基坑支护外文文献.docx

基坑支护外文文献.docx

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基坑支护外文文献

中文3700字

Soilnailwall,alsoknownassoilnailingtechnology,whichisinstalledinsitusoilwitharelativelydensesoilnails,andsoilslopesurfaceofsprayedconcretetobuildasteelmeshsurfacelayer,throughthesoilnails,thesurfacelayerandin-situsoiltheroleofthethreemonslopeorretainingwallside.Soilnailwallsbutalsoposesasimilargravityinsitureinforcedearthretainingstructures.Andsupportingavarietyofmethodshavebeenpared,ithastheconstructioneasy,simpleequipment,requirelittlespace,excavationandsupportingjobscanbeparallel,theoverallprogressofthefast,lowcost,aswellaspollution,lownoise,stableandreliable,socialandeconomicgood,andmanyotheradvantages,andthereforeathomeandabroadwiththefoundationpitslopereinforcementhasbeenwidelyappliedrapidly.

        Soilnailwallconstructiontechnologyisatop-downstepbystepbuildprocess,accordingtothefollowingorder:

Accordingtodesignrequirementsforexcavationface,trimmedslope,plantedsprayedconcretethicknesscontrolsigns;jetfirstlayerofconcrete;erectionofdrillingsoilnails,grouting,erectionofconnectors;bandingsteelnet,sprayasecondlayerofconcrete;settopofthehill,slopeandthefootoftheslopeofthedrainagesystem.

        Soil-nailedlaw-enforcement:

keepasmuchaspossible,significantlyhighermaximumuseofpitwallsideofinherentmechanicalstrengthofsoil,changingsoilstructureandsystemloadaspartofthebracing.Sprayedconcreteundertheeffectofhighpressuregasflow,whereinhigh-speedsoilsurfacelayerandthesoilinthespraycreatedbetween'embeddedsolid-effect',andgraduallyformapletelyclosedwiththeexcavationshoringsystems,spraylayerandmountedwithaprotectivelayerofandreinforcementoftopsoil,sothattoavoidexposuretowindandrainerosion,shallowcollapse,localspalling,aswellastheroleofimpermeableimpermeable.Soilnailingaspecialcontrolpressuregroutingcanbereinforcedmediumgreatlyimprovedphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesmakeitbeeanewgeologicalbody,itssolid-solidintheslipplanethedeepsectionofthesoiloutsidethehouse,itsexternalfixedterminalSpraythesurfacelayerinconjunctionwiththenetworkasawholemaybeatendencytoinstabilityinthesidewalltransferredtothesolid-sectionanditsvicinityandtoeliminate.ReinforcedMeshsprayedlayercanhaveabetterintegrityandflexibility,caneffectivelyadjustthespraylayerandthestressdistributionwithinthesoilnail.Activesoilnailretainingsoilandwithsoiltogetherwithconstructionofsimple,rapidandtimely,flexibleapplicability,withthediggingwithsticks,safeandeconomiccharacteristics.Itsdurationisgenerallypoorerthanthetraditionalmethodtosavemorethan30-60d,engineering,lowcostand10%-30%,supportingthemaximumverticalpitdepthhasnowreached21.5m,builtmud（localmiscellaneousfill）pitdepthof10m.Thismethodnotonlyeffectivelybeusedforgeneralgeotechnicaldeepexcavationshoring,oftenalsousedanumberofotherancillarysupportmeasures,caneffectivelybeusedforsupportingstreamingsand,silt,plexfilling,saturatedsoil,softsoil,etc.adversegeologicalconditionsofthedeepexcavation.Inaddition,itisalsorapid,reliableandeconomicalmethodofusingthetraditionalmethodorimprovedfacilitiestobemadeorhavebeencarriedoutrescueexcavationinstabilityreinforcement.

        Ofsoilnailingandreinforcedsoilandanchoritseemssuchasretainingstructures,however,thestructureofsoilnailingandreinforcedearthconstruction,etc.Therearemanydifferentpoints,andanchor.

        Firstofall,soilnailingandreinforcedsoilslopeorretainingwallisnotthesame,mainlyreflectedin:

theconstructionindifferentways.Soil-nailedconstructionofthedistributionofexpansionfromtoptobottom,sideexcavationwhileretainingfulluseofundisturbedsoilstrength.Reinforcedearthstructurefrombottomtotopfillinglayeredconstruction,fillingchoice,densityandintensitycanbecontrolled;reinforcedpullthebiggestchangesinbodypatternisdifferent.Inthereinforcedearthstructure,thegeneralbodyatthebottomofthetendonforcemaximum.Inthestructureofsoilnailing,thegeneralrangeofthecentralpartofthelargestforceofsoilnail,theupperandbottomofthesoilnailforcesmall;differentdeformationproperties.SoilNailingthemaximumdisplacementoccurredinthesupportingslopeatthetopornearthetop,reinforcedearthstructure,themaximumdisplacementatthebottom.

        Secondly,soilnailingandboltingorretainingwallisnotthesame,mainlydueto:

thevariouspartsoftheforceandthesamerole.Boltingorretainingwalloftheanchorgenerallyanchoragesectionandfreeabove,theuseofslidingsurfacetoprovideresistanceoutsidetheanchoragesection,settheanchorgenerallyprestressed,thefreesectionunderuniformtensioneffect,throughtheanchorseatpassedtotheslopeoftheretainingstructures,earthretainingstructuresgreaterstiffness,mainlythroughtheprovisionofresistancebythemoment,isoneofthemainforceponents.Soilnailingsettingsgenerallydonotimposepre-tension,butoccursinthesoilafterasmalldeformationofthepassiveforce,thesizeoftheforcealongtheunevendistributionofsoilnailextension,themiddleonbothsidesofthesmall,theroleoftheforceatthesurfacelayerthanthesmall,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerisnotamajorforceponents,itsroleistostabilizethesurfaceofthepartialexcavationofsoiltopreventcavinganderosion;settingdifferentdensities.Intheboltsupportintheunitareaontheretainingboltsetthenumberofgenerallyless,foreachrootanchorconstructionaccuracyandrequirementsareverystringent.Inthesoil-nailing,thesurfaceofsoilnailretainingalittlebitmoredensearrangementofindividualsoilnailconstructionrelativelylowaccuracyandqualityrequirements;designofdifferentlengths.Intheboltsupport,thedesignrequirementsmustmeettherequirementsofeachrootanchorofresistance,soboltanchoragesectionrequirein-depthintothestablelayer,thedesignofalongerlength.Insoilnailing,themoredensearrangementofsoilnail,thelargenumberofinteractionwiththesurroundingsoil,tomaintainself-reinforcedzoneofsoilstability,andresistancetooutsidetheregionreinforcedtheroleofsoilpressure,designshorterlength.Ofcourse,therearemanytypesofbolts,therearenotpre-stressed,thelengththantheaveragesoil-nailevenshorter,butthisboltismainlyusedforthetunnelorundergroundworksofthespray-anchoronthelengththantheaveragesoil-nailisalsoisshorter,oftenonly2-4m.

     〔1〕ConstructionofSoilNail           

Soilnailingisasoil-nailasamajorponentoftheslopeoftheforcesupportingtechnology,whichconsistsofdensesoilnailgroup,hasbeenreinforcedinsitusoil,sprayedconcretesurfacelayerandthenecessarywatersystemponents.

        〔2〕StructuralMaterials

        Steel:

steeltypes,modelsandsizesshouldbeconsistentwithdesignrequirements,shouldadopttheH-orH-classsteelworkers,reinforcedafterthepurchaseshouldbeproperlysafeguardedtopreventcorrosion,productionshouldbetransferredstraight,rust,oilremoval,shouldbecarriedoutphysicalandmechanicalpropertiesorchemicalpositionanalysisoftestweldingofsteel,shouldbeweldabilityandweldingqualityofthetestfordetectionofweldingmaterialstrengthshouldbegreaterthantheoverallstrength;

        Cement:

ordinaryportlandcementused,labelP032.5,ifnecessary,sulfuricacidresistantcement,aluminacementshouldnotbeused.Cementshouldplywiththeprovisionsoftheexistingcementstandardrequirements,theremustbeasinglefactorytestreports,qualityinspectionorders,factorycarddocuments,inaccordancewithitsvarieties,label,testnumbersetc.,andinspectionandacceptancesamplinginspection,bytheexaminationresultsarereasonableUse.Bagsofcementshouldbeproperlykeptinstorageandtransportation,rain,moisture,stackedinacertainheightfromthegroundheapshelves,isstrictlyprohibitedanddamagethrowingthrowingbags,prohibitedtheuseofdampordifferentvarietiesofmixedcementlabel.

        Aggregate:

stoneandsandmaterial（seedsfilm,medium-finesand）shouldcheckreportcards,thestonetestmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ53-92,sandmaterialtestingmethodsandqualitystandardsbyJGJ52-92.Particlesizeoflessthan2mminthesand,sand,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3%,theparticlesizeoflessthan12mmgravelormelontablets,claycontentbyweightnotmorethan3%.

        Mixingofwater:

thewaterwithoutaffectingthenormalcondensationofcementhardeningofharmfulimpurities,maynotcontainfat,sugarandfreeacid,etc.;water,PHvalueislessthanfourofacidicwaterandsulfurionofmorethan1%ofthewaterweightofwaterwereshallnotbeused;theuseoftapwaterorcleanwaterformixingnaturalwatercouldbedispensedwithfortesting.

        Quick-settingagent:

quick-settingagentisusedinJ85,711,orRedStar1,shouldbespecificallyresponsibleforcontrol,addtheweightof3%oftheweightofcement,themachineautomaticallyaddedbythejet.

        Electrodes:

TheTHJ422.

        Concretemix:

Inadditiontosprayingtheconcretemixdesignstandardstobeattainedstrength,wemustalsomeetthetechnicalrequirementsofconstruction,withtheratioof1:

0.4:

2:

2（cement:

water:

sand:

melonpieces）,melonseedspiecemaximumdiameterofnotmorethan12mm.

        Grouting