高中英语名词性从句详解.docx
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高中英语名词性从句详解.docx
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高中英语名词性从句详解
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
概说引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:
that,whether/if(是否),asif/asthough(似乎,好像)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever
连接副词:
when,wheneverwhere,wherever;how,however;why
由how构成的词组:
howmany,howmuch,howsoon,
howoften,howfar,howlong,howtall,howhigh等.
主语从句
主语从句在句中做主语,例如:
Whythecompanydeniedthecontractisstillunknown.
Whenandwherethegovernmentwillbuildacitysquareisunderdiscussion.
Itisprettyannoyingthatasmallpartofthemachineismissing.
Itremainstobeseenwhetherthenewnovelwillbewellreceived.
注意连接代词whoever,whatever,whichever等引导主语从句的含义
Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.(whoever=anyonewho)来的人将受到欢迎。
Whateverhedidwasright.(whatever=thethingthat)他所做的事情是正确的。
Whicheverofyoucomesinwillreceiveaprize.(whichever=anyoneofyouwho)
主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。
常以it作形式主语的句型有:
A.It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,(un)likely,(im)possible,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
eg:
Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.
Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.
B.It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonour,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,awonderetc.)+that从句。
eg:
It’sapitythatwecan’tgo.
It’snosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.
C.It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,believed,decided,known,announced,arranged,suggested,orderedetc.)+that从句。
eg:
ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.
ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madeearthsatelliteintoorbit.
D.It+不及物动词及短语(appear,seem,turnout,happen,occur,come,strike,follow,matteretc.)+that从句。
eg:
ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Alice似乎不来参加晚会。
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧我那天外出了。
E.It+doesn’tmatter(makesnodifference,etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。
如:
Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.。
Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.
随堂练习:
1.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?
A.thisB.thatC.heD.it
2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for
3._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It
4._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?
A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have
5.Itmatterslittle_______amandies,but_______mattersmuchis_______helives.
A.how;what;howB.how;it;how
C.why;it;whyD.that;what;that
6._______shecouldn'tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.
A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that
7.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how
8._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which
9.---Whatmadeherparentssoangry?
---_______shehadfailedintheexamination.
A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That
11.---Doyouremember_______hecame?
---Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
12.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever
13.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
---Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
14.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?
A.whereB.whatC.howD.which
课后巩固:
1.______theyaremostinterestedinishowtheycanproducemoreandbettercars.
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhatD.That
2.______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever
4.______surprisedmemostwasthatsuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell..
A.ThatB.WhatC.ThatD.What
5.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
A.If…doB.That…doC.If…doesD.That…does
6._______didhetellhiswifethathewishedtodo
A.ThatB.WhatC.WhereD.Which
7.It________Bobdrivesbadly.
A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat
8.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how
9.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which
10.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanthatwehave.
A.WhatB.WhatC.ThatD.That
11.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether
12.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
A.If.B.WhetherC.ThatD.Where
13.________hereallymeansisthathedisagreeswithus.
A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.If
14._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who
15._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That
16._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.
A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What
17._______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.
A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This
18._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether
19._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody
20._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How
宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作宾语
Hetoldthepoliceindetailwhathesawandheard.
Nobodyissurewhathumanswilllooklikeinamillionyears.
Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.
It做形式宾语的句型:
think/believe/make/find/consider/feel+it+n/adj+that从句
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.
注意:
1.宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末,而用it做形式宾语放在前面,如:
Theexperimentmakesitclearthatairhaspressure.
WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.
2宾语从句可做某些介词的宾语,如:
Heispleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday.
Myfatheralwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.
注意:
连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in后。
其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。
如:
Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.
IcouldsaynothingbutthatIwassorry.
Hedifferentfromotherpeopleinthathealwayslookedfartheraheadinhiswork.
3.宾语从句可做某些作表语用的形容词的宾语,如:
IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.
I’mafraidyoudon’tunderstandwhatIsaid.
I’msurprisedthatIdidn’tseeallthatbefore.
Motherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexams.
4.如果主句的谓语是过去时,宾语从句的时态应按“时态呼应”规则调整成“过去”范畴的相应时态。
如:
HesaidthathewouldflytoEgyptthenextday.
Sherememberedthatshehadleftherumbrellainthelibrary.
注:
但若宾语从句表示是的客观真理或普遍现象,从句仍可保持“现在”范畴时态,不可“呼应”调整。
如:
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound。
随堂练习:
1.—IflewtoNewYorkforthetalkshowonTVlastweek.
—Isthat______youhadafewdaysoff?
A.why B.when C.what D.where
2.Iaskher_____comewithme.
A.ifshewill B.ifwillshe
C.whetherwillshe D.willshe
3.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.
A.who B.whoever C.whom D.whomever
4.Canyoutellme________?
A.whoisthatgentlemanis B.thatgentlemaniswho
C.whothatgentlemanis D.whomisthatgentleman
5.Canyoutellme________therailwaystation?
A.howIcangetto B.whatcanIgetto
C.whereIcangotto D.wherecanIgetto
6.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild________heorshewants.
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
7.Doyouknow________?
A.whatishisname B.howishisname
C.whathisnameis D.howhisnameis
8.Goandgetyourcoat.It's________youleftit.
A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere
9.Iwonderhowmuch________.
A.doesthewatchcost B.didthewatchcost
C.thewatchcosted D.thewatchcosts
10.Itwas_____hesaid_____disappointedme.
A.what;that B.that;that
C.what;what D.that;what
11."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity?
""Idon'tknow_______."
A.fromwhatcitydoesshecomefrom
B.fromwhatcityshecome
C.whatcitydoesshecomefrom
D.whatcityshecomesfrom
12.Henrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.
A.didhedothat B.hedidthat
C.hedid D.hehasdoneso
13.HaveyouseenHenrylately?
Mybosswantstoknow________.
A.howheisgettingalong
B.howishegettingalong
C.whatheisgettingalong
D.whatishegettingalong
14.Iamsure________hesaidistrue.
A.that B.aboutthat C.ofthat D.thatwhat
15.Youcan’timagine________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited
16.Whytheexplosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.
A.for B.because C.since D.that
17.Wegavehim________helpwecouldoffer.
A.which B.whatever C.that D.this
18.Excusemewouldyoupleasetellme________?
A.whenthesportsmeetistakenplace
B.whenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
C.whenisthesportsmeettobegin
D.whenthesportsmeetistotakeplace
19.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.howyouhaveobserved
B.howwhatyouhaveobserved
C.thatyouhaveobserved
D.howthatyouhaveobserved
20.Wheredoyouthink________?
A.hashegone B.hashebeen C.he'sgone D.washe
课后巩固:
1.Canyousee________?
A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading
C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat
2.DoesJackcomefromJ
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