国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案.docx
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国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案.docx
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国际贸易实务英文版课后练习参考答案
练习参考答案
Chapter1
流动性过剩excessliquidity
自给自足self-sufficient
经济资源economicresources
直接投资directinvestment
国际收支balanceofpayments
易货交易barter
出口退税exporttaxrebate
倾销dumping
出口型经济增长export-driveneconomicgrowth
东道国hostcountry
贸易差额balanceoftrade
贸易顺差/贸易逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade
欧盟EuropeanUnion
国际收支顺差/国际收支逆差favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments
有形贸易visibletrade
无形贸易invisibletrade
货物贸易tradeingoods
服务贸易tradeinservices
Ⅲ
ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthe
tradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.
Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totalling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.
Ⅳ
1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.
3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.
4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.
5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.
Ⅴ
1.Internationaltrade,isthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
2.Intoday’scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.
Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresouces(land,laborandcapital)thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.
4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanent
propertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestina
foreigncompanyismade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:
FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.
Chapter2
关税壁垒tariffbarriers
非关税壁垒non-tariffbarriers
从量税specificduties
配额quota
保护性关税protectivetariff
市场失灵marketfailure
幼稚产业infantindustry
许可证制度licensingsystem
财政关税revenuetariff
政府采购governmentprocurement
贸易保护主义tradeprotectionism
从价税AdvaloremDuties
最低限价floorprice
本地采购规则“buylocal”rules
增加内需raisedomesticdemand
Domesticcontent国内含量
Red-tapebarriers进口环节壁垒
Exportsusidies出口补贴
Bindingquota绑定配额
Absolutequotas绝对配额
VER自愿出口限制
Tariff-ratequotas关税配额
Zeroquota零配额
“Buylocal”rules本地采购原则
Ⅱ
1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制,以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoftinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中,那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税,旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵,从而使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnited
States,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven”Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.
关税的种类包括从价税,从量税,可变税与复合税。
在美国,只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格,从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后,税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
Ⅲ
1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.
2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.
3.Toexportgoodsatanunrea
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