综英四复习资料.docx
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综英四复习资料.docx
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综英四复习资料
HunanNormalUniversity
Collegeofforeignlanguagestudies
englishdepartment
REVISIONMaterial
SummarizedMaterial
For
ComprehensiveEnglish
Book4
&
OtherArticles
Structuralanalyses,Centralideas&authors’opinions
Unit1:
TheAmbivalenceofAbortion
CLOSEREADING:
TheAmbivalenceofAbortion-LindaBirdFrancke
StructuralAnalysis:
ØPartI(1-2):
Iwaspregnantagain,butwetriedtorationalizeandagreednottohaveanotherbaby.
ØPartII(3-23):
IntheWomen’sServices,Iexperiencedtheambivalenceoftheabortion.
ØPartIII(24-26):
Theabortioninfluencedmylaterlifephysicallyandspiritually.
Centralidea:
ØBytellingherownexperienceofabortionintheWomen’sServiceswithherhusband’scompany,theauthordescribesherambivalenceoftheabortionclearly.
Author’Opinion:
ØTheauthorisapro-choice,butwhileshewasabortingababy,shebecomesambivalent.Ononehand,shestillsupportedabortion;ontheotherhand,shefeltsorrytheabortedbaby
Article:
TheMonster-DeemsTaylor
StructuralAnalysis:
ØPartI(para.1--9)Itdescribesamanwhoseemstohaverolledallkindsofdemeritsintoone,arealmonster.
ØPartII(para.10)It’satransitionalparagraph,clarifyingthismonsterisafamousmusicianbythenameofRichardWagner.
ØPartIII(para.11--13)ItjustifiesallthebehaviorsofRichardWagner.
Centralidea:
Thearticletoldatruththatgoldcan’tbepureandmancan’tbeperfect.Everymanhashisfaults,butifhecandowellinoneaspectoflife,heissuccessful.Andhisfaultswillbeforgivenbyothers.
Author’sOpinion:
Noonecandowellineveryaspect.So,eveniftherearealotofshortagesinthe“monster”,heisstillagreatman.Becausehehasputallhiseffortsintomusicandhismusicwassogreatthatpeoplewouldforgivehimforallthemisdeedsthathehaddoneandthegooddeedsthathefailedtodo.
Unit3:
CapitalPunishment
CLOSEREADING:
Death&Justice:
HowCapitalPunishmentAffirmsLife-EdwardI.Koch
StructuralAnalysis:
ØPartⅠ(1-3):
Theauthorarguestheimportanceofthedeathpenalty.
ØPartII(Para.4-13):
Theauthorarguesagainsttheexcusesofthedeathpenaltyopponents.
ØPartIII(Para.14-16):
Theauthorarguestheethicsandpoliticstowardstheimportanceandsupportofthedeathpenalty.
Centralidea:
Byexaminingtheargumentsmostfrequentlyheardinopposition,theauthormaintainedhisposition,thatis,hesupportedcapitalpunishment.
Author’sOpinion:
ØIt’sthedeathitselftheyconsiderbarbaric,notthemethod.
ØUnitedStateshasabigmurderproblem,soitshouldsupportthedeathpenalty.
ØHumanlifedeservesspecialprotection,andoneofthebestwaystoguaranteethatprotectionistoassurethatconvictedmurdersdonotkillagain.Onlythedeathpenaltycanaccomplishthisend.
ØThedeathpenaltystrengthensthevalueofhumanlife.
ØRightsandresponsibilitiessurrenderedbytheindividualarewhatgivethestateitspowertogovern.
Øwhenweprotectguiltylives,wegiveupinnocentlivesinexchange.
ØAllinall,hesupportedthedeathpenalty.
Article:
AFrenchFourth-CharlesTrueheart
StructuralAnalysis
ØPartI(Para.1-3):
awayofcelebratinghishomecountry’snationalDay,i.e.theIndependenceDayoftheUnitedStates;
ØPartII(Para.4-9):
theexpatriatedlifeoftheauthor’schildrenandthecostsaswellasbenefits;
ØPartIII(Para.10-12):
thecontrastoftheexpatriatedchildhoodbetweentheauthor’schildrenandtheauthorhimself,alongwiththecauseofthedifference–globalization.
Centralidea
Bydescribingtheexpatriatedlifetheyhaveinadifferentcountry,theauthorreiterateshispointthatitisdifficulttomakethechildrenunderstandandidentifythevirtuesoftheirnativeculturewithoutlivinginitandthecauseofthedifferencebetweentheauthor’sexpatriatedchildhoodthehischildren’sisglobalization.
Author’sopinion
Itisdifficult,accordingtotheauthor,tomakethechildrenunderstandandidentifythevirtuesoftheirnativeculturewithoutlivinginit.Accordingly,theyhavetogobacktotheirnativecountrytocompensatefortheineffectivefamilyeducation,whilethebenefitsincludeacquiringaforeignlanguageandcultureandavoidingbeingexposedtotheproblemsofthenativeculture.
Unit6:
EnvironmentalProtection
CLOSEREADING:
CarryingCapacity:
Earth’sBottomLine-SandraPostel
StructuralAnalysis
AProblem-SolutionPattern:
Solutions
↓
Advocacy
TheGeneralProblem
↓
TheCentralProblem
(andCauses)
ØPartI(Para.1-2):
Theauthorpresentsthattogainmorefromtheearth,wehumanbeingshavebeenchangingtheearthattheexpenseofitscarryingcapacity.
ØPartII(Para.3-7):
Theauthorproposesthatasaresultofpopulationsize,consumptionpatterns,andtechnologychoices,wehaveenteredintoanageinwhichthecarryingcapacityoftheearthhasbeenexceeded
ØPartIII(Para.8-10):
Theauthorsuggestsweshouldrationallyusetechnologyandtradeinordertosolvetheproblemofbreachingtheearth’scarryingcapacity.
ØPara.IV(Para.11):
Theauthoradvocatesunearthingtherootsofenvironmentaldamagetorealizesustainabledevelopment.
MainIdea
Thearticleisaimedatproposingthathumanbeingshavebeendamagingtheenvironmentoftheearthtotheextentthatwehaveexceededtheearth’scarryingcapacityandthatpropermeasuresintechnologyandtrademustbetakensoontoreversethedamage.
TheAuthor'sOpinion
Environmentisdamagedbyourhumanbeings.Wearechangingtheearthattheexpenseofitscarryingcapacity.Thinkaboutthecarryingcapacity,morefactorsshouldbeingconsidered.Thepopulationsize,theconsumptionpatternsandthetechnologychoices.Takingpropermeasuresisimportant.Itcanensureourhumanbeingstomakegooduseoftheresourceoftheearth.
Article:
TheSellingofthePresident-EdwardJayWhetmore
StructuralAnalysis
ØPartI(Para1):
Thethesisoftheauthor,i.e.presidentialelectionhasbeendeterminedlargelybyheavyspotbuyingonelectronicmediainrecentyears.
ØPartII(Para2—11):
InthemainbodyofthearticletheauthordiscussestheimpactoftelevisiononAmericanpresidentialelection.
ØPartIII(Para12):
Intheconclusiontheauthorreiterateshispointthatitisveryimportanttodevelopasenseofwhatkindofpersonweareelectingtothenation’shighestoffice.
Centralidea
BydiscussingtheimpactoftelevisiononAmericanpresidentialelection,theauthoremphasizethatitisveryimportanttodevelopasenseofwhatkindofpersonweareelectingtothenation’shighestoffice.
Author’sopinion
Presidentialelectionhasbeendeterminedlargelybyheavyspotbuyingonelectronicmediainrecentyears.Heintendstoputacrosstheideathattheimportantissuebeingtalkedaboutnowinpresidentialelectionwillbeoflittlesignificanceinthefuture,soitisfarmoreimportanttoknowwhatkindofpersonwearechoosingtobeourpresident.
Unit7:
RegulatingtheInternet
CLOSEREADING:
TheLawsofCyberspace:
WhatCollegesNeedtoKnow-StevenMcDonald
StructuralAnalysis
AProblem-SolutionPattern
ØPart1(Para.1)Thefirstparagraphservesasanintroduction,wheretheauthorstateshisthesis:
ContinuedincidentsofmisuseoftheInternetoncollegecampusessuggestthatweneedtoreexamineourexistingapproachestotheproblem.
ØPart2(Para.2-16)Thispartisthemainbodyoftheessay,wheretheauthorsupportshispointwithevidencesandreasons:
WhyandhowshouldweregulatetheInternet?
ØPart3(Para.17)Thisistheconcludingparagraph,wheretheauthorreiterateshispointandstateshishopeofthereductionofmisuseoftheInternet
CentralIdea
Theauthorpointsouttheproblemsofthemisusecomputerincampus,andgivessomeexamplestosupportheropinion.Shefindsoutthedisadvantagesofthe‘Internetlaw’.Shegivesusthewaytosolvetheproblemandpointsoutthatthemosteffectivewayshouldbeeducation.SetanexampleintheOhioState.Theeducationwayalsoneedstesting.Nomatterhoweffectivethewayis,wealsodonotwantproblems.Soanounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.
TheAuthor'sOpinion
Theauthorthinksitisnecessarytofindawaytoreducethemisusecomputer.Shefindssomeexamplestosupportheropinionaboutmisusecomputerincampus.Shefindsouttheproblemsofthemisusecomputerinthecampus.Shethinkseducationisthebestwaytosolvethemisusecomputer.Educationismoreeffectivethanlaw.Anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.
Article:
TheDiscusThrower-RichardSelzer
StructureAnalysis:
ØPartI(Para.1):
Anintroductiontothebackgroundofthestory.
ØPartII(Paras.2-13):
Presentstheauthor’smeetingwiththeparticularpatientdubbedthediscusthrower,hisconflictswiththeheadnurseandadetailedportrayalofhowthepatient“throwsthediscus”.
ØPartIII(Paras.14-15):
Tellsofthepatient’sdeath.
Centralidea:
TheDiscusThrowerissymbolicincharacterization.Thenamelesspatientin"Rom542"standsforaneverymaninhissociety.Hisblindnessshowsthatheisamanindarkness.Anddarknessisuponthefaceofthemodernsociety.Hisleglessconditionshowsthathehaslosthisfreedomofactionintheso-calledlandofliberty.Hisironicwordsimplyhisindignationathisadversefortune.Thecrackofthebrokenplatesymbolizesahopeforthespan-newlife.Thedoctor-narratorrepresentsacommontoilerwhosupportsthesociety.Theheadnurserepresentsarulerinthemodernwesternworld.Thesymbolicmeaningsreflecttheauthor'scarefulobservationandmeditationontheexistentsociety.
Theauthor’sopinion:
Thisportraitofadifficultandonlysemi-communicativepatientismoreaske
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