高中英语Module 8 Unit 2 Grmmar 省略 教学案选修八.docx
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高中英语Module 8 Unit 2 Grmmar 省略 教学案选修八.docx
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高中英语Module8Unit2Grmmar省略教学案选修八
Module8Unit2Grammar省略教学案
在英语中,有时为了言简意赅,突出关键词语;有时为了避免重复;有时因为语法的客观要求,句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来,这种现象称为省略。
英语中的省略的原则既不破坏语法结构,同时又不能产生歧义(要保持句子意义的准确无误)。
英语的省略大致有以下几种情况:
1.不使用替代词的省略
(1)省略主语Ihavedonemorethan(what)isrequired.(You)Openthedoorforme,please.
(2)省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分Why(do)not(you)saygoodbyetoyourlovelycousin?
(Areyou)Ready?
Trytoanswerthesequestionsinyourownwords.
(3)省略宾语---Whichofthemisbetter?
---Well,itishardtotell(whichofthemisbetter).
(4)省略表语---Areyouhungry?
---Yes,Iam(hungry).
(5)省略所有格后面的名词
Jackandhissisterstayedinhisuncle’s(home)duringthesummervacation.
Thegirl’shandwritingismuchbetterthanhisbrother’s(handwriting).
(6)在限定性定语从句中
作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom可以省略;在以thesame...as和such...as引导的定语从句中,可以省略与主句相同的部分;theway后面的定语从句中,可以省略that,inwhich;在含被动语态的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,可以省略关系代词和be,省略之后,变成过去分词短语作定语。
如:
Thebook(that)heboughtlastweekiswrittenbyGuoJingming.
Hereisthewonderfulbook(which)Ihavereadmanytimes.
Theman(whom)youhadsaidhellotowasmyEnglishteacher.
(7)不定式中的省略
a英语中为避免重复,经常省略上下文已提到的动词原形,只保留不定式中的小品词to;这类动词有:
expect,forget,hope,intend,mean,prefer,refuse,try,want,wish,wouldlike和love等。
如:
Sheaskedmetodancewithher,butIdidn’twantto(dancewithher).
---DoyouwanttogiveusalectureabouthowtouseanEnglishdictionary?
---No,Iprefernotto(givealectureabouthowtouseanEnglishdictionary)
b在haveto,need,oughtto,begoingto,usedto等后省略动词。
如:
Ireallydidn’twanttogotherewithhim,butIhadto(gotherewithhim).
c不定式在happy,glad,eager,ready,willing等形容词后面作状语时,可以省略,但要保留不定式符号to。
如:
---Willyoujoininourdiscussion?
---I’llbegladto(joininyourdiscussion).
d如果不定式中带有be,have,havebeen等,通常保留be,have,havebeen。
如:
---Didhepassthedrivingtest?
---No,butheoughttohave(passedthedrivingtest).
f介词but后的不定式和作表语的不定式,它们前面出现了行为动词do的任何形式;在and或or并列的第二个不定式中不能带to。
Inverycoldweather,thehibernating(冬眠)animalshadnochoicebuttoliedowntosleep.
Hecoulddonothingbutwait.
2.使用替代词的省略
(1)通常情况下,在省略了某个词、短语或句子时,还需要用某个替代词。
常用的替代词有:
do/does/did,so,not,neither,nor和thesame等。
用助动词do/does/did来替代上下文出现的动词,以免重复。
如:
ShespeaksEnglishmorefluentlythanhereldersisterdoes.
(2)用so可替代单词、短语或句子(用于肯定)not用于否定,宾语从句可以省略,作believe,beafraid,expect,do,fear,hope,suppose,say,think等的宾语。
如:
---Willitbefinetomorrow?
---Ihopeso.(Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.)
3.常见的省略结构
(1)在虚拟条件句中,当助动词为were,had,should等时,连词if可省略,但were,had和should等需要倒装到主语的前面。
如:
HadIhadtime,Iwouldhavegoneshoppingwithyou.
WereIyou,Iwouldgothereandhelphim.
Shouldtheteacherhavetimenextweek,hewouldcometotheparty.
(2)如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语部分有be动词,状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”,则可以将状语从句中的“主语+be动词”一起省略,引导这类主语从句的连词有:
由when,while,as,once,whenever引导的时间状语从句;或由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,eventhough引导的让步状语从句;由asthough,asif,as引导的方式状语从句;由because引导的原因状语从句;由wherever引导的地点状语从句,等。
如:
Ifinvited,Iwillgotohisparty.(Ifinvited=IfIaminvited.)
Thoughyoung,heknowsalotofthings.(Thoughyoung=Thoughheisyoung)
Theoldwomanwasknockeddownwhile(shewas)crossingthestreet.
Thelittlegirlbegantocrywhen(shewas)askedbythepolice.
有些状语从句中,如果从句的主语是it,其后的be动词及其主语可以一起省略。
这种结构通常为ifitispossible,whenitisnecessary等。
:
如:
Whenpossible,Mr.LiwillaskussomequestionsinEnglish.(Whenpossible=Whenitispossible)
Pleasetrytofinishyourhomeworkbyyourselfif(itis)possible.
We’llhavetheoldhousepulleddownwhen(itis)necessary.
(3)在作状语的独立主格结构中,分词短语往往可以部分被省略。
如:
Thework(havingbeen)done,thesecretarylefttheofficeandwenthome.
Theweather(being)fine,wedecidedtogoonapicniconthebeach.
(4)由and连接的that引导的两个从句,第二个that不能省略。
如:
Theteachertoldme(that)IhadpassedthedrivingtestandthatIcouldhavearestthenextday.
【考考你】一、单项填空
1.--Doyouthinkitwillsnowtomorrow?
--_______.
A.Idon’tthinkB.No,Idon’tthinkC.Idon’tthinksoD.No,Idon’t
2.–Willyougohometomorrowevening?
--No.Iamgoingtoalecture,oratleast,Iamplanning_____.
A.itB.onC.soD.to
3.Edwardbecameagoodfootballplayer_____incollege.
A.whenB.becauseC.assoonasD.eventhough
4.____green,thedoormightlookmorebeautiful.
A.YoupaintedB.IfpaintedC.TopaintD.Haveitpainted
5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut____hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
6.---Youshouldhavegiventhemsomeadvice.--_______.ButwhocarewhatIoffered?
A.SoitwasB.SoIshouldC.SoIdidD.Soshouldyou
7.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodhereisterrible!
--_____.
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI
8.—Wouldyouliketohavesomecakes?
--thankyou._________.
A.I’dliketoB.I’dliketohaveC.I’mfullD.I’dbettertohome
9.Theteachertoldustoremainsilentunless________.
A.tobeaskedB.beingaskedC.askedD.youasked
10.—(askingapatient)________?
--Muchbetter.
A.AreyoufeelingbettertodayB.Bettertoday
C.HowareyoufeelingtodayD.Aboveall
11.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
--Imeant_____,butIcouldn’tfindhereanywherewhenIwasleaving.
A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso
12._________itsnowtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
13.I______andwillneverasksuvhasillyquestion.
A.haveneverB.neverC.haveaskedD.haveneverasked
14.-DidJanepickupsomeRussianwhenshewasonbusinessabroad?
--Iimagine_____.
A.thatB.shewasC.soD.it
15.Sheopenedhermouthasif_____somethingimportant.
A.sayingB.tosayC.havingsaidD.tohavesaid
16.—Shemustlooklikeaveryprettygirl.--Yes,Iimagine_____.
A.toB.thatC.itD.so
17.---Everyonesaysyouareagoodemployee.Younevermakeamistake,doyou?
---_______.
A.Yes,neverB.Yes,sometimesC.No,sometimesD.Oh,really
18.Oneofthesidesofthepapershouldbepaintedyellow,and______.
A.theotheriswhiteB.anotherwhiteC.theotherwhiteD.anotheriswhite
19.--Whohasbeenplanningthesummercamp?
--Everyoneintheclass________.
A.isB.haveC.hasD.are
20.—She’snotanEnglishteacher,isshe?
--_________________.
A.Yes,andsheisn’tB.Yes,butshewasC.No,butsheisn’tD.No,butshewas
21.Iftheweatherisfine,I’llwashmyclothes.If_____,______.
A.not;notB.no;noC.not;noD.no;not
22.Johnplaysfootball______,ifnotbetterthan,David.
A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowellD.sowellas
23.—Maryisnotcomingtonight.--Butshe______.
A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised
24.—Haveyoufoundthedog?
--_________.
A.IamB.I’mC.I’mjustgoingtoD.I’mjustgoing
25.Thetwinsaredifferentinappearancebut_____incharacteristics.
A.notB.noC.aren’tD.don’t.
26.When____,thebuildingwillbeusedasaschoolforchildrenfrompoorfamilies.
A.completedB.completingC.tobecompletedD.iscompleting
27.InourclassMary’sEnglishisbetterthan______.
A.anybodyelseB.anybody’sEnglishC.anybodyelse’D.anybodyelse’s
28.--Doesyourbrotherintendstolearntosingthissong?
--Yes,heintends______.
A.soB.toC.thatD.it
29.Wemustkeepthefactory______poisonousgasesintoair.
A.sendingB.tosendC.fromsendingD.send
30.--Susan,goon.Yoursisteriscleaningtheyard.--Why____?
Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.
A.himB.heC.ID.me
二、将下列句子改写为省略句
1.
三.看看省略了什么,写出完整的句子。
1.Begyourpardon.
2.Soundslikeawonderfulidea.
3.Nowonderhecanplaycomputersowell.
4.Thisway,please.
5.Anymorequestions?
6.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolongatime.
7.GoingtoScienceMuseumwithmethisafternoon?
8.Gottogonow.
Youcomethisway,please.
2.Ibegyourpardon.
3.SheworksharderatEnglishthanIwork.
4.Isthereanybodyyouwanttosee?
5.Whydon’tyougopicnicwithusinthemountain?
6.Youmaygowithusifyouwanttogo.
7.Marylikesreadingbetterthanshelikesgoingfishing.
8.Whatapityitisyoucan’tcomewithus!
9.IwillgotothepartyunlessIaminvited.
10.Unlessitisnecessary,you’dbetternotrefertothedictionary.
11.Getupearlytomorrow.Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillmissthefirstbus.
12.--Ididn’tgotoseeourformerteacherwhileIwasinShanghai.
--ButIthinkyoushouldhavegonetoseehim.
四.单句改错
1.Whynotaskingmeaboutit?
2.HowaboutgotoShenzhenforourholidays?
3.Thoughtiring,hekeptonworking.
4.Whenfirstintroducingtothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.
5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnottodo.
6.Ifgivingthesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.
7.–Youshouldhaveseenheroffattheairportyesterday.
--Imeanttodo,butIhadtoattendanimportantconference.
8.--Didyouenjoytheperformancelastnight?
--Yes,Idoenjoyit.
9.Iaskedhimtoseethefilm,buthedidn’twanttosee.
10.–Didhetellyouthatthemeetingwasputoff?
--No,butheoughtto.
11.Afterkilled,hewasthrownawayintotheriver.
12.Idon’tknowwhetherhehaspassedtheexam.Ifisso,I’llbeveryglad.
答案:
一.1----5CDABA6----10CBCCD11---15BBDCB16---20DBCCD21---25ABBCA26—30ADBCD解析:
26.如果状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,状语从句的结构是“从属连词+主语+be动词+其它结构”,状语从句中的“主语+be动词”可省略。
27.anybodyelse’s等于anybodyelse’sEnglish,避免重复。
28.省略和前文相同的动词短语。
29.keepsbdoing和keepsbfromdoing是完全不同的结构,不能乱省。
30.作主语的人称代词I在省略了全部谓语或谓语动词时用宾格形式。
二.1.Thisway,please.2.Pardon.3.SheworksharderatEnglishthanI4.Anybodyyouwanttosee?
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