生态学英文题库.docx
- 文档编号:11829709
- 上传时间:2023-04-03
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:22
- 大小:482.14KB
生态学英文题库.docx
《生态学英文题库.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《生态学英文题库.docx(22页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
生态学英文题库
CHAPTER7EvolutionandAdaptation
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
MULTIPLECHOICE
1.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
Differentformsofaparticulargeneareknownas
a.chromosomes.
b.alleles.
c.polygenic.
d.pleiotropic.
Answer:
b
2.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
Atraitthatisdeterminedbymultiplegenesisreferredtoas
a.polygenic.
b.pleiotropic.
c.homozygous.
d.heterozygous.
Answer:
a
3.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
medium
Chickenswiththedominantalleleatthefrizzlegeneproducecurlyfeathers,haveveryhighbodytemperature,andlayfeweggs.Thisisanexampleof
a.polygenictraits.
b.pleiotropy.
c.epistasis.
d.randomassortment.
Answer:
b
4.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
medium
Twoofthegenesthataffectcoatcolorinhorsesaretheextensiongeneandthecreamdilutiongene.ThedominantEalleleattheextensiongenegeneratesblackcoats,whiletherecessiveealleleproducesredcoats.ThecoatcolorcausedbytheextensiongeneisnotalteredifthehorseisahomozygotefortheCalleleatthecreamdilutiongene.However,ifthehorseisahomozygotefortheCCralleleatthecreamdilutiongene,itwillhaveawhitecoatregardlessoftheextensiongenotype.Thisinteractionbetweentheextensionandthecreamdilutiongeneisanexampleof
a.pleiotropy.
b.epistasis.
c.codominance.
d.randomassortment.
Answer:
b
5.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
difficult
Whichofthefollowingtypesofallelewouldweexpecttohavethelowestfrequencyinapopulation?
a.beneficialrecessiveallele
b.beneficialdominantallele
c.harmfulrecessiveallele
d.harmfuldominantallele
Answer:
d
6.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
medium
Consideragenethataffectsfurcolorinmice.Thisgenehastwoalleles,Aanda.IfAAmicehavewhitefur,Aamicehavegrayfur,andaamicehaveblackfur,howwouldwedescribetheeffectofthesealleles?
a.Aisdominantandaisrecessive.
b.Aisrecessiveandaisdominant.
c.Aandaarecodominant.
d.Aandaareepistatic.
Answer:
c
7.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
medium
Consideragenethataffectsnumberofseedsinaplant.Thisgenehastwoalleles,Gandg.IfGGplantsproduce50seeds,Ggplantsproduce50seeds,andggplantsproduce25seeds,howwouldwedescribetheeffectofthesealleles?
a.Gisdominantandgisrecessive.
b.Gisrecessiveandgisdominant.
c.Gandgarecodominant.
d.Gandgarepolygenic.
Answer:
a
8.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
Whattermreferstotheallelesofallofthegenesofeveryindividualinapopulation?
a.polygenic
b.heterozygous
c.genepool
d.randomassortment
Answer:
c
9.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
Whatprocesscreatesnewallelesinapopulation?
a.randomassortment
b.mutation
c.recombination
d.epistasis
Answer:
b
10.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
difficult
Formutationsthatenterapopulationofadiploidorganism,whichtypeofmutationismostlikelytobeaffectedbynaturalselectionwhenitfirstappears?
a.synonymousmutation
b.nonsynonymousrecessivemutation
c.nonsynonymousdominantmutation
d.Allareequallylikelytobeaffectedbynaturalselection.
Answer:
c
11.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
TheshufflingofgenesthatoccurswhenDNAiscopiedduringmeiosisisknownas
a.recombination.
b.mutation.
c.randomassortment.
d.epistasis.
Answer:
a
12.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
easy
Whattermdescribesmakingnewcombinationsofallelesusingexistinggeneticvariationacrossmanychromosomes?
a.pleiotropy
b.epistasis
c.randomassortment
d.mutation
Answer:
c
SHORTANSWER
13.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
medium
Clonalanimalsdonotreshuffletheirgenesthroughgeneticrecombination,whereassexuallyreproducinganimalsdo.Explainhowthisdifferencecouldaffecthowpathogensinteractwithclonalanimalsandhowtheyinteractwithsexuallyreproducinganimals.
Answer:
Sincerecombinationcreatesnewgenotypeseverygeneration,pathogenscannotbecomefullyadaptedtothegenotypesofsexuallyreproducinganimals.Becauserecombinationdoesnotoccurinclonalanimals,theygainnewgeneticvariationonlythroughmutation,whichisaveryrareprocess.Thuspathogenscanmoreeasilyadapttothegeneticvariationinclonalanimals.
14.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
difficult
Describethedifferencebetweensynonymousandnonsynonymousmutation.Whichtypeismorelikelytobeaffectedbynaturalselection,andwhy?
Answer:
Asynonymousmutationdoesnotaffectanorganism’sphenotype,whereasanonsynonymousmutationdoesaffectphenotype.Naturalselectionactsonvariationamongphenotypes,andsonaturalselectionwillactonlyonnonsynonymousmutations,becausetheyaretheonlymutationsthataffectanorganism’sphenotype.
15.Topic:
Theprocessofevolutiondependsongeneticvariation.
Level:
difficult
Manygeneticdiseaseshavesevereorlethaleffectsinthehomozygousform,yetallelesforthesediseasesarenotentirelyremovedbynaturalselection.Explainhowdominancerelationshipsamongallelesallowdeleteriousmutationstoremaininapopulation.
Answer:
Whengeneticdiseasesarecausedbyrecessivealleles,theydoharmtothecarrieronlyinthehomozygousform.Theheterozygotesdonotexpressthedeleteriousphenotype,andthusheterozygotesdonothavereducedfitness.Deleteriousgeneticdiseasesthuscanremaininthepopulationbecausetheyarenotselectedagainstintheheterozygousform.
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
MULTIPLECHOICE
16.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
easy
Aprocessthatoccurswhengeneticvariationislostbecauseofrandomvariationinmating,mortality,fecundity,andinheritanceisknownas
a.mutation.
b.geneticdrift.
c.stabilizingselection.
d.disruptiveselection.
Answer:
b
17.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Therateatwhichallelefrequencieschangebecauseofgeneticdriftis
a.highestinlargepopulations.
b.thesameregardlessofpopulationsize.
c.highestinintermediate-sizedpopulations.
d.highestinsmallpopulations.
Answer:
d
18.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Considerthreepopulationsofaplantspecies,eachisolatedfromotherpopulationsofthesamespecies.PopulationXhascontainedapproximately100individualsineachgenerationforthepast200generations.PopulationYhascontainedapproximately10,000individualsineachgenerationforthepast200generations.PopulationZhascontainedapproximately1millionindividualsineachgenerationforthepast200generations.Ifgeneticdriftistheonlyevolutionaryprocessactingonthesepopulations,howcanweexpecttheamountofgeneticvariationtodifferamongthesepopulations?
a.Xwillhavethehighestvariation,Ywillhaveintermediatevariation,andZwillhavethelowestvariation.
b.Xwillhavethelowestvariation,Ywillhaveintermediatevariation,andZwillhavethehighestvariation.
c.XandZwillhavehighvariation,whileZwillhavelowvariation.
d.Allthreepopulationswillhavethesameamountofgeneticvariation.
Answer:
b
19.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Whichis(are)correctaboutfoundereffect?
I.Foundereffectoccurswhenindividualsaretransplantedtoanewlocation.
II.Foundereffectproducesnewalleles.
III.Foundereffectreducesgeneticvariation.
a.Ionly
b.IIonly
c.IIIonly
d.IandII
e.IandIII
Answer:
e
20.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Considerasituationinwhichoverharvestingcausesthenumberoffishinapopulationtobecomedrasticallysmaller,whichcausesgeneticvariationinthatfishtodecreaseoverafewgenerations.Thisisanexampleof
a.bottleneckeffect.
b.foundereffect.
c.directionalselection.
d.recombination.
Answer:
a
21.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Thefourplotsinthefigureshowpossiblerelationshipsbetweenthesurvivalandbeaklengthinanislandpopulationofbirds.Whichplotisanexampleofdisruptiveselection?
a.plota
b.plotb
c.plotc
d.plotd
Answer:
c
22.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
medium
Sticklebackfishexhibitvariationinamorphologicaltraitknownasgillrakers.Fishwithlonggillrakersareverygoodateatingplankton,andfishwithshortgillrakersaregoodateatingdeep-waterinvertebrates.However,fishwithintermediate-lengthgillrakersarepoorateatingeithertypeoffood.Fishthatarebetteratconsumingfoodhavehighersurvivalandreproductionratesthanpoorerconsumers.Basedonthisinformation,whattypeofselectionislikelyactingonsticklebackgillrakerlength?
a.nonaturalselection
b.stabilizingselection
c.disruptiveselection
d.directionalselection
Answer:
c
23.Topic:
Evolutioncanoccurthroughrandomprocessesorthroughselection.
Level:
difficult
Whenaparental
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 生态学 英文 题库
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)