposenot.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。
在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?
--(Iwant)Threecopies,please.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--No,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).
随堂练习:
1、—Lucy,couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?
—____,butIhope"afewminutes"won'tturnintoafewhours.
A.Itdoesn'tmatter B.That'skindofyou C.I'mafraidnot D.Iguessso
3、Thedoctorexpresseshisstrongdesirethatthepatient_____immediately.
A.beoperatedon B.operatedon C.wasoperatedon D.wouldbeoperatedon
4、Whenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad____overtheseatwasgone.
A.lefttohang B.lefthanging C.lefthung D.toleavehanging
5、LiuXiangspokeslowlytotheSpecialOlympiccompetitorssoastohavethem___..
Aunderstandhim B.tobeunderstood C.beunderstood D.tounderstandhim
6、—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinthelibrary?
—Thereareonlyafew,__.
Aifany B.ifhave C.ifsome D.ifhas
8、—DoesBettyknowwhereherviolinis?
—Shesawsomebodywalkingoffwithone,butshedoesn'tknow____.
A.whose B.it C.whom D.which
9、—Aren'tyouthemanager?
—No,andI____.
A.don'twant B.don'twantto C.don'twanttobe D.don't
10、—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?
—Oh,I'msorry.Thingsaren'tgoingsowellas____.
A.plans B.planning C.planned D.toplan
11、—What'sthematterwithyou?
—Ididn'tpassthetest,butIstill____.
A.hopeso B.hopeto C.hopeit D.hopethat
12、Thedoctordidwhathecould___theboy,butinvain.
A.save B.tosave C.saving D.saved
13Youlookhappytoday,Mary. —IlikemynewdressandMother__,too.
A.likes B.does C.is D.do
14、—Whathappenedtotheboy?
Hewasmakingsomuchnoise.
—Hewantedtoplayfootball,buthismotherwarnedhim__
A.not B.to C.notto D./
15、____foryourbrother,IwouldnothavegonetoseeMr.Wang.
A.Ifitisnot B.Wereitnot C.Haditnotbeen D.Iftheywerenot
省略句练习
1.Whenfirst________tothemark
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