届全国卷高考押题卷一英语.docx
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届全国卷高考押题卷一英语.docx
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届全国卷高考押题卷一英语
2018届全国卷高考押题卷
(一)
英语
注意事项:
1、答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2、回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3、考试结束后,请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
SupplyPrimaryTeachersNeeded
Weworkwithagroupof‘Good’and‘Excellent’schoolslocatedacrossLondon.Wearelookingforexcellentteacherswhohaveapassionforteachingandarelookingfornewopportunities.
AboutSupplyTeaching
Supplyteachinggivesyouthefreedomandflexibilitytoworkatavarietyofdifferentschools.Youhavetheoptionofday-to-daysupplyorlong-termsupply,whichcouldleadtoafulltimeemployment.
Youwouldberequiredtohaveagreatunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum(课程).Ifyouhaveexperience,thenpleasedon’thesitatetoapply.
Youwouldbeworkingwithstudentswhohavevariedneeds.
Wearelookingforableanddevotedteacherswhoareabletoteachandengagewiththewholeclasswhileteaching.
Supplyrolesaregreatforexperiencedteachersandnewlyqualifiedteacherslookingtogainexperience.
KeyResponsibilities
Toteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.
Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.
Touseregularassessmentstosettargetsforstudents,andmonitortheirprogress.
Tomaintainregularandproductivecommunicationwithstudentsandparents.
ThePerfectCandidate
Mustholdauniversitydiploma.
Abletoworkwellwithinateam.
Strongunderstandingoftheprimarycurriculum.
Abletocreateinterestingandengaginglessonsforstudents.
Deadline:
ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.
ContactUs
Pleasedon'thesitatetocontactusatASQEducation.
Ifyoufeellikethisisnotquitetherightroleforyou,pleasestillcontactusatASQEducation,wehaveavarietyofrolesinPrimaryandSecondarySchool.
21.Whatmaindutiesshouldasupplyteachertake?
A.Plan,prepareandteacheffectivelessons.
B.Guidestudentstoexperienceafter-schoolactivities.
C.Settargetstobecomeafulltimeemployee.
D.Makesureofthestudents’freedomandflexibility.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第三部分的前两句“Toteacheffectivelessonsthatinspireandleadtorapidprogressfromallstudents.Toplanandprepareeffectiveschemesofworkandlessons.”可知,计划、筹备并进行有效的教学是老师的主要职责之一。
故选A。
22.Whichofthefollowingisnotsuitabletobeasupplyteacher?
A.Onewhohasaclearideaofprimarycurriculum.
B.Onewhohasgreatpassionforteaching.
C.Onewhohasteachingexperience.
D.Onewholikesworkingalone.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第四部分第二句“Abletoworkwellwithinateam”可知,作为一名代课教师,应该有团队合作精神,由此可推知,D项不适合。
故选D。
23.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheposition,youshould___________.
A.havehumorouspersonality
B.applybefore4thJanuary2018at9am
C.contacttheschoolslocatedacrossLondondirectly
D.preparealessonandcommunicatewithparentsinadvance
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第五部分“Deadline:
ApplybyThursday,4thJanuary2018at9am.”可知,最后截止期限是2018年1月4日上午9点。
故选B。
B
Today,Ifeltterrible---myheadwasfullofproblemsandconfusion.IdecidedtotakeawalkeventhoughIdidn'tknowwhereIwouldgo.ThemostextraordinarythinghappenedwhenIwasoutonthiswalk.Isawanoldmansittingonachair.Hewasasellerofsecond-handshoes.Heseemedsotiredandnobodywasbuyinghisshoes.
IwantedtogivehimsomethingbutIhadnotbroughtanythingwithme.Then,alittlegirlcametowardhim.Iheardthechildsay,"Grandfather,mayIpolishyourshoes?
"Thatoldmantookpityonher,smiledandhegaveherashoetopolish.Thegirlsaid,"IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform."Theoldmananswered,"Oh,littlegirl.Juststopdoingthis.ComewithmeandIwillbuyyouauniform."
Thentheywalkedtoamarket(Ifollowedbehind)andheboughtherauniform.Thegirlwassohappy.Shesaid,"Thankyousomuchfordoingthis."Thensheleft,leavingtheoldmansmiling.Hewalkedawayfromthemarket,butIstoppedhim.
Iwhisperedinhisear,"Youareahero!
Thankyouforyourkindness!
"AsIwalkedaway,IglancedbackandIcouldseehimstillsmiling.IwasblownawaybythekindnessIhadjustseen.Someonewhohadsolittlehimselfwasabletoshowsuchincrediblegenerosity!
Amazing!
Myownsadnesshadcompletelydisappeared,chasedawaybythelightofthiskindact.IbeganrealizingthatIhavealottobethankfulfor.
24.Whydidthegirlwanttopolishshoesfortheoldman?
A.Tosupporttheoldman’sbusiness.
B.Toshowherpityontheoldman.
C.Toearnmoneytobuysomethingtoherbrother.
D.Toattracttheattentionofpassers-bytobuymoreshoes.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二段第五句Thegirlsaid,“IpolishtheshoebecauseIneedmoneytobuymybrotheranewschooluniform.”可知,女孩帮老人擦鞋是为了赚钱给弟弟买校服。
故选C。
25.Whatcanweknowabouttheoldmanfromthepassage?
A.Hehasnotenoughtoeatandwear.
B.Heisverycoldtoothers.
C.Heisakindandgenerousman.
D.Heisinapoorhealthcondition.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。
老人自身并不富足,还是热心地帮助小女孩实现了愿望,由此可推知,他是一个慷慨、善良的人。
故选C。
26.Whatwordscanbedescribedthegirl’scharacter?
A.Friendlyandcaring.
B.Greedyandkind.
C.Enthusiasticandimpatient.
D.Meanandsad.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。
小女孩对待卖鞋子的老人礼貌而又周全,由此可知她很友好;为了给弟弟买新校服愿意付出自己的劳动,由此可知,她很有爱心。
故选A。
27.Whatmaytheauthorlearnfromtheoldman?
A.Comparedwithhelpingothers,personalsadnessisnotimportant.
B.Oneshouldlivebyone’sownworknotbyothers’help.
C.Oneshouldn’tlookdownupontheonewhoneedshelp.
D.Eventhoughonehaslittle,heshouldtrytohelpothers.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。
卖鞋的老人自己并没有多少钱,还是尽自己的力量帮助了小女孩。
作者可以从老人身上学习到:
一个人即使拥有的不多,但仍要尽自己的努力来帮助需要帮助的人。
故选D。
C
Adultsperformbetterwhentheyhavealottogainorlose.Butscientistsdidnotknowwhetherteensdidtoo.Tofindout,Inselasked88peoplebetweentheagesof13and20.Shehadthemtryagame.Theparticipantslookedatpicturesofplanetsonacomputerscreen.Theyhadtoclickasfastastheycouldwhentheysawaplanetwithdesigns.Theywerenotsupposedtoclickifaplanethadnodesigns.
Theparticipantscouldearn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones.Inothersessions,they’dgetadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones.Playersofallageswantedtowinthemoney,andcaredmoreaboutbiggerrewardsthansmallerones.
AsInselexpected,adultsperformedbetterwhenthestakeswerehigh.Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.
Insel’steampublishedthisworkNovember28,2017,inNatureCommunications.
Brainschangeandmatureduringadolescence.Andnotallpartsgrowatthesamerate.Inselwasinterestedintwoareasinparticular.Oneisdeepinsidethebrainandjustabovetheears.Calledtheventralstriatum(腹侧纹状体),ithelpsthebraincalculaterewards.Theventralstriatumbecomesmatureduringtheteenyears.
Thebrain’sprefrontalcortex(前额叶)takeslongertomature.Thisareaisimportantforplanningandsettinggoals.Itmaynotmatureuntilearlyadulthood.
Nervepathways—thinkofthemasthebrain’s“wiring”—connecttheventralstriatumandprefrontalcortex.Thisletsthetworegionscommunicatetomakedecisions.Butbecausetheprefrontalcortexmatureslater,thewiringbetweenthetwomaynotbecompleteuntiladulthood.
28.WhichofthefollowingcanexplainInsel’sresearch?
A.Teensignorekeypointsinmanyaspects.
B.Adultsbehavebetterwithhigherrewards.
C.Teensgivemoreattentiontoexamsthanusualwork.
D.Adultsbehavemorematurelythanchildrenineveryway.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第三段最后一句“Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.”可知,当提高筹码时,只有19岁或20岁的孩子在游戏中表现更好。
由此可推知,18岁的成年人在筹码增大时,表现更好,与B项一致。
故选B。
29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stakes”referto?
A.Thefinalresultsofgamesorexperiments.
B.Thethingsthatcanbegainedorlostinraces.
C.Theambitionsorenergiesthatoneexperiencesingames.
D.Thepowersthatmakeonefeellesspressureorpain.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。
根据上文可知,stakes在此处指实验中提到的“earn20centsforrightanswersbutlose10centsforwrongones”,“getadollarforrightanswers,andloseahalfdollarforwrongones”,指比赛中的风险或赌注。
故选B。
30.Fromthepassage,wecanknow___________.
A.theexperimentaimstofindoutadults’behaviourfacinghighstakes
B.teenshavebetterperformancesinthefirstrounds
C.adultscarelessabouttheexperimentatfirst
D.adultsandteensshowdifferentlywithhighstakes
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第三段第二、三句“Butteens13to18playedjustaswellwhethertheystoodtowin20centsoradollar.Only19-or20-yearoldssteppeduptheirgameforthehigherstakes.”可以看出,提高实验的筹码级别,成年人表现得更好,而13到18岁的孩子表现和原来无异。
故选D。
31.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Unlikeadults,teensdon’tperformbetterwithhighstakes
B.Whoperformbetter,adultsorchildren?
C.Stakesarethekeypointsinpromotingone’spassion
D.Whetherlowstakesorhighstakes,onebehavessimilarly
【答案】A
【解析】文章标题。
本文通过具体实验,主要阐述了因为大脑中的前额叶发育不成熟,面对高和低风险或赌注,青少年表现相差无几,而成年人则面对高赌注,表现更好。
故选A。
D
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OneofthemisNorwegianchemicalcompanyYaraInternational.Yarahasdesignedtobuildanautonomousshipexpectedtolaunchnextyear.Theshipisfullyelectrictoreduceairpollution.Itisdesignedtocarrycontainersnormallytransportedbytruck.Thismeanstheshipwillalsoimproveroadsafetybyreplacingabout40,000trucktripsay
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