Highschool.docx
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Highschool.docx
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Highschool
Highschool
Highschoolisthenameusedinsomepartsoftheworld(inparticularScotland,NorthAmericaandAustralia)todescribeaninstitutionwhichprovidesallorpartofsecondaryeducation.ThetermoriginatedinScotlandandspreadtotheNewWorldcountriesasthehighprestigethattheScottisheducationalsystemhadatthetimeledseveralcountriestoemployScottisheducatorstodeveloptheirstateeducationsystems.[citationneeded]Theprecisestageofschoolingprovidedbyahighschooldiffersfromcountrytocountry,andmayvarywithinthesamejurisdiction.InallofNewZealandandpartsofAustraliaandCanada,highschoolissynonymouswithsecondaryschool,andencompassestheentiresecondarystageofeducation.Highschoolcanalsobethepointinlifeformanystudentswheretheymatureanddevelopadeepersenseofunderstandingaboutthemselvesandthepeoplearoundthem.Alternatively,somestudentswillundergothistransitionalstagelateroninlifewhentheyentercollegeoruniversity,althoughthisisusuallyacontinuedprogressionthatoriginatesinhighschool.
Brazil
InBrazil,highschoolisofficiallycalled"EnsinoMédio"andisalsoinformallyknownas"Colegial"or"SegundoGrau".Itisthelastphasetobasiceducation.Brazilianhighschoollasts3years,attemptingtodeepenwhatstudentslearninelementaryschoolandjuniorhigh.ABrazilianhighschoolstudentisreferencedbytheiryear-1st,2ndand3rdyears.
Unlikesomecountries,Brazilianstudentsdon'thaveafinaltesttoconcludestudies.Theirapprovaldependsonlyontheirfinalgradeoneachsubject.Eachuniversityelaboratesitsowntesttoselectnewstudents-thistest,the"vestibular",generallyhappensonceayear.Enem,anon-mandatorynationalexam,evaluateshighschoolstudentsinBrazilandisusedtorankbothprivateandpublicschools.
ThebestscoresinvestibularandinEnemandthebestuniversitiesareconcentratedontheSouthernregionofthecountry,mainlyinthestatesofSãoPaulo,RiodeJaneiro,MinasGerais,EspíritoSanto,RioGrandedoSul,SantaCatarinaandParaná,andintheFederalDistrict.Thelackoffundsandhistoricalandsocialproblemscontributetopoorattendancefromthestudents,especiallythoseinpublicschools.Nevertheless,somearenationalmodels,suchastheColégioPedroII,namedafterthe19thcenturyemperor.
Privateestablishments,ontheotherhand,mayberecognizedasacademicallyexcellentormerelyasinvestmentsinsocialnetworking.Schedulesvaryfromschooltoschool.Thesubjectstaught,however,areconceivedbytheMinistériodaEducação(MinistryofEducation)whichemphasisesthehardsciences.
TheeducationalyearbeginsinFebruaryandfinishesinDecember;institutionsarepermittedtodefinetheirownactualstartandenddates.Theymust,however,provide200daysofclasses.
Universitiesarealsodividedintopublicandprivate.Atthislevel,publiconesareconsideredexcellentandtheirvestibularexamisverycompetitive(theexamformedschoolinUNICAMPmayhit300candidatesperplace).Forbetterpreparation,therefore,manystudentstakea"cursopré-vestibular"(universityprep.course).Thelargerprivatehighschoolsofferthiscourse.
CzechRepublic
TheCzechschoolsystemis,duetohistoricreasons,almostsameasTheGermanschoolsystem.Theschoolsystemisfreeandmandatorytoage16.AftertheZákladníškola(ElementarySchool)inageof16,studentsaredirectedtothreedifferentoptionalsecondaryeducationschools:
∙Středníodbornéučiliště(SOU)-designedforstudentsgoingintoatrade(e.g.,carpentry,masonry,auto-mechanicetc.)Educationis3yearslongandentranceexamfree,combinedwithpractice(oneweekstudyinschool/oneweekpracticeinfactory,bakery,buildingsite...etc.),finishedwithacertificate.
∙Středníodbornáškola(SOŠ)-designedforstudentsgoingintoaprofession(accountant,technician,kindergartenteacher..)andfinisheswithmaturitaasexitexam.Theleavingexamconsistof2compulsoryand2optionalsubjects.CompulsorysubjectsareCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalonesdependonthetypeofschool(mathematics,physics,accounting,etc.)Thestudyis4yearslongandyouneedtopassanentranceexam(CzechLanguageandMathematicsorPhysics,varieswiththetypeofschool)
∙Gymnasium(Gym)-designedforstudentsgoingtouniversity/collegeandfinisheswithamaturitaexam.Alsowith2mandatorysubjectsCzechlanguageandWorldLiteratureandoneotherlanguage.Optionalsubjectsvary,usuallybetweenhumanisticandscience.Thestudyis4,6or8yearslong.Incaseof6(8)yearsone,thepupilsfinishelementaryschooltwo(four)yearsearlierandthistwo(four)yearshasharderstudyingprogrammeonGymnasium.Therearealsoentryexamstoalltheseprogrammes.
ThematuritaisrequiredforstudyinUniversity.TheAbiturfromGymnasiumisbetterforHumanisticpointedUniversityandSOŠAbiturisbetterforTechnicalpointeduniversity.
EnglandandWales
Despiteoriginatingtheterm"highschool",itisnotusedwidelyinEnglandorWales(somesecondaryschoolscallthemselveshighschools).
SecondaryschoolsinthestatesectorintheUKgenerallycaterforchildrenbetweentheagesof11and16or18.Until2009,educationwascompulsoryonlyupuntiltheageof16,thoughmanystudentscontinuedtostayonatschooluntiltheageof18.However,theEducationandSkillsAct2008dictatesthatchildrenmustnowremaininsecondaryeducationuntiltheageof17,from2013,movingto18from2015.Thefirsttobeaffectedbythechangeswillbethosechildrenturning11in2009.Mostsecondaryschoolshavetheirownsixthformsforyears12and13(ages16to18),butinsomeareasstudentscontinuetheireducationatadedicatedsixthformcollege.Intheprivatesectorpupilsoftentransfertothefinalstageofeducationatage13.IntheUKschoolyearsrunfromSeptember1sttoAugust31st.Thetermhighschoolisusedspecificallyinsomecountiesasfollows:
∙InLeicestershire,thelabel"highschool"appliestoasmallgroupofmiddleschools,whichacceptpupilsbetweentheagesof10and14,beforemovingontotheirfinalstageofsecondaryeducation.
∙InLiverpoolanditssurroundingareasecondaryschoolsarenamedhighschools(egBroadgreenHighSchool)
∙MostsecondaryschoolsinManchesterarenamedhighschools(seelistofsecondaryschoolsinManchester)
∙InHerefordshire,manystatesecondaryschoolsnamethemselveshighschools.
∙InKentandotherEnglishcountieswhichstillretaintheirgrammarschools,theirnon-selectivecomprehensiveschoolsareoftencalledhighschools.
∙TheIsleofWightretainsathree-tierschoolingsystem.Itsfivestate-run'HighSchools'aresonamedtodifferentiatethemfromsecondaryschools,whichhaveadifferentagerange.
∙InNorthumberlandandsomeareasinSuffolk,SomersetandStaffordshiretherestillexistsathree-tiereducationsystemcomprisingofFirst,MiddleandHighschool.HighSchoolswithinNorthumberlandandSuffolkcaterforpupilsfromYear9toSixthForm(ages13to18).Thereiscurrentlyafairlyhigh-profilecampaignwithinNorthumberlandtosavethethree-tiersystemasithasbeenproposedtoabolishitandadoptthestandardPrimaryandSecondaryschoolsystemasintherestofEngland.
Finland
TheFinnisheducationsystemisacomparativelyegalitarianNordicsystem.Thismeansforexamplenotuitionfeesforfull-timestudentsandfreemealsareservedtopupils.Thereareprivateschoolsbuttheyaremadeunattractivebylegislation.
Thesecondleveleducationisnotcompulsory,butanoverwhelmingmajorityattends.Thereisachoicebetweenuppersecondaryschool(lukio,gymnasiuminSwedish)andvocationalschool(ammatillinenoppilaitos,yrkesinstitut).
Uppersecondaryschool,unlikevocationalschool,concludeswithanationallygradedmatriculationexamination(ylioppilaskoe,studentexamen).Passingthetestisadefactoprerequisiteforfurthereducation.Thesystemisdesignedsothatapproximatelythelowestscoring5%failsineachexamandalso5%getthebestgrade.Theexamallowsforalimiteddegreeofspecializationineithernaturalsciencesorsocialsciences.Thegraduationisanimportantandformalfamilyevent,likechristening,wedding,andfuneral.
IntheOECD'sinternationalassessmentofstudentperformance,PISA,Finlandhasconsistentlybeenamongthehighestscorersworldwide;in2003,Finnish15-year-oldscamefirstinreadingliteracy,science,andmathematics;andsecondinproblemsolving,worldwide.TheWorldEconomicForumranksFinland'stertiaryeducation#1intheworld.
France
InFrance,schooliscompulsoryfromsixtosixteenyearsold.Fromnurseryschooltohighereducation,familieshavetheoptionofsendingtheirchildrentofreeandcoeducationalpublicschools,ortopayforprivateones.
TheFrenchschoolsystemIfyouchooseastate-runschoolforyourchild,youmustchooseoneinyourneighborhood.Thelocalcityhall(mairie)willtellyouwhatyouroptionsare.
Fromtheageof2or3childrencanattendthelocalkindergarten(maternelle),whichisstaterunandadministeredbythelocalauthorities.
Germany
TheGermanschoolsystemisfreeandmandatorytoage18.AftertheGrundschule(ElementarySchool,4years),studentsaresuggestedtothreedifferentsecondaryeducationschools,onwhichtheyhavethefinalsayabout;aforthtypeisaccompanyinganapprenticeshipstudentshavetodecideoniftheyhaven'treachedtheageof18(usuallywhenhavingdecidedforHauptschuleorRealschule,previously):
∙Hauptschule-designedforstudentsgoingintoatrade(e.g.,carpentry,masonry,etc.)andisfinished
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