《汽车实用英语》教学辅导.docx
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《汽车实用英语》教学辅导.docx
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《汽车实用英语》教学辅导
《汽车实用英语》教学辅导
第一部分教学辅导说明
《汽车实用英语》是中央广播电视大学人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点汽车专业(维修方向)(开放专科)的选修课。
本课程的任务是结合汽车专业的实际需求,较系统的学习专业外语知识。
要求同学们以教材为主,形成性考核作业册为辅,结合实训、录像教材、直播课堂、网上资源等,全面、系统、多层次地学习文字教材。
抓住重点,做到理解、领会,勿死记硬背,争取做到举一反三;注意各部分内容的融会贯通,注意归纳总结,全书共分为三十课的内容,要求同学们每学完一课的内容,自己亲自动手认真进行本节小结,学会运用所学知识进行一般现象分析;重视形成性考核作业册和文字教材中复习思考题,做好自我检查,及时复习、巩固所学知识。
第二部分各章主要内容
第1课HistoryofAutomobile
本课主要介绍了汽车的发展史。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1 词汇:
automobile,vehicle,auto,motorvehicle,MPV,engine,internalcombustionengine,fuel,gasoline,petrol,diesel,wheel,crankshaft,piston,cylinder,stroke,four-strokeengine,motorcycle,carburetor,assemblyline,transportation,sparkplug,front,rear,body
2 句子:
1)Theautomobileasweknowitwasnotinventedinasingledaybyasingleinventor.Thehistoryoftheautomobilereflectsanevolutionthattookplaceworldwide.Itisestimatedthatover100,000patentscreatedthemodernautomobile.
2)Aninternalcombustionengineisanyenginethatusestheexplosivecombustionoffueltopushapistonwithinacylinder-thepiston'smovementturnsacrankshaftthatthenturnsthecarwheelsviaachainoradriveshaft.
二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.汽车发展史;
2.回答课文后问题。
第2课IntroductiontoAutomobile
本课介绍了汽车的基本结构、各个主要部件的工作原理,以及汽车对社会的影响。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1. 词汇:
Chassis,electricalsystem,shaft,drivenshaft,drivenwheel,gear,pistonengine,compression,ignition,sparkignition(SI),compressionignition(CI),suspensionsystem,brakingsystem,steeringsystem,drivingsystem,transmission,transmit,gearbox,finaldrive,differential,clutch,torque,power,neutral,neutralgear,reversegear,spring,steeringwheel,ABS,battery,hood,trunkdeck,charge,wear,pressure,temperature,axle,frame,speed,maintain
3 句子:
1)Thevehiclecanbeusuallysubdividedintoseveralmajorcategories:
thebody,theengineorpowersource,thechassisandtheelectricalsystem.
2)Themaincomponentsofthetransmissionsystemaretheclutch,gearbox,finaldrive,anddifferential.
3)Twotypesofbrakesareusedinmoderncars:
drumbrakesanddiscbrakes.
4)Themajorpartsofelectricalsysteminacarincludethebattery,thestartingsystem,thechargingsystem,theignitionsystem,thelightingsystem,theauxiliarysystemandsomeelectronicdevicesusedonmodernautomobiles.
.二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.汽车基本结构;
2.汽车与社会
3.回答课文后问题。
第3课EngineFundamentals
本课介绍了发动机的基本术语、四冲程发动机的基本结构以及工作原理。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1.词汇:
Cycle,TopDeadCenter(TDC),BottomDeadCenter(BDC),filter,airfilter,oilfilter,fuelfilter,pump,waterpump,fuelpump,oilpump,oil,injection,nozzle,electronic,electrical,intake,exhaust,valve,compress,lubricate,coolingsystem,waterjacket,coolant,antifreeze,volume,combustionchamber,air-fuelmixture,sweptvolume,totalcapacity,multi-cylinderengine,clearancevolume,compressionratio,emissioncontrolsystem,fueltank,oilpan
2. 句子:
1)Thistermisusedtodescribethemovementofthepistonfromoneextremepositiontotheotherextremepositioninsidetheenginecylinder,e.g.fromthehighesttothelowestpositionitcanreach,orvice-versa(lowesttohighestposition).【第15页1.2stroke】
2)Theelectroniccontrolunit(ECU)controlsthefuelinjectionnozzlestoinjectthesmallquantityoffuelintotheintakeportstoproducetheair-fuelmixturethatthenflowsintothecylinderswhereitisignitedandburns.【第16页2.1fuelsystem】
3)Theenginehasmanymovingmetalparts.Ifmetalpartsrubagainsteachother,theywillwearrapidly.Topreventthis,engineshavelubricatingsystemsthatfloodallmovingpartswithacoatingoflubricatingoil.【第17页2.3lubricatingsystem】
4)Thesecondstrokecausesanupwardmotionofthepiston.Thespaceabovethepistonisnowsealedduetotheinletvalveclosingandtheexhaustvalvehavingalreadyclosed.Thisupwardmotionofthepistoncausesthepetrol/airmixturetobecompressedandtheresultisanincreaseinpressureandtemperatureofthemixture.【第18页3.2compressionstroke】
二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.发动机基本结构及工作过程
2.回答课文后问题
第4课 DieselEngine
本课对柴油机进行了介绍,主要包括柴油机的工作原理、柴油机的供油系统。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1.词汇:
Spray,inject,self-ignition,transmit,accelerate,coach,lorry,tank,low-pressurepipe,fuelfilter,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipe,fuelinjector,fuelleak-offpipe,liter,fillerneck,in-linepump,distributorPumpAssembly(DPA),camshaft
2.句子:
1)Thedieselenginesarecompressionignitionengines.Thedieselengineusestheheatofcompressiontoignitethefuel.
2)Onemajordifferencebetweenadieselengineandapetrolengineisthatthedieselenginehasaveryhighcompressionratio.
3) Compressionignitionenginesareefficient,lastlongerandarecheapertomaintainthanpetrolenginesbutaresometimesexpensive,noisierandslowertoaccelerate.
4) Themaincomponentsofthefuelsupplysystemforadieselengineincludeafuelstoragetank,low-pressurepipes,variousfuelfilters,fuelliftpump,fuelinjectionpump,high-pressurepipes,fuelinjectorsandfuelleak-offpipes.Thesystemisthereforealittlemorecomplicatedthanthefuelsupplysystemforaspark-ignitionengine.
5) Fuelfiltersareusedtopreventthedust,abrasiveparticlesandwaterreachingthefuelinjectionpumpandinjector,wheretheywouldcauseahighrateofwearontheprecision-machinedcomponentsandleadtoshorterlife.
二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.柴油机基本结构及工作过程
2.回答课文后问题
第6课CylinderBlockandCylinderHead
本课主要介绍气缸体和气缸盖。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1.词汇:
cylinderblock,cylinderhead,bearing,coolingpassageway,coolingjacket,radiator,manufacturer,assembly,air-cooledengine,liquid-cooledengine,castiron,aluminum,alloy,liner,in-lineengine,valvemechanism,manifold,heaterhose,lubricant,gasket,seal,crankcase
2.句子:
1) Thecylinderblockisthefoundationoftheengine—allotherpartsareattachedtoit.Itsmostimportantfunctionistoprovideastrong,unmovablemountingforenginecomponentssuchasthecrankshaftandcylindersandsoon.
2) Variousmoderncastingtechniquesareusedtolightenthecylinderblock.Itistheheaviestpartoftheengine,andthemoreitcanbesafelylightened,thelighterthecar.Thismeansbetterfueleconomy.
3) Twokindsofcylinderliners,drylinerandwetliner,canbeinstalledafterthecylinderblockiscast.
4) Thecylinderheadsonmanyenginesalsoformtheupperendofthecombustionchambersforeachcylinder.Thepistonheadandpistonringsformthelowerendofthecombustionchambers.
5) Attachedtothecylinderheadaresuchcomponentsasvalvemechanisms,sparkplugsorinjectors,exhaustandinletmanifolds,temperaturesensors,heaterhoseconnectors,topradiatorhoseconnector,andarockerorcamshaftcover.
二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.气缸体、气缸盖基本结构和材料
2.回答课文后问题
第7课 Piston,ConnectingRod,Crankshaft
本课介绍了活塞、连杆和曲轴。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1.词汇:
Connectingrod,bearing,pistonhead,pistonring,pistonpin,compressionring,oilring,crankpin,forge,counterweight,flywheel,mainjournal,camshaft,keyway,Woodruffkey,gear,sprocket,pulley,auxiliary,generator,coolantpump,powersteeringpump,flange,oil-thrower,machine,mainbearingcap,bolt,bore
2.句子:
1) Thepistonmustbestrong.Butitmustbelighttoreduceinertialoadsonthebearings.Forthisreason,pistonsformodernenginesaremadeofaluminumalloy.Thisisalightmetal.
2) Thepistonringsmaintainaslidingsealbetweenthecylinderwallandthepiston.Thepistoncannotbefittedtightlyenoughtoformagoodsealbyitself.Theremustbesomeclearancesothatthepistoncanslidewithoutsticking.
3) Duringmanufacture,therodsandcapsareindividuallymatchedtoeachother.Theyusuallycarryidentifyingnumberssothattheywillnotbemixedupiftheengineisdisassembled.
4) Thecrankshaftassemblyincludesthecrankshaft,bearings,flywheel,harmonicbalancer,timinggear,andfrontandrearseals.
5) ThecrankshaftusuallydrivesthecamshaftfromitsfrontendandisusuallymachinedtoaccommodateakeywaytoretainaWoodruffkey(half-moonshaped)andagearorsprocketislocatedonthiskeywaywhichisemployedtodrivethecamshaft.
二、一般掌握
1.课文后的词汇
2.阅读课文,基本理解。
三、一般了解
1.活塞、连杆、曲轴基本结构和材料。
2.回答课文后问题
第8课ValveMechanismofanEngine
本课介绍了发动机的配气系统。
具体要求如下:
一、重点掌握
1.词汇:
valvemechanism,valvetrain,valveseat,valveguide,cam,camshaft,overheadcamshaft,DOHC,pushrod,rockerarm,lifter,valve,bushing,valvestem,valveface,valvefloat,valvebounce,time,timinggear,timingchain
2.句子:
1) Therearetwovalvesforeachcylinder.Oneistheintakevalve.Theotheristheexhaustvalve.However,certainhigh-performanceenginesusefourvalvespercylinder,twointakevalvesandtwoexhaustvalves.
2) Thevalvetrainsaredividedintosidecamshafttypeandoverheadcamshaft(OHC)type,seeninFig.2,accordingtothelocationofthecamshaft.
3) IntheOHCengine,thecamshaftismountedonorinthecylinderhead.Inthistypethereisnonecessarytohavethelongpushrod.Thismethodofoperationismuchmoreefficientbecausefewermovingpartsareinvolved(nopushrod).
4) Theintakeandexhaustvalvesoperateatdifferenttemperature.Theintakevalvesrunmuchcoolerthantheexhaustvalves.
5) Forthevalvestoopenandcloseincorrectrelationtothepositionofthecrankshaft,thecamshaftmustbetimedtothecrankshaft.Thismeansthatthetwoshaftsmustbeassembledsothatthecamsopenthevalvesataprecisetimeinrelationtothepositionofthepistonandcrankshaft.
二、一般掌握
1
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