Reading and ThinkingComprehending.docx
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Reading and ThinkingComprehending.docx
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ReadingandThinkingComprehending
类文赏读 话题导入
TheValueofScience
WhatisthevalueofthescienceIhadlongdevotedmyselfto—thethingIhadloved—whenIsawwhatterriblethingsitcoulddo?
Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:
scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.Ofcourse,ifwemakegoodthings,itisnotonlytothecredit1ofscience;itisalsotothecreditofthemoralchoicewhichledustogoodwork.Scientificknowledgeisanenablingpowertodoeithergoodorbad—butitdoesnotcarryinstructionsonhowtoapplyit.Suchpowerhasobviousvalue—eventhoughthepowermaybenegatedbywhatonedoeswithit.
Anothervalueofscienceistheintellectual2enjoymentitcanprovideuswith.Whenwelookatanyquestiondeeplyenough,wefeeltheexcitementandmysterycomingtousagainandagain.Withmoreknowledgecomesadeeper,morewonderfulmystery,inspiringonetolookdeeperstill.Neverconcernedthattheanswermayletusdown3,withpleasureandconfidenceweturnovereachnewstonetofindunimaginedstrangenessleadingontomorewonderfulquestionsandmysteries.
Iwouldnowliketoturntoathirdvaluethatsciencehas.Thescientisthasalotofexperiencewithignorance4anddoubtanduncertainty,andthisexperienceisofverygreatimportance.Whenhehasanideaasto5whattheresultis,heisuncertain.Andwhenheisprettysureofwhattheresultisgoingtobe,heisstillinsomedoubt.
Now,wescientiststakeitforgranted6thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.Butourfreedomtodoubtwasbornoutofadeepandstrongstruggleagainstauthority7intheearlydaysofscience.Inordertoprogress,wemustnotforgettheimportanceofthisstruggle;wemustrecognizeourignoranceandleaveroomfordoubt.Permitustoquestion—todoubt—tonotbesure.
Itisourresponsibilityasscientists,knowingthegreatprogressthatisthefruitoffreedomofthought,todeclare8thevalueofthisfreedom;toteachhowdoubtisnottobefearedbuttobewelcomedanddiscussed;andtodemandthisfreedomasourdutytoallcominggenerations.
(节选自译林版新教材必修第三册Unit4)
1.credit/'kredIt/n.赞扬,认可;信用
2.intellectual/ˌIntə'lektʃuəl/adj.脑力的;有才智的,智力发达的n.知识分子,脑力劳动者
3.letsb.down使某人失望
4.ignorance/'Iɡnərəns/n.无知
5.asto关于;至于
6.takeitforgranted/'ɡrɑːntId/想当然地认为;认为……是理所当然
7.authority/ɔː'θɒrəti/n.权威,权力;官方
8.declare/dI'kleə(r)/vt.宣称;宣布;申报
1.Thefirstwayinwhichscienceisofvalueisfamiliartoeveryone:
scientificknowledgeenablesustodoandmakeallkindsofthings.
科学有价值的第一种方式为每个人所熟悉:
科学知识使我们能够做各种事并创造各种各样的东西。
[句式分析] 此句中含有inwhich引导的定语从句,修饰先行词thefirstway;enablesb.todosth.使某人能够做某事。
2.Now,wescientiststakeitforgrantedthatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow.
现在,我们科学家理所当然地认为,人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。
[句式分析] 此句中第一个it是形式宾语,从句thatitisperfectlypossibletoliveandnotknow是真正的宾语。
PeriodOne ReadingandThinking—Comprehending
LearningAims(学习目标)
1.Learnsomenewwords.
2.Graspthegeneralideaofthepassage.(重点难点)
3.Learnsomeimportantsentences.(重点难点)
阅读下列课文原句,写出黑体词汇的汉语意思
1.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.最终地;彻底地
2.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.感染细菌;病菌同意;赞同
3.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).数量多的
4.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.怀疑把……归咎于
5.ThroughSnow’stirelessefforts,watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease.大量的减少
6.Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.统计数字使改观
Task1 宏观架构 整体理解
Ⅰ.Readthepassagequicklyandthenfillintheblanks.
Ⅱ.ThemainideaofthepassageisthatJohnSnowdidsomescientificresearchandhelpedtodefeat“KingCholera”.
Task2 微观剖析 细节把握
1.WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein?
A.Badaircausedthedisease.
B.Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.
C.Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.
D.Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.
答案 B
2.WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow’sdiscovery?
A.Thegovernment.
B.ThewomanwhohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet.
C.Thewatercompany.
D.Themapmadebyhimself.
答案 D
3.Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby.
A.usingmedicinesinhospital
B.drivingpatientsoutofthecountry
C.dealingwiththepollutedwater
D.gettingridofallkindsofpollution
答案 C
4.WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence?
A.Choleragermsmultipliedinthewater.
B.Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.
C.Acloudofdangerousgascausedcholera.
D.Choleracouldneverbecontrolledeventhoughitscausewasfound.
答案 B
5.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?
A.Anewspaper.B.Amedicalreport.
C.Abookreview.D.ATVinterview.
答案 A
Task3 文本理解 美句欣赏
1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestodescribethemoodofsadness.(细读短文并找出描写悲伤心理的句子)
Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.
2.Readthepassagecarefullyandfindthesentencestoshowdetermination.(细读短文并找出表达决心的句子)
(1)Heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.
(2)Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.
Task4 读后升华 思维品质
Ⅰ.Afterreadingthepassage,pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.
Intheearly19thcentury,1.whenaseverecholerahitEurope,JohnSnowbecame2.frustrated(frustrate)becausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.3.Butheneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera4.wascaused(cause)byan5.infection(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby6.marking(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As7.aresult,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater8.carried(carry)choleragerms.9.Accordingly(according),hehadthehandleofthepump10.removed(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.
Ⅱ.Discussion
HowhasJohnSnow’sworkaffectedourdailylives?
Snow’sworkhasprovidedreadilyavailablecleanwatertodrink,forexample,aswellasanemphasisonhygienesuchastheneedtowashhandsaftertheybecomedirty.Healsoshowedhowtopreventcholeraepidemics,andtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases,whichhasallowedformoreprotectionfromoncecommondiseasessuchascholera.
译文:
他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重,十天之内就有500多人死亡。
译文:
事实是宽街水泵抽上来的水已经被废弃物污染了。
译文:
一些公司出售的水来自被未经处理的废物污染的泰晤士河。
课时跟踪练一
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
DearEditor,
Pleasepublishmorearticlesaboutwomenscientists.Womenscientistshavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworld.Thesewomenmakeexcellentrolemodels.MoreyoungwomenmaychoosescienceasaprofessionifwomenreadfeaturedarticlesonfemalescientistslikeMarieCurieandRachelCarson.Bothwomenwereencouragedtostudyscience,andtheybothaccomplishedgreatthings.
Withherfather’sencouragement,MarieCuriemadetheworldabetterplacethroughherscientificaccomplishments.Shestudiedtheemission(放射)ofraysfromuranium(铀),afeatureshecalled“radioactivity(放射性)”.Later,Curieandherhusband,alsoascientist,processedthemineralpitchblendebeforeseparatingtworadioactiveelements(元素).Withthisdiscovery,MarieCurieearnedherdoctorate,andshortlythereafter,bothsheandherhusbandwereawardedthe1903NobelPrizeinphysics.In1911MarieCuriewontheNobelPrizeinchemistryforherworkwiththenewlydiscoveredelements;thisworklaidthefoundationforX-raysandatomicphysics.
WhenRachelCarsonwasyoung,hermotherencouragedhertostudynature.Asanadult,shebecameknownasthemotherofthemodernenvironmentalmovement.Afterstudyingmarinebiologyandzoologyincollege,Carsonworkedasagovernmentscientistandwroteseveralbooksonhowalllivingthingsrelatetoeachother.In1951herbookTheSeaAroundUsmadescientificknowledgeabouttheseaaccessibletothegeneralreaderandremainedonthebest-sellerlistforeighty-sixweeks.In1962CarsonwroteSilentSpring,abookthathelpedleadtoimprovementsintheuseofchemicalpesticides(农药).
HumanshavebenefitedgreatlyfromtheworkofMarieCurieandRachelCarson.Whatifthesewomenhadnotbeenencouragedtobecomescientists?
Ibelievethatweneedtoencourageyoungwomentoenterthefieldofscience.Withthatgoalinmind,Isincerelyhopeyourmagazinecanpublishmorearticlesaboutthecontributionsthatwomentaketoscience.
Sincerely,
AnnieBastien,Grade7
CapistranoMiddleSchool
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。
作者在信中建议杂志编辑多刊登一些关于女性科学家的文章,以鼓励更多女性从事科学事业。
1.Accordingtothetext,MarieCurie.
A.achievedsuccesswithherfather’shelp
B.separatedtworadioactiveelementsalone
C.madecontributionstothestudyofX-rays
D.wontheNobelPrizetwicewithherhusband
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句中的“thisworklaid...atomicphysics”可知,玛丽·居里的工作为研究X射线和原子物理学奠定了基础。
故选C。
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutRachelCarson?
A.Shewasaphysicistandchemist.
B.Herbookshadagreatinfluenceonthepublic.
C.Shewasinspiredbyherfathertobecomeascientist.
D.Herroleasanenvironmentalistwasrarelyknownbypeople.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
由倒数第二段最后两句可知,雷切尔·卡逊所著的两本书对大众都产生了很大的影响。
故选B。
3.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?
A.Sheaimstobecomeascientist.
B.Shelikesreadingandwritingstories.
C.Shehasagreatinterestinwomenscientists.
D.Shewantstopublisharticlesinthemagazine.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
由最后一段最后一句可知,作者对女性科学家的故事很感兴趣。
故选C。
B
BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyo
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