LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish.docx
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LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish.docx
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LexicalfeaturesofMedicalEnglish
LexicalFeaturesofMedicalEnglish
I.CompositionofmedicalEnglishwords
MedicalEnglishwords,besidesgeneralEnglishwords,arecomposedofthefollowingparts,justlikeapyramid:
Physics,chemistry,statistics,etc.
Basicmedicalsciences
Generalmedicine/surgery
Differentspecialties
II.Formalandinformalstyles
Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.
Inpresidentialaddresses,articlesforacademicjournals,legaldocuments,etc.,readersexpectformalorlearnedlanguage.Examples:
1.Whenhisdaddied,Peterhadtogetanotherjob.
Onthedeceaseofhisfather,Mr.Brownwasobligedtoseekalternativeemployment.
2.Staffmemberswhodon’tlive…can’tgetpaidovertime.
Overtimeemploymentisnotavailableforemployeeswhoarenon-residents…
3.Dadwasprettytiredafterhislongtrip.
Fatherwassomewhatfatiguedafterhislengthyjourney.
4.Iwantyoutocomeontime.
Irequireyourattendancetobepunctual.
5.Thejobtookalongtime.
Anotinconsiderableamountoftimewasexpendedonthetask.
6.Youguysshutup.
CouldIhaveeverybody’sattention,please?
7.Themeetingwillbeginat4o’clock.
Themeetingwillcommenceat4p.m.
8.Thegovernmentiskeepingupitsfightagainstinflation.
Thegovernmentiscontinuingitsstruggleagainstinflation.
9.TheyendedtheconcertwithBeethoven’s5.
TheconcertconcludedwithaperformanceofBeethoven’s5thSymphony.
10.Hisolddadhaskickedthebucket.
Hisdadhasdied.
Hisdearfatherhasjustdied.
Hisdearfatherhasjustexpired.
Hisbelovedparenthasjustpassedtohisheavenlyreward.
11.Youhavegottopayfinesforoverduebooks.
Penaltiesforoverduebookswillbestrictlyenforced.
12.Thepriceofmeathasbeengoingdownsteeply.
Thepriceofmeathasbeendecliningalarmingly.
13.I’dliketohearyourviewsonthelectures.
Iamdesirousofexploringyourfeelingsonthelecture.
FormalwordsInformalwords
acquireget
attempttry
concerningabout
constructbuild
consequentlyso
objectthing
remainderrest
superiorbetter
frequentlyoften
atahighratequickly
assisthelp
requireneed
increasinglymoreandmore
emitgiveoff
discoverfindout
removetakeaway
absorbtakein
emergecomeout
eliminategetridof
insertputin
transmitputon
exhaustuseup
derivecomefrom
beassociatedwithhavesthtodowith
acceleratespeedup
decomposebreakdown
penetratepassthrough
extracttakeout
terminateend
identicalsame
purchasebuy
sufficientenough
obesefat
tolerateputupwith
utilizemakeuseof
investigatelookinto
participatetakepartin
abandongiveup
implementcarryout
assimilatetakeinanduse
diffusespreadout
approximatelyabout
occasionallysometimes
slightlyalittle
previouslybeforethis
unceasinglywithoutstopping
postponeputoff
eventuallyintheend
survivestayalive
invertedupsidedown
expandgetbigger
nowadays,atpresenttoday,now
atotalofinall
overallgenerallyspeaking
III.Amphibiouswords
1.control
2.contract
3.course
4.culture
5.delivery
6.depression
7.discharge
8.dislocate
9.disorder
10.disturbance
11.dominant
12.drainage
13.dressing
14.elevation
15.enlargement
16.entity
17.episode
18.eruption
19.excision
20.exclusion
21.extremity
22.failure
23.fertility
24.focus
25.frank
26.frequency
27.host
28.indication
29.inject
30.intervention
31.invasive
32.involvement
33.irrigation
34.labor
35.multiple
36.murmur
37.naïve
38.offending
39.onset
40.output
41.prevalence
42.primary
43.productive
44.pupil
45.rash
46.rejection
47.resolve
48.sound
49.stool
50.stroke
51.sympathetic
52.tender
53.term
54.transfusion
55.trunk
56.withdrawal
Examplesentences
1.Acutesublethalcellinjurytendstoappearsimilarregardlessofcauseorcellsinvolved,butchronicsublethalcellinjuryhasmanyvariations.
2.Thoughanoperationmaysavethepatient’slife,itinvolvesthedangerofinfectionandabdominaladhesions.
3.Uptothetimeofadministrationofthedrugthefungushadbeennodangertothebodybecauseitsgrowthhadbeencheckedbythebacteria.
4.Administrationofanyfluidbymouthisgenerallycontraindicatedoncethehospitalhasbeenreachedwheredefinitesurgicalinterventionwillbeperformed.
5.Hewasadmittedwithsevereabdominalpainlastweek.
6.ThespecialcompositionofRotertabletsmakesitpossibletotreateffectivelythemajorityofaffectionsofthestomacheandduodenum.
7.Thereiscurrentlynoevidencethattheuseaggtressivedosageatthisstageiseffectiveintermsofextendingsurvival.
8.Seriousarrhythmiasarepreventedwheneverpossiblebyaggressivetreatmentofpremonitorysignsorotherwisecontrolledimmediatelyafterrecognitionbyappropriatetherapy.
9.Oftheseelderlywomen,manywillsufferfromthechronicdiseasesassociatedwithaging,suchasosteoporosisanddementia,orfromtheconsequencesofneglect,suchasmalnutrition,alienation,andlonelioness.
10.Thewoundgrewincreasinglyangry.
11.Thetermcardiacarrestmaybedefinedasanunexplainedandunanticipatedcessationofcardiacactivity.
12.Inothers,theattacksarealsoinducedbyavarietyofinhaledallergens.
13.Therearealotofhealthnutsaroundthesedays.Theyoungandelderly-middle-agedadultsamongthemarenowcalledyuppiesorbabyboomers,butthenewhealthconsciousnessisaffectingpeopleofeveryage.
14.Thetastebudsinthetongueandthesmellreceptorsinthenoseapparentlygettheirbitsofinformationfromtinychemicalparticles.
15.If,forexample,aliverbiopsyisperformedincidentaltoagastricexclusionandbypassforobesity,thepresumptivediagnosisfattylivershouldbegivenasadiagnosis.
16.Occasionally,benigntumoursmayrupturethroughtheircapsuletoextendpseudopodsintothesurroundingtissue.
17.Ofthe190previouslyuntreatedcases,16havediedofseminoma.
18.Formanyofthediseases,scientistshavebeenabletodiscoverameansofprevention.Smallpoxissuchacase.
19.Seedingofcancersoccurswhen,forexample,acarcinomainthemucosaofthecolon,havingpenetratedthewallofthegutandthevisceralperitoneum,reimplantsatdistantsitesthroughouttheperitonealcavity.
20.Beforetheendofthedecade,wewillhaveroutinegenetictestsforcolonandbreastcancerwhichwillbeappliednotonlytoinheritedcases,buttoallcases.
21.In1928hewasgrowingcoloniesofbacteriainflatopendishes.
22.IntheUnitedStates,healthprofessionalsbecameinvolvedinpublicschoolsattheendofthe19thcenturymainlytopreventandcontrolcommunicablediseases.
23.Intheout-patientdepartmenttherearemanyconsultingroomsfordoctorstoreceivepatientswithdifferentkindsofcomplaints.
24.Patientswhohavesymptomsfromgallstonesshouldbeadvisedtohaveelectivecholecystectomytoavoidthemortalityandmorbidityofacutecholecystitisanditscomplications.
25.Althoughthedevelopmentofantibioticshasbeenofincalculablebenefittomankind,ithasbeengivenrisetoseriouscomplications.
26.Thebloodconcentrationofureaandothernitrogenouscompoundsteadilyrises.
27.Undernormalcircumstances,whenconceptiontakesplace,thefollowingsequenceofeventswillbeobserved.
28.Afamilyhistoryofasthmaisoftenobtained,especiallywhentheconditiondevelopsinchildhood.
29.Thetreatmentofpulmonaryedemaduetocongestiveheartfailureisoutlinedbelow.
30.Repairisthereplacementofdamagedtissuebynewtissueofthesametypeand/orbyfibrousconnectivetissue.
IV.Synonyms
badcornersperleche
clapgonorrhea
swimmingoftheheadvertigo
therunsdiarrhea
pinkeyeconjunctivitis
abdominaldelivery(Cesareansection)laparotrachelotomy
bladderwaterworks
cervixneckofwomb
elbowfunnybone
spinebackbone
stools/facesmotions//toilet
Areyourmotionswellformed?
Histoiletisgreen.
Pregnantbeinthefamilyway
Urinatetodonumberone
Vomittothrowup//tobesick
Dyspnoeaoutofbreath
Dyspepsiaindigestion
Encephalitisbrainfever
Hydrophobiarabies
Myopianear-sight
Menopausetheendperiods
Dotherunnynose
Agoodturn
AtroventNasal
Fast,longlastingrelief
Fromthewateryrhinorrhea
operatingtheatreoperatingroom
FBCCBC
spiritsalcohol
registrarresident
malignant/pernicious/vicious/subtertian
wholeblood/fulldiet/universaldonor/totalhysterectomy
hemorrhage/bleeding/bloodloss
show/indicate/demonstrate/reveal
develop/contract/beafflictedwith/beillwith/bedownwith
besubjectto/beliableto/besusceptibleto/beaptto/beproneto
utilize/employ/exploit/use
V.Acronyms
MATH:
modernapproachtothetreatmentofhypertension
STONE:
上海老年高血压硝苯地平试验(STONE)(ShanghaiTrialofNifedipineintheElderly)
INSIGHT:
INSIGHT研究作为高血压治疗目标的国际硝苯地平缓释片干预研究internationalNifedipineGITSstudyinterventionasagoalinhypertensiontreatment
HOT:
homeoxygentherapy
HOPE:
theHeartOutcomesPreventionEvaluation
CHAOS:
冠心病(coronary),高血压(hypertension),,成人糖尿病(adultdiabetes),肥胖(obesity)及脑卒中(stroke)
CHILDcongenitalhemidysplasiaitchthyosisandlimbdefect先天性半侧发育不良,鱼鳞病及肢体缺陷
GRE:
糖皮质激素应答因子glucocorticoidresponsiveelement
PET:
正电子发射断层照相positronemissioncomputedtomography
ABC:
(1)aspirationbiopsycytology针吸活组织检查细胞学
(2)Avidin-Biotin-peroxidase-complextechnique抗生物素,生物素,过氧化酶复合物技术
FISH:
fluorensceinsituhybridization
MEN:
multipleendocrineneoplasia多内分泌腺瘤
VIP:
vasoactiveintestinalpolypeptide血管活性肠肽
NET:
nerveexcitabilitytest神经兴奋性试验
ERA:
estrondiolreceptorassay
EAR:
EuropeanAssociationofRadiation
SOB:
shortofbreath
MAPs:
microtubleassociatedproteins微
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