全套考研英语二真题和答案解析详解.docx

全套考研英语二真题和答案解析详解.docx

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全套考研英语二真题和答案解析详解

2021年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语

（二）试题

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

　　Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

　　Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

　　Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

　　1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

　　2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

　　3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

　　4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

　　5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

　　6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof

　　7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

　　8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

　　9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

　　10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

　　11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

　　12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

　　13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

　　14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

　　15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

　　16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

　　17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

　　18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

　　19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

　　20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Whatwouldyoudowith590m?

ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

　　Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

　　Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

　　Readersof“HappyMoney〞areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。

　　21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

　　[A]Abighouse

　　[B]Aspecialtour

　　[C]Astylishcar

　　[D]Arichmeal

　　22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis

　　[A]critical

　　[B]supportive

　　[C]sympathetic

　　[D]ambiguous

　　23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat

　　[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

　　[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

　　[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

　　[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

　　24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney

　　[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

　　[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

　　[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

　　[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

　　25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto

　　[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

　　[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

　　[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

　　[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

　　AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect〞,or“illusorysuperiority〞,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

　　Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

　　PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselves’fromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberation〞.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust（thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion〞,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,〞buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.

　　26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat______.

　　[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

　　[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

　　[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

　　[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

　　27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______

　　[A]rapidwatching

　　[B]consciouschoice

　　[C]intuitiveresponse

　　[D]automaticself-defence

　　28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______

　　[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

　　[B]believeintheirattractiveness

　　[C]coveruptheirdepressions

　　[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

　　29.Theword“Visce